Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal
... learning conditions with a visuo-motor control condition. In two learning conditions, the subjects learned either a sequence of finger movements with random timing or a sequence of timing with random use of fingers. In the third condition the subjects learned to execute a sequence of specific finger ...
... learning conditions with a visuo-motor control condition. In two learning conditions, the subjects learned either a sequence of finger movements with random timing or a sequence of timing with random use of fingers. In the third condition the subjects learned to execute a sequence of specific finger ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... 2010) and subcortical areas (e.g., Cui and Malpeli, 2003; Ma et al., 2013). However, the neurons examined in these studies were primarily involved in the formation of upto-date percepts, rather than in specifying the goals of the intercepting movements. For example, during catch-up saccades toward m ...
... 2010) and subcortical areas (e.g., Cui and Malpeli, 2003; Ma et al., 2013). However, the neurons examined in these studies were primarily involved in the formation of upto-date percepts, rather than in specifying the goals of the intercepting movements. For example, during catch-up saccades toward m ...
Neurophysiology of Swallow #2
... threshold that must be reached by specific “key stimuli” before it is triggered and its expression does not require previous learning. o It is different from a simple reflex in that it can not be elicited by isolated nerve activation (e.g., gag reflex) but must instead conform to a highly codified s ...
... threshold that must be reached by specific “key stimuli” before it is triggered and its expression does not require previous learning. o It is different from a simple reflex in that it can not be elicited by isolated nerve activation (e.g., gag reflex) but must instead conform to a highly codified s ...
Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... – Forms surface layer (cortex) over cerebrum and cerebellum – Forms nuclei deep within brain ...
... – Forms surface layer (cortex) over cerebrum and cerebellum – Forms nuclei deep within brain ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... decision about the surgery can be reached. In the early 1970s, recordings from single neurons in these patients were first performed by inserting microwires through the depth electrodes117. Part a of the figure shows a sketch of these electrodes, part b shows the continuous (high-pass filtered) data ...
... decision about the surgery can be reached. In the early 1970s, recordings from single neurons in these patients were first performed by inserting microwires through the depth electrodes117. Part a of the figure shows a sketch of these electrodes, part b shows the continuous (high-pass filtered) data ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... groups learned the conditioned-stimulus sucrose pairing equally well, showing a maximum response by conditioning trial 5 or 6 (Fig. 4b). After a retention interval t 2 ¼ 90 min, the two groups were tested with the conditioned stimulus (C), a similar odour (S, an aliphatic alcohol of different chain ...
... groups learned the conditioned-stimulus sucrose pairing equally well, showing a maximum response by conditioning trial 5 or 6 (Fig. 4b). After a retention interval t 2 ¼ 90 min, the two groups were tested with the conditioned stimulus (C), a similar odour (S, an aliphatic alcohol of different chain ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... U. Jürgens, S.R. Hage / Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
... U. Jürgens, S.R. Hage / Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
PDF file
... of a set of natural images. The stereo feature-detection cortex has a 6-layer laminar architecture (see Fig. 2). Each circle is a neuron. Activation level of the neurons is shown by the darkness of the circles. The diagram shows an instance of the network during training phase when the disparity of ...
... of a set of natural images. The stereo feature-detection cortex has a 6-layer laminar architecture (see Fig. 2). Each circle is a neuron. Activation level of the neurons is shown by the darkness of the circles. The diagram shows an instance of the network during training phase when the disparity of ...
Sliding
... time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensitizes the NMDAR so it does no reach the threshold for LTP. (contradicts 1) 3) Ca entry during the AP favours the production of endocannabinoids, which in turn reduces presynaptic release (LTD an ...
... time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensitizes the NMDAR so it does no reach the threshold for LTP. (contradicts 1) 3) Ca entry during the AP favours the production of endocannabinoids, which in turn reduces presynaptic release (LTD an ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... injection site and would therefore not lie in the same isofrequency band as the injection. The labeling appeared discrete with patches separated by - 1 mm over an up to 8mm range dominantly in layers I-III but also in layer V. Injections in layer IV produce axon collateral spread in layer I over a d ...
... injection site and would therefore not lie in the same isofrequency band as the injection. The labeling appeared discrete with patches separated by - 1 mm over an up to 8mm range dominantly in layers I-III but also in layer V. Injections in layer IV produce axon collateral spread in layer I over a d ...
Dynamics of extraclassical surround modulation in three types of V1
... Definition of modulatory cell types and their CRF. In our study, cells with suppressive, plateau, and facilitative extraclassical surrounds were defined on the basis of their tuning profiles to a series of gratings drifting within circular apertures of varying diameter. Each aperture was presented f ...
... Definition of modulatory cell types and their CRF. In our study, cells with suppressive, plateau, and facilitative extraclassical surrounds were defined on the basis of their tuning profiles to a series of gratings drifting within circular apertures of varying diameter. Each aperture was presented f ...
TINS04
... impaired auditory function following microgyri or ectopias[26,27]. Indeed, female rats showed normal auditory performance and did not show a similar anatomical disruption of the MGN in response to the microgyri, even though their cortical lesions were as widely distributed[22]. It was then found tha ...
