Dynamics of PhiX174 protein E-mediated lysis of
... the extent of local autolysis and consequently o f particular meshes within the peptidoglycan net. Whereas smaller orifices of the lysis tunnels can be detected at early stages of cell lysis larger tunnel structures can be seen more frequently in samples taken at late stages of lysis. This indicates ...
... the extent of local autolysis and consequently o f particular meshes within the peptidoglycan net. Whereas smaller orifices of the lysis tunnels can be detected at early stages of cell lysis larger tunnel structures can be seen more frequently in samples taken at late stages of lysis. This indicates ...
Trait-based phytoplankton models
... The parameters of phytoplankton growth models are key ecological traits Tradeoffs and other constraints are essential for parsing community complexity These constraints determine how community structure and diversity emerges under different environmental conditions ...
... The parameters of phytoplankton growth models are key ecological traits Tradeoffs and other constraints are essential for parsing community complexity These constraints determine how community structure and diversity emerges under different environmental conditions ...
Determination of Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Planes in
... are associated with initiation of new developmental patterns and cell types. Division planes in both symmetrically and asymmetrically dividing cells are established through the action of a cortical preprophase band (PPB) of cytoskeletal filaments, which is disassembled upon transition to metaphase, l ...
... are associated with initiation of new developmental patterns and cell types. Division planes in both symmetrically and asymmetrically dividing cells are established through the action of a cortical preprophase band (PPB) of cytoskeletal filaments, which is disassembled upon transition to metaphase, l ...
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about
... freely in the extracellular space. Non-destructive techniques such as vacuum infiltration [25], or recovery of liquid culture media from cell suspension cultures or seedlings [23,27] were developed to overcome this obstacle. Large sets of “labile CWPs” have been identified. Most of them have acidic ...
... freely in the extracellular space. Non-destructive techniques such as vacuum infiltration [25], or recovery of liquid culture media from cell suspension cultures or seedlings [23,27] were developed to overcome this obstacle. Large sets of “labile CWPs” have been identified. Most of them have acidic ...
Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between
... location of ATP-synthesis complexes). Assuming that an increase in cell size leads to a proportional increase in the number of organelles [53], the rate of whole-cell metabolism should scale with GS with the scaling exponent 1. Therefore, mass-specific metabolic rate should be independent of GS (GS1 ...
... location of ATP-synthesis complexes). Assuming that an increase in cell size leads to a proportional increase in the number of organelles [53], the rate of whole-cell metabolism should scale with GS with the scaling exponent 1. Therefore, mass-specific metabolic rate should be independent of GS (GS1 ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
How and why does β-actin mRNA target?
... quire microtubules and kinesin since nocodazole (a microtubule depolymerizing drug) and kinesin antisense oligonucleotides inhibit transport of microinjected MBP mRNA (Carson et al., 1997). In addition, Staufen, the mRNA-binding protein that is required for Oskar and Bicoid mRNA localization in Dros ...
... quire microtubules and kinesin since nocodazole (a microtubule depolymerizing drug) and kinesin antisense oligonucleotides inhibit transport of microinjected MBP mRNA (Carson et al., 1997). In addition, Staufen, the mRNA-binding protein that is required for Oskar and Bicoid mRNA localization in Dros ...
FEBS Letters
... 2. The influx of Na+ into the plants The greatest proportion of the root surface area is that presented by root hairs, and it is across the plasma membrane of these epidermal cells that the greatest portion of ion uptake occurs. Early studies of Na+ uptake with whole plants and excised roots led to t ...
... 2. The influx of Na+ into the plants The greatest proportion of the root surface area is that presented by root hairs, and it is across the plasma membrane of these epidermal cells that the greatest portion of ion uptake occurs. Early studies of Na+ uptake with whole plants and excised roots led to t ...
Evaluation of cell membrane integrity as a potential antimicrobial
... Bacterial cell membranes can be used as a target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Many plants produce secondary metabolites which contain a steroid or triterpernoid aglycon attached to one or more sugar chains that exhibit cell membrane permeabilizing properties [11]. Permeability enh ...
