PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... What is involved in this phenomenon is not yet clear, but it points to major alterations to the cytosol being triggered by SI. Thus, cytosolic acidification is likely to be an important decision-making step, as this will allow PCD to proceed by allowing caspase-like proteins to be activated. Surpris ...
... What is involved in this phenomenon is not yet clear, but it points to major alterations to the cytosol being triggered by SI. Thus, cytosolic acidification is likely to be an important decision-making step, as this will allow PCD to proceed by allowing caspase-like proteins to be activated. Surpris ...
Chemical Effectors of Plant Endocytosis and Endomembrane
... are targets of the inhibitor. Other inhibitors, such as the phosphatidylinositol-3/4 kinase (PI-3/4 kinase) inhibitor wortmannin, interfere with protein trafficking to the plant vacuole (Dhonukshe et al. 2008b; Takáč et al. 2012) and with endocytosis (Irani and Russinova 2009). Concanamycin A (Conc ...
... are targets of the inhibitor. Other inhibitors, such as the phosphatidylinositol-3/4 kinase (PI-3/4 kinase) inhibitor wortmannin, interfere with protein trafficking to the plant vacuole (Dhonukshe et al. 2008b; Takáč et al. 2012) and with endocytosis (Irani and Russinova 2009). Concanamycin A (Conc ...
Tracking rapid intracellular movements: A
... not static, and organelles in close proximity can display strikingly different behaviors [Collings et al. (2002), Nebenführ et al. (1999)]. Commercial automated tracking algorithms such as Perkin–Elmer’s “Volocity” were sometimes used to gain insights into overall movement patterns or derive averag ...
... not static, and organelles in close proximity can display strikingly different behaviors [Collings et al. (2002), Nebenführ et al. (1999)]. Commercial automated tracking algorithms such as Perkin–Elmer’s “Volocity” were sometimes used to gain insights into overall movement patterns or derive averag ...
Runions et al - Oxford Academic
... Measurement of the rate at which activated GFP moves away from the activation spot shows that this motion is much faster than would be expected if membrane components moved simply by diffusion. Treatment with latrunculin to depolymerize the actin cytoskeleton stops ER remodelling and reduces the rat ...
... Measurement of the rate at which activated GFP moves away from the activation spot shows that this motion is much faster than would be expected if membrane components moved simply by diffusion. Treatment with latrunculin to depolymerize the actin cytoskeleton stops ER remodelling and reduces the rat ...
NUCLEAR PROTEINS II. Similarity of Nonhistone Proteins in
... the major N H P indicates that they are present in a range of 2.2 • 105-5.2 • l06 copies per diploid nucleus. Most of the electrophoretically visible NHP are probably structural rather than regulatory proteins; 09 actin, myosin, tubulin, and tropomyosin, if present at all, constitute a very minor fr ...
... the major N H P indicates that they are present in a range of 2.2 • 105-5.2 • l06 copies per diploid nucleus. Most of the electrophoretically visible NHP are probably structural rather than regulatory proteins; 09 actin, myosin, tubulin, and tropomyosin, if present at all, constitute a very minor fr ...
siRNA Screen Identifies Trafficking Host Factors that Modulate
... associates with actin in alphavirus-infected cells and co-localizes with Rac1–PIP5K1-α along actin ...
... associates with actin in alphavirus-infected cells and co-localizes with Rac1–PIP5K1-α along actin ...
Submembraneous microtubule cytoskeleton: biochemical and
... Detergent extraction after RTX treatment of TRPV1 expressing cells reveals loss of peripheral microtubules from majority of the cell body. The presence of microtubules is restricted only to the microtubule organizing centre region. Some fragmented microtubules near perinuclear region are also visibl ...
... Detergent extraction after RTX treatment of TRPV1 expressing cells reveals loss of peripheral microtubules from majority of the cell body. The presence of microtubules is restricted only to the microtubule organizing centre region. Some fragmented microtubules near perinuclear region are also visibl ...
Physiology Review Sheet
... not very important in muscle because limited ROM due to skeleton very important in heart where muscle has a large length range Assembly of sarcomeres o in parallel = ↑ force o series = ↑ velocity, shortening capacity, and tension cost (ATPase) Factors influencing total force developed o [Ca2+]I ...
... not very important in muscle because limited ROM due to skeleton very important in heart where muscle has a large length range Assembly of sarcomeres o in parallel = ↑ force o series = ↑ velocity, shortening capacity, and tension cost (ATPase) Factors influencing total force developed o [Ca2+]I ...
as a PDF
... form (1-5). The cortical microtubule array is proposed to inuence cell shape by guiding the deposition of new cell wall polymers (4,6,7). Aligning the cellulose microbrils in the cell wall restricts cell elongation, resulting in anisotropic cell wall expansion and the acquisition of specialized ce ...
