1. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (b) tail 1
... answers must be in the correct order accept ‘a green part’ accept ‘stem’ or other named green part ...
... answers must be in the correct order accept ‘a green part’ accept ‘stem’ or other named green part ...
paramecium notes 14
... the paramecium through the oral groove (mouth pore) and goes to the gullet (color the oral groove and gullet light brown). At the end of the gullet, food vacuoles are formed. Color all food vacuoles brown. Paramecium can respond to temperature, food, oxygen, and toxins and have a very simple defense ...
... the paramecium through the oral groove (mouth pore) and goes to the gullet (color the oral groove and gullet light brown). At the end of the gullet, food vacuoles are formed. Color all food vacuoles brown. Paramecium can respond to temperature, food, oxygen, and toxins and have a very simple defense ...
paramecium notes 13 highlighted
... the paramecium through the oral groove (mouth pore) and goes to the gullet (color the oral groove and gullet light brown). At the end of the gullet, food vacuoles are formed. Color all food vacuoles brown. Paramecium can respond to temperature, food, oxygen, and toxins and have a very simple defense ...
... the paramecium through the oral groove (mouth pore) and goes to the gullet (color the oral groove and gullet light brown). At the end of the gullet, food vacuoles are formed. Color all food vacuoles brown. Paramecium can respond to temperature, food, oxygen, and toxins and have a very simple defense ...
sugar sink
... • Companion cells pass the sugar they accumulate into the sieve-tube members via plasmodesmata. ...
... • Companion cells pass the sugar they accumulate into the sieve-tube members via plasmodesmata. ...
Measuring the mechanical properties of plant cells by combining
... 1999). This device is made from a microcapillary that is attached to a pressure transducer. While the probe is inserted into a cell, turgor is found as the pressure that prevents cell sap from entering the capillary. The pressure probe measures turgor in a direct way but causes irreversible damage t ...
... 1999). This device is made from a microcapillary that is attached to a pressure transducer. While the probe is inserted into a cell, turgor is found as the pressure that prevents cell sap from entering the capillary. The pressure probe measures turgor in a direct way but causes irreversible damage t ...
How and why cells grow as rods Open Access Fred Chang
... where R and RA are easily measureable from images of cells. In this model, the wall viscosity is assumed to be a fixed function of angle around the cell tip, independent of other parameters; it remains to be seen how sensitive the predictions are to this assumption. Nonetheless, it is intriguing tha ...
... where R and RA are easily measureable from images of cells. In this model, the wall viscosity is assumed to be a fixed function of angle around the cell tip, independent of other parameters; it remains to be seen how sensitive the predictions are to this assumption. Nonetheless, it is intriguing tha ...
studies on the intracellular digestive process in mammalian tissue
... labeling them with a different colloidal metal (saccharated iron) before conducting the phagocytosis experiments. This "labeling" of the dense bodies is possible because L strain fibroblasts phagocytize colloidal metals and localize them in the same manner as other cells (2-4). Hydrolytic enzyme-con ...
... labeling them with a different colloidal metal (saccharated iron) before conducting the phagocytosis experiments. This "labeling" of the dense bodies is possible because L strain fibroblasts phagocytize colloidal metals and localize them in the same manner as other cells (2-4). Hydrolytic enzyme-con ...
to the complete text
... donor liposomes provided that the cytoplasmic tail of p23 (or another p24 family member) was present. As only the cytoplasmic domains of the p24 proteins are essential in this reconstitution, an interaction of p24 lumenal domains with cargo proteins does not seem to be necessary for coat assembly, w ...
... donor liposomes provided that the cytoplasmic tail of p23 (or another p24 family member) was present. As only the cytoplasmic domains of the p24 proteins are essential in this reconstitution, an interaction of p24 lumenal domains with cargo proteins does not seem to be necessary for coat assembly, w ...
Molecular Components of the Bacterial Cytoskeleton
... Beech et al. 2000), where it retains a conserved function in organelle division (Osteryoung and McAndrew 2001; Vitha et al. 2001). In the early 1990s, a conserved tubulin motif was identified within the FtsZ sequence (Mukherjee et al. 1993; Bermudes et al. 1994), leading to the idea of an ancient ev ...
... Beech et al. 2000), where it retains a conserved function in organelle division (Osteryoung and McAndrew 2001; Vitha et al. 2001). In the early 1990s, a conserved tubulin motif was identified within the FtsZ sequence (Mukherjee et al. 1993; Bermudes et al. 1994), leading to the idea of an ancient ev ...
Formation and excretion of autophagic plastids (plastolysomes) in
... these plastids, the stroma appeared more electron dense than in vacuolate microspores. In parallel, electron light tubular and/or cisternal profiles appeared loosely arranged within the stromal matrix, indicating the onset of thylakoid formation. Only in very few examples, small starch granules coul ...
... these plastids, the stroma appeared more electron dense than in vacuolate microspores. In parallel, electron light tubular and/or cisternal profiles appeared loosely arranged within the stromal matrix, indicating the onset of thylakoid formation. Only in very few examples, small starch granules coul ...
PDF
... arranged in the cortical region of the gonad and measure between 17 and 24 /*m in diameter. Each oogonium is enveloped by a small number of flattened follicle cells which are closely applied to the oogonial cell membrane (Figs. 3A-C, 5 A). The overall appearance of the oogonia at both light- and ele ...
... arranged in the cortical region of the gonad and measure between 17 and 24 /*m in diameter. Each oogonium is enveloped by a small number of flattened follicle cells which are closely applied to the oogonial cell membrane (Figs. 3A-C, 5 A). The overall appearance of the oogonia at both light- and ele ...
Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin
... the actin micro®lament destabilizer cytochalasin D (CD). (a) CD-induced cas30 mRNA accumulation at 25°C. RNA was isolated from cells treated for 3 h at 25°C with CD (50 mM) or solvent vehicle alone (C; 0.64% DMSO). (b) Induction of Ca2+ in¯ux by CD. Protoplasts were treated for 30 min with CD (50 mM ...
... the actin micro®lament destabilizer cytochalasin D (CD). (a) CD-induced cas30 mRNA accumulation at 25°C. RNA was isolated from cells treated for 3 h at 25°C with CD (50 mM) or solvent vehicle alone (C; 0.64% DMSO). (b) Induction of Ca2+ in¯ux by CD. Protoplasts were treated for 30 min with CD (50 mM ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
as a PDF
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
Middle East Jeopardy - Central Kitsap Junior High
... The jelly – like substance which organelles float inside the cell. Cytoplasm ...
... The jelly – like substance which organelles float inside the cell. Cytoplasm ...
PDF
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
Localization of Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle
... the PL polyclonal antibody was specifically cross-reacting with an epitope of an intermediate filament polypeptide. (a) We preabsorbed the affinity-purified antibody with either Triton X-100-extracted smooth muscle tissue or with purified desmin and subsequently performed labeling experiments with g ...
... the PL polyclonal antibody was specifically cross-reacting with an epitope of an intermediate filament polypeptide. (a) We preabsorbed the affinity-purified antibody with either Triton X-100-extracted smooth muscle tissue or with purified desmin and subsequently performed labeling experiments with g ...
TOPIC 1. CELL CHARACTERISTICS AND DIGESTIBILITIES What
... inhibitors as defense mechanisms in plants, but the effects of chemical inhibitors on digestion. The presence of inhibitor-containing plants on the range makes it possible for them to be included in the diet. The foraging pressure on the range has a part in determining whether such plants will be co ...
... inhibitors as defense mechanisms in plants, but the effects of chemical inhibitors on digestion. The presence of inhibitor-containing plants on the range makes it possible for them to be included in the diet. The foraging pressure on the range has a part in determining whether such plants will be co ...
Osmo-Sensitive and Stretch-Activated Calcium
... cells could sense the osmotic change-induced cell turgor changes or membrane stretch and further transduce osmotic signals (MacRobbie, 1995). It is also suggested that the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways might work together to regulate guard cell turgor under osmotic stress conditions (Li ...
... cells could sense the osmotic change-induced cell turgor changes or membrane stretch and further transduce osmotic signals (MacRobbie, 1995). It is also suggested that the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways might work together to regulate guard cell turgor under osmotic stress conditions (Li ...
An A/ENTH Domain-Containing Protein Functions
... The Arabidopsis genome encodes 22 proteins with an A/ENTH domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they can be grouped into five to six subfamilies (Supplemental Fig. S1; Holstein and Oliviusson, 2005). To gain insight into the role of these proteins in plant cells, the cellular localization of Ar ...
... The Arabidopsis genome encodes 22 proteins with an A/ENTH domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they can be grouped into five to six subfamilies (Supplemental Fig. S1; Holstein and Oliviusson, 2005). To gain insight into the role of these proteins in plant cells, the cellular localization of Ar ...
Pollen Tube Growth Oscillations and Intracellular
... cortical actin fringe, occurs in anticipation of an increase in growth (Lovy-Wheeler et al., 2006). In addition, ADF and actin interacting protein, which form a pH sensitive actin binding protein complex, colocalize with the actin fringe. It is plausible that the rise in pH in the alkaline band stim ...
... cortical actin fringe, occurs in anticipation of an increase in growth (Lovy-Wheeler et al., 2006). In addition, ADF and actin interacting protein, which form a pH sensitive actin binding protein complex, colocalize with the actin fringe. It is plausible that the rise in pH in the alkaline band stim ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... prevalent in the study of ionic signals such as Ca21 and pH. For example, Ca2 1-selective dyes such as Fluo-3 and Calcium Green, whose fluorescence increases in response to Ca21 levels, have been instrumental in demonstrating a previously unsuspected role for Ca21 release from intracellular stores a ...
... prevalent in the study of ionic signals such as Ca21 and pH. For example, Ca2 1-selective dyes such as Fluo-3 and Calcium Green, whose fluorescence increases in response to Ca21 levels, have been instrumental in demonstrating a previously unsuspected role for Ca21 release from intracellular stores a ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... death process involved in the selective elimination of unwanted cells, and it is found throughout animal and plant kingdoms (Ellis et al., 1991; Jones and Dangl, 1996). The term apoptosis (Kerr et al., 1972) usually refers to a morphological type often observed in PCD that involves nuclear shrinkage ...
... death process involved in the selective elimination of unwanted cells, and it is found throughout animal and plant kingdoms (Ellis et al., 1991; Jones and Dangl, 1996). The term apoptosis (Kerr et al., 1972) usually refers to a morphological type often observed in PCD that involves nuclear shrinkage ...
Plant Nutrition: Root Transporters on the Move
... plasma membrane by establishing check points along the secretory pathway, especially during the export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasma membrane-localized transport proteins are internalized through endocytosis followed by recycling to the cell surface or targeting to the vacuole for degradati ...
... plasma membrane by establishing check points along the secretory pathway, especially during the export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasma membrane-localized transport proteins are internalized through endocytosis followed by recycling to the cell surface or targeting to the vacuole for degradati ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