CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
Diffusion of Green Fluorescent Protein in Three Cell
... strain MC4100, which was selected for arabinose resistance (MC4100AR) (2). The GFP gene was GFPmut3* (6). GFP constructs were expressed using the arabinose-inducible pBAD24 vector (10). The TatA-GFP construct is described in reference 19, and the TorA-GFP construct is described in reference 23. TorA ...
... strain MC4100, which was selected for arabinose resistance (MC4100AR) (2). The GFP gene was GFPmut3* (6). GFP constructs were expressed using the arabinose-inducible pBAD24 vector (10). The TatA-GFP construct is described in reference 19, and the TorA-GFP construct is described in reference 23. TorA ...
Cytokinesis in Higher Plants
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
bacterial cell shape - Jacobs-Wagner Lab
... many years, the basis for generation of these various cell shapes remained obscure. It became increasingly clear that the bacterial cell wall, with its PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer or SACCULUS, was important in maintaining the shape of the cell and protecting against osmotic pressure. Disruption of the cel ...
... many years, the basis for generation of these various cell shapes remained obscure. It became increasingly clear that the bacterial cell wall, with its PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer or SACCULUS, was important in maintaining the shape of the cell and protecting against osmotic pressure. Disruption of the cel ...
Recovery of the resurrection plant Craterostigma wilmsii from
... taken for this protection to be instituted is thought to preclude recovery after rapid drying. Thus the response of C. wilmsii plants to rapid dehydration was investigated. The effect of rapid drying on sucrose accumulation was determined and the cellular ultrastructure was investigated during natur ...
... taken for this protection to be instituted is thought to preclude recovery after rapid drying. Thus the response of C. wilmsii plants to rapid dehydration was investigated. The effect of rapid drying on sucrose accumulation was determined and the cellular ultrastructure was investigated during natur ...
Plastid division
... proteins regulate the positional polymerization of FtsZ proteins in that MinD inhibits FtsZ filament formation at the poles of the plastid, whereas MinE supports and maintains FtsZ filamentation in an antagonistic manner with MinD (Maple and Møller, 2007; Fujiwara et al., 2008). It remains unclear w ...
... proteins regulate the positional polymerization of FtsZ proteins in that MinD inhibits FtsZ filament formation at the poles of the plastid, whereas MinE supports and maintains FtsZ filamentation in an antagonistic manner with MinD (Maple and Møller, 2007; Fujiwara et al., 2008). It remains unclear w ...
Nucleolus-like body of mouse oocytes contains lamin A and B and
... Results: The aim of this study was to determine which proteins represent the NLB components at final stages of karyosphere formation in mouse oogenesis. To determine this, three antibodies (ABs) have been examined against different actin epitopes. Examination of both ABs against the actin N-end prov ...
... Results: The aim of this study was to determine which proteins represent the NLB components at final stages of karyosphere formation in mouse oogenesis. To determine this, three antibodies (ABs) have been examined against different actin epitopes. Examination of both ABs against the actin N-end prov ...
Cagnac, O., Leterrier, M., Yeager, M. and Blumwald, E. (2007).
... with Mntp1p, a Golgi-specific marker (11). Although Kha1p displays high amino acid sequence similarity to other Na⫹/H⫹ antiporters, its ability to mediate K⫹/H⫹ exchange has not been yet demonstrated. Nhx1p localizes to the pre-vacuolar compartment and function in the sequestration of sodium ions (K ...
... with Mntp1p, a Golgi-specific marker (11). Although Kha1p displays high amino acid sequence similarity to other Na⫹/H⫹ antiporters, its ability to mediate K⫹/H⫹ exchange has not been yet demonstrated. Nhx1p localizes to the pre-vacuolar compartment and function in the sequestration of sodium ions (K ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be released from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. Cytochr ...
... reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be released from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. Cytochr ...
p53-associated 3 exonuclease activity in nuclear and cytoplasmic
... in maintenance of the genomic integrity of cells. p53 possesses an intrinsic 30 -50 exonuclease activity. p53 was found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of the cell. In order to evaluate the subcellular location and extent of p53-associated 30 - 50 exonuclease activity, we established an in vitro ...
... in maintenance of the genomic integrity of cells. p53 possesses an intrinsic 30 -50 exonuclease activity. p53 was found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of the cell. In order to evaluate the subcellular location and extent of p53-associated 30 - 50 exonuclease activity, we established an in vitro ...
Symmetry, asymmetry, and the cell cycle in plants: known knowns
... target of these genes. In addition, CEID periclinal divisions are diminished in cycd6;1 mutants, suggesting that the activation of CYCD6;1 through the SHR/SCR network is required for the asymmetric divisions giving rise to the cortical and endodermal root lineages (Sozzani et al., 2010). Other cell ...
... target of these genes. In addition, CEID periclinal divisions are diminished in cycd6;1 mutants, suggesting that the activation of CYCD6;1 through the SHR/SCR network is required for the asymmetric divisions giving rise to the cortical and endodermal root lineages (Sozzani et al., 2010). Other cell ...
5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... The existence of the plasma membrane was identified in the 1890s, and its chemical components were identified in 1915. The principal components identified at that time were lipids and proteins. The first widely accepted model of the plasma membrane’s structure was proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and ...
... The existence of the plasma membrane was identified in the 1890s, and its chemical components were identified in 1915. The principal components identified at that time were lipids and proteins. The first widely accepted model of the plasma membrane’s structure was proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and ...