... form (1-5). The cortical microtubule array is proposed to inuence cell shape by guiding the deposition of new cell wall polymers (4,6,7). Aligning the cellulose microbrils in the cell wall restricts cell elongation, resulting in anisotropic cell wall expansion and the acquisition of specialized ce ...
Test Bank - rsffa.org
... 6. The storage structure indicated in Figure 7–6 by the letter F is a(an) ____________________ . 7. Cells that need to make a lot of protein are expected to have a large number of ________________. 8. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, w ...
... 6. The storage structure indicated in Figure 7–6 by the letter F is a(an) ____________________ . 7. Cells that need to make a lot of protein are expected to have a large number of ________________. 8. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, w ...
Tracheary Element Differentiation
... exhibit distinctive expression patterns during xylem development (24). Such distinctive patterns can only be easily detected if the differentiation of cells into TEs occurs in a highly synchronized manner and are a testament to the excellence of the Zinnia system. Although both transient assays and ...
... exhibit distinctive expression patterns during xylem development (24). Such distinctive patterns can only be easily detected if the differentiation of cells into TEs occurs in a highly synchronized manner and are a testament to the excellence of the Zinnia system. Although both transient assays and ...
08. Paramecium Notes
... paramecium appears pinched inward and is called the oral groove, cilia sweep food into this area. At the end of the gullet, food vacuoles are formed. Color all food vacuoles brown. Paramecium can respond to temperature, food, oxygen and toxins and have a very simple defense mechanism. Just inside th ...
... paramecium appears pinched inward and is called the oral groove, cilia sweep food into this area. At the end of the gullet, food vacuoles are formed. Color all food vacuoles brown. Paramecium can respond to temperature, food, oxygen and toxins and have a very simple defense mechanism. Just inside th ...
Mechanical properties of the heart muscle
... similar, but not identical, contractile mechanisms. A muscle cell (cardiac or skeletal) contains smaller units called myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. The sarcomere contains overlapping thin and thick filaments, which are responsible for the force development in the muscle cells. ...
... similar, but not identical, contractile mechanisms. A muscle cell (cardiac or skeletal) contains smaller units called myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. The sarcomere contains overlapping thin and thick filaments, which are responsible for the force development in the muscle cells. ...
Photoactivation of GFP reveals protein dynamics within the
... Measurement of the rate at which activated GFP moves away from the activation spot shows that this motion is much faster than would be expected if membrane components moved simply by diffusion. Treatment with latrunculin to depolymerize the actin cytoskeleton stops ER remodelling and reduces the rat ...
... Measurement of the rate at which activated GFP moves away from the activation spot shows that this motion is much faster than would be expected if membrane components moved simply by diffusion. Treatment with latrunculin to depolymerize the actin cytoskeleton stops ER remodelling and reduces the rat ...
Biogenesis of the Protein Storage Vacuole Crystalloid
... In addition to the results from precursor-accumulating vesicle studies (Hara-Nishimura et al., 1998), the results from studies of traffic of chimeric integral membrane proteins to vacuoles in tobacco suspension culture protoplasts indicated that some membrane components of organelles in the PSV path ...
... In addition to the results from precursor-accumulating vesicle studies (Hara-Nishimura et al., 1998), the results from studies of traffic of chimeric integral membrane proteins to vacuoles in tobacco suspension culture protoplasts indicated that some membrane components of organelles in the PSV path ...
Biogenesis of the Protein Storage Vacuole Crystalloid
... and aggregate such that they form the crystalloid in mature seeds. These organelles also represent an intermediate for vesicular traffic from the Golgi apparatus because they abundantly accumulate a unique receptor-like protein of the ReMembR-H2 (RMR) protein family that acquires Golgi-specific aspa ...
... and aggregate such that they form the crystalloid in mature seeds. These organelles also represent an intermediate for vesicular traffic from the Golgi apparatus because they abundantly accumulate a unique receptor-like protein of the ReMembR-H2 (RMR) protein family that acquires Golgi-specific aspa ...
Fig. - Journal of Cell Science
... (orange), acidocalcisomes (grey), basal bodies (white) and nucleolus (dark blue). Cell orientation is indicated as follows: dorsal (D) and ventral (V); anterior (A) and posterior (P). (C) Surface renderings and SBF-SEM data showing the key ultrastructural features used to determine stage of cell cyc ...