... impaired auditory function following microgyri or ectopias[26,27]. Indeed, female rats showed normal auditory performance and did not show a similar anatomical disruption of the MGN in response to the microgyri, even though their cortical lesions were as widely distributed[22]. It was then found tha ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... is impaired in subjects with lesions including the pre-SMA [38] and in normal subjects when transcranial magnetic stimulation is applied over the pre-SMA [39]. Second, the human pre-SMA is activated when two procedures compete with each other [19,22,37]. Thus, the conflict associated with proactive ...
... is impaired in subjects with lesions including the pre-SMA [38] and in normal subjects when transcranial magnetic stimulation is applied over the pre-SMA [39]. Second, the human pre-SMA is activated when two procedures compete with each other [19,22,37]. Thus, the conflict associated with proactive ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... and the amount of data recorded from individual animals dramatically increased. This procedure was well tolerated by the ferrets as shown by their normal feeding and play behaviour. Electrophysiology Electrophysiological recordings in extrastriate visual cortex were performed with tungsten in glass ...
... and the amount of data recorded from individual animals dramatically increased. This procedure was well tolerated by the ferrets as shown by their normal feeding and play behaviour. Electrophysiology Electrophysiological recordings in extrastriate visual cortex were performed with tungsten in glass ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... GABA Receptor Subunits and Sensory Deprivation GABAA receptors subunits comprise a family of at least 17 subunits (Davies et al., 1997). Each subunit is expressed in a particular laminar pattern in SI and visual cortex (V1). For instance, in SI and V1, the α1 subunit, which is present in the majori ...
... GABA Receptor Subunits and Sensory Deprivation GABAA receptors subunits comprise a family of at least 17 subunits (Davies et al., 1997). Each subunit is expressed in a particular laminar pattern in SI and visual cortex (V1). For instance, in SI and V1, the α1 subunit, which is present in the majori ...
Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop
... a GABAA receptor agonist, abolished the validity effect. The ILN and midbrain reticular formation were found to be specifically activated in human subjects when they transitioned from a relaxed awake state to the performance of an attention-demanding reaction time task (Kinomura et al., 1996). The r ...
... a GABAA receptor agonist, abolished the validity effect. The ILN and midbrain reticular formation were found to be specifically activated in human subjects when they transitioned from a relaxed awake state to the performance of an attention-demanding reaction time task (Kinomura et al., 1996). The r ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center of the soma and off-line from pictures taken with a CCD camera and frame ...
... easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center of the soma and off-line from pictures taken with a CCD camera and frame ...
The neural mechanisms of top- down attentional control
... Selective attention enables us to focus awareness on objects and events that are relevant to our immediate goals. Spatial attention, the selective direction of visual attention toward a location, can occur covertly, without overt movements of the head or eyes. Theoretically, mechanisms of covert, vo ...
... Selective attention enables us to focus awareness on objects and events that are relevant to our immediate goals. Spatial attention, the selective direction of visual attention toward a location, can occur covertly, without overt movements of the head or eyes. Theoretically, mechanisms of covert, vo ...
PDF
... stimulus is applied before, or coincident with, a prepared voluntary action (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; MacKinnon et al., 2007; Ravichandran et al., 2013). When an action has been prepared, the pattern of muscle activity evoked by a loud auditory stimulus closely resembles that of the prepared movemen ...
... stimulus is applied before, or coincident with, a prepared voluntary action (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; MacKinnon et al., 2007; Ravichandran et al., 2013). When an action has been prepared, the pattern of muscle activity evoked by a loud auditory stimulus closely resembles that of the prepared movemen ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... often crossed the vertical meridian well into the ipsilateral field, and were not visuotopically organized. However, since this region was only a small portion of the inferior temporal convexity, it could have been the central portion of a much larger visuotopically organized area extending anterior ...
... often crossed the vertical meridian well into the ipsilateral field, and were not visuotopically organized. However, since this region was only a small portion of the inferior temporal convexity, it could have been the central portion of a much larger visuotopically organized area extending anterior ...
Running Improves Pattern Separation during Novel Object
... molecular layer. As a consequence there might be a 4times larger chance for the formation of new synapses of young cells with axon terminals projecting from the entorhinal cortex. Taken together, the data not only show that the animals make use of running wheels, leading to the well-known increase i ...
... molecular layer. As a consequence there might be a 4times larger chance for the formation of new synapses of young cells with axon terminals projecting from the entorhinal cortex. Taken together, the data not only show that the animals make use of running wheels, leading to the well-known increase i ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... In the real world events do not occur in isolation but are combined in a variety of ways. In the first experiment we assess whether our model is able to develop specific and stable representations under these circumstances. The initial weights of the synapses from thalamic neurons to cortical excita ...
... In the real world events do not occur in isolation but are combined in a variety of ways. In the first experiment we assess whether our model is able to develop specific and stable representations under these circumstances. The initial weights of the synapses from thalamic neurons to cortical excita ...