... Bacterial cell membranes can be used as a target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Many plants produce secondary metabolites which contain a steroid or triterpernoid aglycon attached to one or more sugar chains that exhibit cell membrane permeabilizing properties [11]. Permeability enh ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
Translocation of Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors into
... complex (BIC), which accumulates fluorescently labeled effectors secreted by IH. In each newly entered rice cell, effectors were first secreted into BICs at the tips of the initially filamentous hyphae in the cell. These tip BICs were left behind beside the first-differentiated bulbous IH cells as t ...
... complex (BIC), which accumulates fluorescently labeled effectors secreted by IH. In each newly entered rice cell, effectors were first secreted into BICs at the tips of the initially filamentous hyphae in the cell. These tip BICs were left behind beside the first-differentiated bulbous IH cells as t ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
... concentration gradient across plant-cell components and (2) accumulation of PAHs in plant tissues, with the extent related to plant lipid contents [18-21]. However, the factors that influence PAH transfer and distribution in plants as well as their metabolism in cells are not clear. Plant uptake of ...
... concentration gradient across plant-cell components and (2) accumulation of PAHs in plant tissues, with the extent related to plant lipid contents [18-21]. However, the factors that influence PAH transfer and distribution in plants as well as their metabolism in cells are not clear. Plant uptake of ...
as a PDF
... the mother cell and during midanaphase asymmetrically to the spindle pole body located in the mother. In late anaphase it strongly associated with the bud neck. Whereas the role of Kin4 in mitotic exit inhibition in cells with a misaligned spindle has been studied in great detail, it is not clear ye ...
... the mother cell and during midanaphase asymmetrically to the spindle pole body located in the mother. In late anaphase it strongly associated with the bud neck. Whereas the role of Kin4 in mitotic exit inhibition in cells with a misaligned spindle has been studied in great detail, it is not clear ye ...
Micronuclei and the Cytoplasm of Growing Tetrahymena Contain a
... interested to see whether purified micronuclei contain any extractable activity that could acetylate macronuclear histones. Macronuclear histone (both DNA free and chromatin) was chosen as an initial substrate for these experiments (as opposed to micronuclear histone) since it is easier to prepare l ...
... interested to see whether purified micronuclei contain any extractable activity that could acetylate macronuclear histones. Macronuclear histone (both DNA free and chromatin) was chosen as an initial substrate for these experiments (as opposed to micronuclear histone) since it is easier to prepare l ...
Switching the Cell Cycle. Kip-Related Proteins in Plant Cell
... CDK-cyclin complex, respectively. In contrast, inhibitors of the Kip/Cip family (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2) bind and inhibit a broader range of CDKs and function in dimeric as well as heterotrimeric complexes with CDKs and cyclins; all share a conserved inhibitory domain at their N terminus. Kip ...
... CDK-cyclin complex, respectively. In contrast, inhibitors of the Kip/Cip family (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2) bind and inhibit a broader range of CDKs and function in dimeric as well as heterotrimeric complexes with CDKs and cyclins; all share a conserved inhibitory domain at their N terminus. Kip ...
Working paper - Complex Systems Lab
... We start with an initially homogeneous state where with a constant and a small noise term (Meinhardt, 1982). As a result of the previous set of interactions, concentrations change until they achieve a steady state. In figure 3 an example of the spatial distribution of and is shown, using the paramet ...
... We start with an initially homogeneous state where with a constant and a small noise term (Meinhardt, 1982). As a result of the previous set of interactions, concentrations change until they achieve a steady state. In figure 3 an example of the spatial distribution of and is shown, using the paramet ...
MESOPHYLL STRUCTURE AND CHLOROPLAST DENSITY IN
... conductance for CO2 and water vapor; increases of these parameters mean increasing leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency, and vice versa; plants that have maximal integral indexes grow in habitats at the ecological optimum for the given species (Pyankov et al., 1998; Ivanova and Pyankov, 2002). ...
... conductance for CO2 and water vapor; increases of these parameters mean increasing leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency, and vice versa; plants that have maximal integral indexes grow in habitats at the ecological optimum for the given species (Pyankov et al., 1998; Ivanova and Pyankov, 2002). ...
Exploring Bioinorganic Pattern Formation in Diatoms. A Story of
... Secretion is thought to occur by general mechanisms of exocytosis, but it is nonetheless an intriguing example of polarized transport specifically toward the cleavage furrow. It will be interesting to determine how many other wall-associated proteins avoid the SDV during their secretion and incorpor ...
