Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... Specialized bands of cortical MTs which help shape the secondary walls of plant cells are well known (174) even though the conditions which bring about these MT distributions are obscure; some perhaps, could involve self-organizing processes dependent upon reaction-diffusion mechanisms (208a). Less ...
... Specialized bands of cortical MTs which help shape the secondary walls of plant cells are well known (174) even though the conditions which bring about these MT distributions are obscure; some perhaps, could involve self-organizing processes dependent upon reaction-diffusion mechanisms (208a). Less ...
A-new-precipitation-technique-provides-evidence-for-the
... Using an insoluble inorganic salt precipitation technique, the permeability of cell walls and especially of endodermal Casparian bands (CBs) for ions was tested in young roots of corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The test was based on suction of either 100 mM CuSO4 or 200 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] into ...
... Using an insoluble inorganic salt precipitation technique, the permeability of cell walls and especially of endodermal Casparian bands (CBs) for ions was tested in young roots of corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The test was based on suction of either 100 mM CuSO4 or 200 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] into ...
315-332
... exert some influence over the direction of plant growth. Light has been shown to exert control over the positioning of new cell walls in apical cells of fern gametophytes (Racusen, 2002) in such a way as to cause two dimensional growth. A plant will then exhibit an upward growth habit in addition to ...
... exert some influence over the direction of plant growth. Light has been shown to exert control over the positioning of new cell walls in apical cells of fern gametophytes (Racusen, 2002) in such a way as to cause two dimensional growth. A plant will then exhibit an upward growth habit in addition to ...
Dynamin and the Actin Cytoskeleton Cooperatively Regulate
... that all of these proteins had a powerful tubulating activity (Figure 2A, upper panels). The diameter of F-BARinduced tubules was somewhat variable and dependent on the experimental conditions (outer diameter between 40 and 200 nm). The polymerization property was suggested to play a role in the lip ...
... that all of these proteins had a powerful tubulating activity (Figure 2A, upper panels). The diameter of F-BARinduced tubules was somewhat variable and dependent on the experimental conditions (outer diameter between 40 and 200 nm). The polymerization property was suggested to play a role in the lip ...
Vesicle Trafficking during Somatic Cytokinesis
... secretory route (Preuss et al., 2004), although it needs to be shown whether this occurs during cytokinesis. In the ConA-treated binucleated Arabidopsis root tip cells, fragmented cell plate-like structures and unfused membrane vesicles, resembling the vesicles that accumulate in the kn mutant, coul ...
... secretory route (Preuss et al., 2004), although it needs to be shown whether this occurs during cytokinesis. In the ConA-treated binucleated Arabidopsis root tip cells, fragmented cell plate-like structures and unfused membrane vesicles, resembling the vesicles that accumulate in the kn mutant, coul ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
1 Cell polarity and asymmetric cell division: the C. elegans early
... of symmetrically distributed acto-myosin foci decorates the cortex of the entire embryo and drives cortical contractions and ruffling [11,25]. Cortical contractions depend on the activity of the small G-protein RHO-1, regulated by the GEF (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor) ECT-2 (epithelial cell t ...
... of symmetrically distributed acto-myosin foci decorates the cortex of the entire embryo and drives cortical contractions and ruffling [11,25]. Cortical contractions depend on the activity of the small G-protein RHO-1, regulated by the GEF (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor) ECT-2 (epithelial cell t ...
pdf: Baskin 2013
... tight coupling between division and expansion, but the mechanism of the coupling has been little explored. Second, division generates cells whose subsequent fate entails a great deal of expansion. Cells produced by the meristem flow into the zone of elongation. Thus, the more cells produced by the m ...
... tight coupling between division and expansion, but the mechanism of the coupling has been little explored. Second, division generates cells whose subsequent fate entails a great deal of expansion. Cells produced by the meristem flow into the zone of elongation. Thus, the more cells produced by the m ...
Gravity sensing, a largely misunderstood trigger of plant orientated
... gravitropism. The time course of gravitropic curvature investigated in hypocotyl, stem, as well as in the trunk and branches illustrate the following steps in several species: the upward curving of the organs is observed after a latency phase and progressively followed by a “decurving” which starts ...
... gravitropism. The time course of gravitropic curvature investigated in hypocotyl, stem, as well as in the trunk and branches illustrate the following steps in several species: the upward curving of the organs is observed after a latency phase and progressively followed by a “decurving” which starts ...
CDP1, a novel component of chloroplast division site
... no YFP signal was detected (Supplementary information, Figure S2). Both of the above assays suggest that AtCDP1 could not only self-interact, but also interact with ARC3, a chloroplast division protein involved in the division site placement in Arabidopsis. AtCDP1 is exclusively involved in chloropl ...
