Theory - ocedtheories
... strengthens the desired response. It could be verbal praise, a good grade or a feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction. The theory also covers negative reinforcers -- any stimulus that ...
... strengthens the desired response. It could be verbal praise, a good grade or a feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction. The theory also covers negative reinforcers -- any stimulus that ...
05-schedules - Educational Psychology Interactive
... The study of the of consequences on Ivanimpact Pavlov—Russian scientist voluntary behavior. trained in biology and medicine The addition and/or subtraction of Studied digestive system in dogs consequences is done according to different schedules • Continuous • Intermittent ...
... The study of the of consequences on Ivanimpact Pavlov—Russian scientist voluntary behavior. trained in biology and medicine The addition and/or subtraction of Studied digestive system in dogs consequences is done according to different schedules • Continuous • Intermittent ...
Chapter 5 PowerPoint
... responses emitted • Fixed ratio (FR)—a reinforcer is delivered after a certain (fixed) number of correct responses • Variable ratio (VR)—a reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses, but varies from trial to trial ...
... responses emitted • Fixed ratio (FR)—a reinforcer is delivered after a certain (fixed) number of correct responses • Variable ratio (VR)—a reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses, but varies from trial to trial ...
learning - Science of Psychology Home
... about the power of classical conditioning. Many human behaviors are learned in other ways. Still, classical conditioning does play an important role in conditioning reflexes and emotional behaviors. It gives a scientific explanation of why children become afraid of the dark and why many of us tense ...
... about the power of classical conditioning. Many human behaviors are learned in other ways. Still, classical conditioning does play an important role in conditioning reflexes and emotional behaviors. It gives a scientific explanation of why children become afraid of the dark and why many of us tense ...
Operant Conditioning, 1
... § events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy a biological need ...
... § events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy a biological need ...
Cognition and Operant Conditioning
... the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do the person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task ...
... the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do the person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task ...
Learning
... • Discrimination: CR not given to stimuli that are dissimilar to the CS • Extinction: If the CS is presented repeatedly without being followed by the UCS, the CR will diminish or cease • Spontaneous Recovery: Following extinction, the CR will spontaneously re-appear after a delay ...
... • Discrimination: CR not given to stimuli that are dissimilar to the CS • Extinction: If the CS is presented repeatedly without being followed by the UCS, the CR will diminish or cease • Spontaneous Recovery: Following extinction, the CR will spontaneously re-appear after a delay ...
Associative Learning
... • Discrimination: CR not given to stimuli that are dissimilar to the CS • Extinction: If the CS is presented repeatedly without being followed by the UCS, the CR will diminish or cease • Spontaneous Recovery: Following extinction, the CR will spontaneously re-appear after a delay ...
... • Discrimination: CR not given to stimuli that are dissimilar to the CS • Extinction: If the CS is presented repeatedly without being followed by the UCS, the CR will diminish or cease • Spontaneous Recovery: Following extinction, the CR will spontaneously re-appear after a delay ...
a learned response - Plain Local Schools
... of reinforcement in which changing amount of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement each time Ex: Trying to reach a friend and goes straight to voicemail. The number of times you continue to try and call will determine roughly how often you try the phone again…and again ...
... of reinforcement in which changing amount of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement each time Ex: Trying to reach a friend and goes straight to voicemail. The number of times you continue to try and call will determine roughly how often you try the phone again…and again ...
Module10OperantandCognitiveApproaches
... Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 10: Operant & Cognitive Approaches ...
... Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 10: Operant & Cognitive Approaches ...
Shaping: A Behavior-Modification Tool That Helps Change Behavior
... Shaping is a conditioning paradigm used primarily in the experimental analysis of behavior. The method used is differential reinforcement of successive approximations. It was introduced by B.F. Skinner[1] with pigeons and extended to dogs, dolphins, humans and other species. In shaping, the form of ...
... Shaping is a conditioning paradigm used primarily in the experimental analysis of behavior. The method used is differential reinforcement of successive approximations. It was introduced by B.F. Skinner[1] with pigeons and extended to dogs, dolphins, humans and other species. In shaping, the form of ...
d_Study Guide_Classical-Operant Conditioning - psy1
... In operant conditioning, people learn to do certain things—and not to do others— ...
... In operant conditioning, people learn to do certain things—and not to do others— ...
Chapter Excerpt
... Rene Descartes (1596-1650) believed that the physical world behaved according to patterns and natural laws. However, Descartes did not believe the human mind and its processes could be observed or predicted, because the mind does not follow natural laws. He envisioned an interaction between the mind ...
... Rene Descartes (1596-1650) believed that the physical world behaved according to patterns and natural laws. However, Descartes did not believe the human mind and its processes could be observed or predicted, because the mind does not follow natural laws. He envisioned an interaction between the mind ...
