November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184
... excitation. This idea underlies the Hopfield model27 for storing discrete memory items in the synaptic weight matrix of a network and retrieving them as fixed-point attractors of the activation dynamics. In this model, neurons that collectively encode the same pattern are wired together reciprocally ...
... excitation. This idea underlies the Hopfield model27 for storing discrete memory items in the synaptic weight matrix of a network and retrieving them as fixed-point attractors of the activation dynamics. In this model, neurons that collectively encode the same pattern are wired together reciprocally ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... GABA Receptor Subunits and Sensory Deprivation GABAA receptors subunits comprise a family of at least 17 subunits (Davies et al., 1997). Each subunit is expressed in a particular laminar pattern in SI and visual cortex (V1). For instance, in SI and V1, the α1 subunit, which is present in the majori ...
... GABA Receptor Subunits and Sensory Deprivation GABAA receptors subunits comprise a family of at least 17 subunits (Davies et al., 1997). Each subunit is expressed in a particular laminar pattern in SI and visual cortex (V1). For instance, in SI and V1, the α1 subunit, which is present in the majori ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... disruption, a large fraction of thalamic projections gets derailed within the ventral telencephalon [28]. As these mice survive to adulthood they provide a unique model with normal cortical patterning but altered thalamic input during embryonic life. Our study reveals a changing pattern of thalamoco ...
... disruption, a large fraction of thalamic projections gets derailed within the ventral telencephalon [28]. As these mice survive to adulthood they provide a unique model with normal cortical patterning but altered thalamic input during embryonic life. Our study reveals a changing pattern of thalamoco ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... feedback from visual cortex, but it is still unclear how cortico-geniculate afferents regulate the flow of visual information to the cortex in the primate. Here we report the effects, on the gain of LGN neurons, of differentially stimulating the extraclassical receptive field, with feedback from the ...
... feedback from visual cortex, but it is still unclear how cortico-geniculate afferents regulate the flow of visual information to the cortex in the primate. Here we report the effects, on the gain of LGN neurons, of differentially stimulating the extraclassical receptive field, with feedback from the ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... Adrenoceptors (ARs) are members of the family of 7-transmembrane-domain guanine nucleotide protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are a significant pharmacological target in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The AR ...
... Adrenoceptors (ARs) are members of the family of 7-transmembrane-domain guanine nucleotide protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are a significant pharmacological target in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The AR ...
pdf file - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... relay cell axons terminating within the corresponding region of layer 4. Surprisingly, the receptive fields of LGN axons recorded within a given vertical penetration formed a region in visual space that was elongated parallel to the preferred orientation of cortical cells recorded in the same column ...
... relay cell axons terminating within the corresponding region of layer 4. Surprisingly, the receptive fields of LGN axons recorded within a given vertical penetration formed a region in visual space that was elongated parallel to the preferred orientation of cortical cells recorded in the same column ...
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... junction of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. The extent and precise location of damage to the optic tract will determine the resulting visual deficit. Tumors of the central nervous system may also affect the optic nerve. If the entire optic nerve is sectioned, all vision originatin ...
... junction of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. The extent and precise location of damage to the optic tract will determine the resulting visual deficit. Tumors of the central nervous system may also affect the optic nerve. If the entire optic nerve is sectioned, all vision originatin ...
May 21, 04.doc
... GABA Receptor Subunits and Sensory Deprivation GABAA receptors subunits comprise a family of at least 17 subunits (Davies et al., 1997). Each subunit is expressed in a particular laminar pattern in SI and visual cortex (V1). For instance, in SI and V1, the α1 subunit, which is present in the majori ...
... GABA Receptor Subunits and Sensory Deprivation GABAA receptors subunits comprise a family of at least 17 subunits (Davies et al., 1997). Each subunit is expressed in a particular laminar pattern in SI and visual cortex (V1). For instance, in SI and V1, the α1 subunit, which is present in the majori ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... In the study of these brainstem responses after a perinatal asphyxia, some authors found abnormalities in their ABR comparing to healthy infants. These differences included: elevated response threshold, increase in the wave latencies, brainstem´s conduction time, and interpeak intervals, a reduction ...
... In the study of these brainstem responses after a perinatal asphyxia, some authors found abnormalities in their ABR comparing to healthy infants. These differences included: elevated response threshold, increase in the wave latencies, brainstem´s conduction time, and interpeak intervals, a reduction ...
Growth and Functional Efficacy of Intrastriatal Nigral Transplants
... as assessed by TH immunohistochemistry (Fig. 3D–F,J–L). The total number of surviving TH-positive cells in the striatum varied between 3108 and 15,155. As seen in the scatterplot in Figure 6 A there was an overall trend toward poorer graft survival in animals with more restricted degeneration of the ...
... as assessed by TH immunohistochemistry (Fig. 3D–F,J–L). The total number of surviving TH-positive cells in the striatum varied between 3108 and 15,155. As seen in the scatterplot in Figure 6 A there was an overall trend toward poorer graft survival in animals with more restricted degeneration of the ...