... no YFP signal was detected (Supplementary information, Figure S2). Both of the above assays suggest that AtCDP1 could not only self-interact, but also interact with ARC3, a chloroplast division protein involved in the division site placement in Arabidopsis. AtCDP1 is exclusively involved in chloropl ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
Bio 20 Muscles notes
... Calcium (Ca2+ ions) near the actin 3) Calcium ions attach to the actin and this then allows myosin to attach to the actin as well, forming an ‘ActinMyosin Cross-Bridge’ 4) The actin and myosin attach and de-attach, over an over. With each re-attachment of the actin the muscle fibers get pulled close ...
... Calcium (Ca2+ ions) near the actin 3) Calcium ions attach to the actin and this then allows myosin to attach to the actin as well, forming an ‘ActinMyosin Cross-Bridge’ 4) The actin and myosin attach and de-attach, over an over. With each re-attachment of the actin the muscle fibers get pulled close ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... ship between NBD-M-TMA⫹ concentration and detected fluorescence, we used a hemocytometer to trap a fixed (10 l) volume of the dye at various concentrations and captured images using this system. The average fluorescence intensity (U-MNB filter set) detected in each column of the CCD array for NBD-M ...
... ship between NBD-M-TMA⫹ concentration and detected fluorescence, we used a hemocytometer to trap a fixed (10 l) volume of the dye at various concentrations and captured images using this system. The average fluorescence intensity (U-MNB filter set) detected in each column of the CCD array for NBD-M ...
Repairing the Damaged Plasma Membrane of the
... Phosphatidic acid is essential for lipid synthesis and cell survival, yet, under normal conditions, is maintained at very low levels in the cell. Glycolipids The role of glycolipids is to maintain stability of the membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition. 3 Carbohydrates are found on the oute ...
... Phosphatidic acid is essential for lipid synthesis and cell survival, yet, under normal conditions, is maintained at very low levels in the cell. Glycolipids The role of glycolipids is to maintain stability of the membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition. 3 Carbohydrates are found on the oute ...
Intracellular Signals Direct Integrin Localization to Sites of Function
... to that ligand is found in the focal adhesions while the other integrin is found distributed diffusely over the cell surface (e.g., Fath et al., 1989). Third, when integrins bind to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellu ...
... to that ligand is found in the focal adhesions while the other integrin is found distributed diffusely over the cell surface (e.g., Fath et al., 1989). Third, when integrins bind to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellu ...
Volume 94, issue 2 July 2011 ...
... potential mechanisms of how forces could translate into changes of cellular physiology and signaling as well as the question whether a universal mechanism of axonal elongation exists across different species. 2. Forces and axonal elongation 2.1. Forces cause axons to grow It is utterly remarkable th ...
... potential mechanisms of how forces could translate into changes of cellular physiology and signaling as well as the question whether a universal mechanism of axonal elongation exists across different species. 2. Forces and axonal elongation 2.1. Forces cause axons to grow It is utterly remarkable th ...
Actin Interacting Protein1 and Actin Depolymerizing
... lines were isolated in each moss background for further analysis. To examine differences in plant growth, we made protoplasts of wild-type and Daip1 lines and allowed the protoplasts to regenerate into plants. Tip-growing protonemal cells emerge from the protoplast, forming a dense network of filame ...
... lines were isolated in each moss background for further analysis. To examine differences in plant growth, we made protoplasts of wild-type and Daip1 lines and allowed the protoplasts to regenerate into plants. Tip-growing protonemal cells emerge from the protoplast, forming a dense network of filame ...
The Plant Cell Wall Integrity Maintenance
... that in turn bring about specific changes in wall structure and composition. An example of such a mechanism is the plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism, which exhibits similarities to the one existing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hamann and Denness 2011). The mechanism is monitoring ...
... that in turn bring about specific changes in wall structure and composition. An example of such a mechanism is the plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism, which exhibits similarities to the one existing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hamann and Denness 2011). The mechanism is monitoring ...
immunohistological study of mannan polysaccharides in poplar stem
... tissues. Kim et al.13 also reported that there were no significant differences in O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan-labeled compression wood tracheid of Cryptomeria japonica before and after delignification. These suggested that lignins might not be the main components associated with the decreased intens ...
... tissues. Kim et al.13 also reported that there were no significant differences in O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan-labeled compression wood tracheid of Cryptomeria japonica before and after delignification. These suggested that lignins might not be the main components associated with the decreased intens ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... The epidermis of grass leaf blade is a model system of choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus ...
... The epidermis of grass leaf blade is a model system of choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... for each contributing transporter, metabolic and buffering reaction, and generally is possible only through integrative modeling to explore the dynamics of these processes within a single ensemble that represents the cell. In principle, constructing cellular models is not difficult. For many eukaryot ...
... for each contributing transporter, metabolic and buffering reaction, and generally is possible only through integrative modeling to explore the dynamics of these processes within a single ensemble that represents the cell. In principle, constructing cellular models is not difficult. For many eukaryot ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