... Secretion is thought to occur by general mechanisms of exocytosis, but it is nonetheless an intriguing example of polarized transport specifically toward the cleavage furrow. It will be interesting to determine how many other wall-associated proteins avoid the SDV during their secretion and incorpor ...
The Membrane Skeleton of a Unicellular Consists
... that overlap along their lateral margins. The junction between adjacent strips is particularly interesting and consists of welldefined complexes that link the right margin of one strip with the left margin of the adjacent more anterior strip. The occurrence of a junctional complex along the margin o ...
... that overlap along their lateral margins. The junction between adjacent strips is particularly interesting and consists of welldefined complexes that link the right margin of one strip with the left margin of the adjacent more anterior strip. The occurrence of a junctional complex along the margin o ...
Mitotic Disrupter Herbicides
... Microtubules are hollow cylinders with an external diameter of 25 nanometers(Figure 1). They range in length up to 200 microns, although microtubules of this length are rarely detected. The microtubules are primarily composed of the dimeric protein tubulin, which is composed of similar but distinct ...
... Microtubules are hollow cylinders with an external diameter of 25 nanometers(Figure 1). They range in length up to 200 microns, although microtubules of this length are rarely detected. The microtubules are primarily composed of the dimeric protein tubulin, which is composed of similar but distinct ...
A contractile ring-like mechanism in wound
... the edge of the ring. Cortical pigment or surface dye marks were stretched towards the hole during closing. These observations suggested that a constricting ring around the hole was acting like a purse string in closing it, although he interpreted them as an 'active spreading' of a pigmented surface ...
... the edge of the ring. Cortical pigment or surface dye marks were stretched towards the hole during closing. These observations suggested that a constricting ring around the hole was acting like a purse string in closing it, although he interpreted them as an 'active spreading' of a pigmented surface ...
Stress-Induced Chloroplast Degradation in
... mutants (Ishida et al., 2008), CCVs were observed both inside and outside of the chloroplasts (Supplemental Figure 6B), further suggesting that the formation and trafficking of CCVs were independent of autophagy. During senescence, the formation of small acidic SAVs aids in the degradation of chlorop ...
... mutants (Ishida et al., 2008), CCVs were observed both inside and outside of the chloroplasts (Supplemental Figure 6B), further suggesting that the formation and trafficking of CCVs were independent of autophagy. During senescence, the formation of small acidic SAVs aids in the degradation of chlorop ...
Plant Cell
... mutants (Ishida et al., 2008), CCVs were observed both inside and outside of the chloroplasts (Supplemental Figure 6B), further suggesting that the formation and trafficking of CCVs were independent of autophagy. During senescence, the formation of small acidic SAVs aids in the degradation of chlorop ...
... mutants (Ishida et al., 2008), CCVs were observed both inside and outside of the chloroplasts (Supplemental Figure 6B), further suggesting that the formation and trafficking of CCVs were independent of autophagy. During senescence, the formation of small acidic SAVs aids in the degradation of chlorop ...
The Plant Actin Cytoskeleton Responds to Signals from Microbe
... microtubule cytoskeleton to circumvent PTI [27]. Similarly, one report describes actin filament stabilization through monoubiquitination of actin during infection by either pathogenic or mutualistic bacteria, but not in response to stress or viral infection [28]. We hypothesize that the continuous r ...
... microtubule cytoskeleton to circumvent PTI [27]. Similarly, one report describes actin filament stabilization through monoubiquitination of actin during infection by either pathogenic or mutualistic bacteria, but not in response to stress or viral infection [28]. We hypothesize that the continuous r ...
The `root-brain` hypothesis of Charles and Francis Darwin
... Besides enabling the gravity-mediated polarisation of auxin transport, the root synapses might themselves act as gravisensing devices.22,68 This would explain cases of graviperception at sites remote from the root cap,70-72 in zones whose cells lack sedimentable organelles. Furthermore, analogous sy ...
... Besides enabling the gravity-mediated polarisation of auxin transport, the root synapses might themselves act as gravisensing devices.22,68 This would explain cases of graviperception at sites remote from the root cap,70-72 in zones whose cells lack sedimentable organelles. Furthermore, analogous sy ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