Preferential Origin and Layer Destination of GAD65
... neuromodulators such as somatostatin or neuropeptide Y (Fairen et al., 1984; DeFelipe, 1993; Kubota et al., 1994; Gonchar and Burkhalter, 1997; Benes and Berretta, 2001). The synthesis of GABA from glutamate in the brain is dependent upon the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Two distinct isofor ...
... neuromodulators such as somatostatin or neuropeptide Y (Fairen et al., 1984; DeFelipe, 1993; Kubota et al., 1994; Gonchar and Burkhalter, 1997; Benes and Berretta, 2001). The synthesis of GABA from glutamate in the brain is dependent upon the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Two distinct isofor ...
031809.M1-CNS.HypothalmusLimbicSystem
... unlike many other endocrine tissues, the ant. pit. is so dependent on the hypothal that it is not tansplantable ...
... unlike many other endocrine tissues, the ant. pit. is so dependent on the hypothal that it is not tansplantable ...
PDF
... evidence supports this suggestion, still more recent data advocate a refinement of the Actor to include only the dorsolateral striatum (with the dorsomedial striatum implicated in a different form of goal-directed action selection that cannot be supported computationally by an Actor/Critic architect ...
... evidence supports this suggestion, still more recent data advocate a refinement of the Actor to include only the dorsolateral striatum (with the dorsomedial striatum implicated in a different form of goal-directed action selection that cannot be supported computationally by an Actor/Critic architect ...
Motion sensitive cells in the macaque superior
... sensitive to motion but unselective for the form of the moving stimulus. Cells were selected for further testing on the basis of whether ot not they responded to leftward or rightward movement at the projecting distance of 4 m from the monkey. Furtlaer testing comprised of recording cell responses t ...
... sensitive to motion but unselective for the form of the moving stimulus. Cells were selected for further testing on the basis of whether ot not they responded to leftward or rightward movement at the projecting distance of 4 m from the monkey. Furtlaer testing comprised of recording cell responses t ...
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons from the dorsal
... old age. Anat. Rec. 248:137–141, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: dLGN; aging; quantitative; size; shape The morphological, neurochemical, and physiological characteristics of the dLGN have been exhaustively studied from postnatal development (Guillery, 1966; Parnavelas et al., 1977; Heumann ...
... old age. Anat. Rec. 248:137–141, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: dLGN; aging; quantitative; size; shape The morphological, neurochemical, and physiological characteristics of the dLGN have been exhaustively studied from postnatal development (Guillery, 1966; Parnavelas et al., 1977; Heumann ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... Animals and surgery. The subjects of these experiments were 24 female Fischer 344 (2-l 5 month) and 42 female Sprague-Dawley (3-10 month) rats. Surgery was performed under deep anesthesia induced by a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), rompun (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 m&ml). The rat ...
... Animals and surgery. The subjects of these experiments were 24 female Fischer 344 (2-l 5 month) and 42 female Sprague-Dawley (3-10 month) rats. Surgery was performed under deep anesthesia induced by a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), rompun (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 m&ml). The rat ...
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing
... has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [33–35], and also provides a mechanism for the cortex to a ...
... has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [33–35], and also provides a mechanism for the cortex to a ...
Crocodilian Forebrain: Evolution and Development
... categories (see group 5, above) have been studied in greater detail. This analysis revealed additional features shared by three of these nuclei: reuniens pars centralis, rotundus, and medialis complex posterior. These similar features include: neural circuitry and topographic projection to the telen ...
... categories (see group 5, above) have been studied in greater detail. This analysis revealed additional features shared by three of these nuclei: reuniens pars centralis, rotundus, and medialis complex posterior. These similar features include: neural circuitry and topographic projection to the telen ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. These learning processes are thought to govern goal-directed and habitual actions, respectively, and have be ...
... tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. These learning processes are thought to govern goal-directed and habitual actions, respectively, and have be ...
How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns
... Analyzing visual scenes requires the visual system to integrate information from many sources. It is widely believed that the complex of visual areas outside the primary visual cortex (V1) performs such a synthesis, based on a hierarchical elaboration of the information represented by neurons in V1 ...
... Analyzing visual scenes requires the visual system to integrate information from many sources. It is widely believed that the complex of visual areas outside the primary visual cortex (V1) performs such a synthesis, based on a hierarchical elaboration of the information represented by neurons in V1 ...
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory
... with any other, and thus, inputs from a sensory surface may distribute randomly to the next level and still be useful if one adjusts synaptic (connectional) strengths to create the desired outcome. But neurons are very different from the components of electronic processors (see [25]). For neurons, i ...
... with any other, and thus, inputs from a sensory surface may distribute randomly to the next level and still be useful if one adjusts synaptic (connectional) strengths to create the desired outcome. But neurons are very different from the components of electronic processors (see [25]). For neurons, i ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...