Learning
... • Systematic Desensitization – associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. – EX: Fear of public speaking – Construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering speaking situations, speaking up in a small group of friends to panic provoking situations, such as hav ...
... • Systematic Desensitization – associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. – EX: Fear of public speaking – Construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering speaking situations, speaking up in a small group of friends to panic provoking situations, such as hav ...
Conditioning Review
... • Extinction- the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced • Shaping- procedure in which rein forcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior (Clicker in dog training) • Primary Reinforcer- an ...
... • Extinction- the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced • Shaping- procedure in which rein forcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior (Clicker in dog training) • Primary Reinforcer- an ...
l.2_behavior_modification_ppt
... 3- Reinforcer size: The size(magnitude)of reinforcer is an important determinant of its effectiveness. Ex: Many of teenagers would likely be unwilling to eat fruits for 10 SR but many ...
... 3- Reinforcer size: The size(magnitude)of reinforcer is an important determinant of its effectiveness. Ex: Many of teenagers would likely be unwilling to eat fruits for 10 SR but many ...
rl.
... B) positive reinforcement and punishment. E) observational learning and spontaneous recovery. C) classical and operant conditioning. 21. After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of: A) secondary reinforcement. ...
... B) positive reinforcement and punishment. E) observational learning and spontaneous recovery. C) classical and operant conditioning. 21. After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of: A) secondary reinforcement. ...
Psychological Perspectives
... • Behaviour followed by favourable consequences would cause the behaviour to be repeated • One followed by negative consequences would result in the behaviour being less likely in future • How quick can the cat escape from the box? ...
... • Behaviour followed by favourable consequences would cause the behaviour to be repeated • One followed by negative consequences would result in the behaviour being less likely in future • How quick can the cat escape from the box? ...
Learning - WW Norton & Company
... stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur – Example: electrical shock, speeding ticket – Negative punishment: The removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur – Example: loss of food, loss of privileges ...
... stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur – Example: electrical shock, speeding ticket – Negative punishment: The removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur – Example: loss of food, loss of privileges ...
Psychological and economic considerations of rewards programs
... value to the consumer, and because the reward is given in response to a certain behavior – in this case executing some transaction(s) – that behavior will be more likely to occur again in the future. This description of rewards programs certainly fits the classic definition of positive reinforcement. ...
... value to the consumer, and because the reward is given in response to a certain behavior – in this case executing some transaction(s) – that behavior will be more likely to occur again in the future. This description of rewards programs certainly fits the classic definition of positive reinforcement. ...
Chapter 7 Learning
... never been associated with food. Discrimination is also useful—if we do try the purple berries, and if they do not make us sick, we will be able to make the distinction in the future. And we can learn that although the two people in our class, Courtney and Sarah, may look a lot alike, they are never ...
... never been associated with food. Discrimination is also useful—if we do try the purple berries, and if they do not make us sick, we will be able to make the distinction in the future. And we can learn that although the two people in our class, Courtney and Sarah, may look a lot alike, they are never ...
Behavior Modification: Introduction and Implications
... of rabbits was overcome by systematically bringing a rabbit closer to him while he was eating food that he liked. The counterconditioning of this specific fear also generalized to other previously feared objects. Behavior modification's birth has been traced by many psychological historians to these ...
... of rabbits was overcome by systematically bringing a rabbit closer to him while he was eating food that he liked. The counterconditioning of this specific fear also generalized to other previously feared objects. Behavior modification's birth has been traced by many psychological historians to these ...
File
... influenced him to study philosophy, then psychology) Not into introspection Taught comparative psychology at Berkeley Worked for pre CIA Anti-Communism Oath: employees of Berkeley had to take this oath in order to keep their jobs. Tolman refused along with others and then they sued the school. They ...
... influenced him to study philosophy, then psychology) Not into introspection Taught comparative psychology at Berkeley Worked for pre CIA Anti-Communism Oath: employees of Berkeley had to take this oath in order to keep their jobs. Tolman refused along with others and then they sued the school. They ...
Learning Process PPT
... performing certain actions or when observing another doing so may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy ...
... performing certain actions or when observing another doing so may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy ...
Advanced Topics in Behavioral Safety
... • An excellent study by John Austin, Western Michigan, showed that observers improve their own behavior by 75% over a baseline • Interestingly safety training was shown to have no effect on performance in the same study Austin, chapter in “The values based safety process (2nd ed.)”. New York: Van No ...
... • An excellent study by John Austin, Western Michigan, showed that observers improve their own behavior by 75% over a baseline • Interestingly safety training was shown to have no effect on performance in the same study Austin, chapter in “The values based safety process (2nd ed.)”. New York: Van No ...