Protists
... thing in common, it’s that they are not other living things‐ they are not bacteria or fungi, they are not plants or animals. And that’s how scientists set about placing them in their own category. Not very creative is it? But where did protists themselves come from? The earliest protists we ca ...
... thing in common, it’s that they are not other living things‐ they are not bacteria or fungi, they are not plants or animals. And that’s how scientists set about placing them in their own category. Not very creative is it? But where did protists themselves come from? The earliest protists we ca ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels and radioactivity in individual bands was quantified with a PhosphorImager. In vitro reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast transport S-labeled pLHCPII containing Golgi membrane fractio ...
... with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels and radioactivity in individual bands was quantified with a PhosphorImager. In vitro reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast transport S-labeled pLHCPII containing Golgi membrane fractio ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels and radioactivity in individual bands was quantified with a PhosphorImager. In vitro reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast transport S-labeled pLHCPII containing Golgi membrane fractio ...
... with antibody to Euglena LHCPII. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed on 8-12% linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels and radioactivity in individual bands was quantified with a PhosphorImager. In vitro reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast transport S-labeled pLHCPII containing Golgi membrane fractio ...
Presence of methyl sterol and bacteriohopanepolyol
... and the SDS-PAGE analysis of membrane proteins (Fig. 1). The amount of material recovered in I1 varied widely between experiments; in some, band I1 was not observed, and in others it accounted for as much as 40% of the total recovered protein and phospholipid. A substantial increase in band I1 resul ...
... and the SDS-PAGE analysis of membrane proteins (Fig. 1). The amount of material recovered in I1 varied widely between experiments; in some, band I1 was not observed, and in others it accounted for as much as 40% of the total recovered protein and phospholipid. A substantial increase in band I1 resul ...
Dynamic Localization of Rop GTPases to the
... contain a vacuolar network as suggested by the Rop immunofluorescence staining, we investigated the ultrastructure of these cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As shown in Figure 4, TEM analyses revealed a highly dynamic vacuolar system in young tapetal cells. Small vacuoles apparent ...
... contain a vacuolar network as suggested by the Rop immunofluorescence staining, we investigated the ultrastructure of these cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As shown in Figure 4, TEM analyses revealed a highly dynamic vacuolar system in young tapetal cells. Small vacuoles apparent ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... dynamics in live cells that superimposed on the processes of formation and maintenance of macromolecular complexes such as mature myofibrils is an active exchange of proteins between organized structures and cytoplasmic pools [9,11]. The time scale for this dynamic behavior is much shorter than prot ...
... dynamics in live cells that superimposed on the processes of formation and maintenance of macromolecular complexes such as mature myofibrils is an active exchange of proteins between organized structures and cytoplasmic pools [9,11]. The time scale for this dynamic behavior is much shorter than prot ...
Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and
... proliferation time, rather than cell division rate, is one of critical mechanisms for determining final organ size in plants (Anastasiou & Lenhard, 2007). However, a few factors that regulate organ growth by cell expansion have also been identified. For example, ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) stimulates polar ...
... proliferation time, rather than cell division rate, is one of critical mechanisms for determining final organ size in plants (Anastasiou & Lenhard, 2007). However, a few factors that regulate organ growth by cell expansion have also been identified. For example, ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) stimulates polar ...
Ultrastructural and Physiological Characterization of YELP, a Novel
... 1. Introduction Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in nature and one of the most abundant organic molecules on earth. Chlorophyll is involved in the absorption and transfer of energy in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll deficiency in photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, algae a ...
... 1. Introduction Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in nature and one of the most abundant organic molecules on earth. Chlorophyll is involved in the absorption and transfer of energy in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll deficiency in photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, algae a ...
Cytokinesis in Tobacco BY-2 and Root Tip Cells: A New Model of
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
Microtubule cortical array organization and plant cell morphogenesis
... Most current evidence suggests that interphase microtubules are first polymerized then organized into the cortical array. In the course of normal root axis development, microtubules appear at the cortex of post-mitotic cells in random orientations before the array attains a high degree of order. Lik ...
... Most current evidence suggests that interphase microtubules are first polymerized then organized into the cortical array. In the course of normal root axis development, microtubules appear at the cortex of post-mitotic cells in random orientations before the array attains a high degree of order. Lik ...
Cis-elements of protein transport to the plant vacuoles
... bind different proteins of similar molecular weight, e.g. different isoforms of BP-80 that are known from different cDNA clones (Paris et al., 1997). Preliminary results seem to indicate that one peptide can deplete the extract from the protein that would bind another unrelated peptide. The peptides ...
... bind different proteins of similar molecular weight, e.g. different isoforms of BP-80 that are known from different cDNA clones (Paris et al., 1997). Preliminary results seem to indicate that one peptide can deplete the extract from the protein that would bind another unrelated peptide. The peptides ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... a laser beam (Shen, 1989). The application of SHG imaging of cellular structure and functioning is quite new and notable (Campagnola & Loew, 2003). Advances in mode-locked lasers [instead of a continuous wave, mode-locked lasers, which emit short pulses in the range of nanoseconds to femtoseconds (f ...
... a laser beam (Shen, 1989). The application of SHG imaging of cellular structure and functioning is quite new and notable (Campagnola & Loew, 2003). Advances in mode-locked lasers [instead of a continuous wave, mode-locked lasers, which emit short pulses in the range of nanoseconds to femtoseconds (f ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