... (orange), acidocalcisomes (grey), basal bodies (white) and nucleolus (dark blue). Cell orientation is indicated as follows: dorsal (D) and ventral (V); anterior (A) and posterior (P). (C) Surface renderings and SBF-SEM data showing the key ultrastructural features used to determine stage of cell cyc ...
Dynamical remodeling of the during tumor growth vascular network K. Bartha
... Transition probabilities depending on shear force. ...
... Transition probabilities depending on shear force. ...
Use of Phenylboronic Acids to Investigate Boron
... along the plasma membrane between attachment points (Oparka et al., 1994). This response is clearly observed when boron is also included in the culture medium prior to plasmolyzing cells (Fig. 3A). However, when tobacco cells are treated with 0.5 mM 3-NBA, 3-MBA, or PBA for 1 h prior to plasmolysis, ...
... along the plasma membrane between attachment points (Oparka et al., 1994). This response is clearly observed when boron is also included in the culture medium prior to plasmolyzing cells (Fig. 3A). However, when tobacco cells are treated with 0.5 mM 3-NBA, 3-MBA, or PBA for 1 h prior to plasmolysis, ...
Stimulation of Cell Elongation by Tetraploidy in Hypocotyls of Dark
... autopolyploidy and endopolyploidy, both of which have been correlated with cytoplasmic volume and, hence, cell growth [1]. Endopolyploidy, which is essential for angiosperm development, is controlled by an endoreduplication cycle whereby the genome is duplicated without cellular division. Conversely ...
... autopolyploidy and endopolyploidy, both of which have been correlated with cytoplasmic volume and, hence, cell growth [1]. Endopolyploidy, which is essential for angiosperm development, is controlled by an endoreduplication cycle whereby the genome is duplicated without cellular division. Conversely ...
Spindle pole body-anchored Kar3 drives the nucleus
... application of the core principle that drives nuclear migration in higher cells is used in yeast to drive nuclei toward each other before nuclear fusion. [Keywords: nuclear migration; microtubule; kinesin; karyogamy; spindle pole body; Kar3] Supplemental material is available for this article. Recei ...
... application of the core principle that drives nuclear migration in higher cells is used in yeast to drive nuclei toward each other before nuclear fusion. [Keywords: nuclear migration; microtubule; kinesin; karyogamy; spindle pole body; Kar3] Supplemental material is available for this article. Recei ...
Cellulose orientation determines mechanical anisotropy in onion
... cellulose microfibrils are usually transversely oriented to the vector of the cell extension (Baskin et al., 1999; Sugimoto et al., 2000). At the same time, there have been surprisingly few direct confirmations that a specific alignment of cellulose microfibrils confers to the cell walls a mechanica ...
... cellulose microfibrils are usually transversely oriented to the vector of the cell extension (Baskin et al., 1999; Sugimoto et al., 2000). At the same time, there have been surprisingly few direct confirmations that a specific alignment of cellulose microfibrils confers to the cell walls a mechanica ...
Neuronal Growth Cone Retraction Relies Upon Proneurotrophin
... p75NTR and the closely related SorCS2 family member, sortilin, as compared to p75NTR alone. Among the proteins detected by mass spectrometry, we identified Trio, a scaffold protein containing Rac and Rho GEF domains (16) (Fig. 2A and fig. S3). We confirmed the interaction between p75NTR and Trio by ...
... p75NTR and the closely related SorCS2 family member, sortilin, as compared to p75NTR alone. Among the proteins detected by mass spectrometry, we identified Trio, a scaffold protein containing Rac and Rho GEF domains (16) (Fig. 2A and fig. S3). We confirmed the interaction between p75NTR and Trio by ...
Receptor-mediated sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins: myths, facts
... To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment of the cell (lysosome or vacuole). In animal cells, the receptor is called the mannosyl 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) and i ...
... To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment of the cell (lysosome or vacuole). In animal cells, the receptor is called the mannosyl 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) and i ...
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging of Individual Algal Cells: Effects
... in the effect may indicate differences in permeability of the cell wall or the cell membrane to the herbicide solution. It would be expected that younger chloroplasts would be more permeable and therefore would take up more DCMU. This scenario would result in a higher concentration of DCMU in younge ...
... in the effect may indicate differences in permeability of the cell wall or the cell membrane to the herbicide solution. It would be expected that younger chloroplasts would be more permeable and therefore would take up more DCMU. This scenario would result in a higher concentration of DCMU in younge ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