DNA Microarrays in Brain Research
... Research Project: Layer-specific cortical gene expression Current Position: Senior Research Principal, U of Pittsburgh Role in training: Major advisor Name: Krassimira Garbett Training period: 09/2006 - ongoing Degree: Ph.D. Institution: Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Research Project: Gene expre ...
... Research Project: Layer-specific cortical gene expression Current Position: Senior Research Principal, U of Pittsburgh Role in training: Major advisor Name: Krassimira Garbett Training period: 09/2006 - ongoing Degree: Ph.D. Institution: Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Research Project: Gene expre ...
Wired for reproduction: Organization and Development of Sexually
... testosterone results in permanent anovulatory sterility. Evidence from a variety of experimental approaches indicates that sex steroids act at the level of the preoptic region during postnatal life to organize the neural pathways controlling preovulatory gonadotropin secretion. The AVPV is a likely ...
... testosterone results in permanent anovulatory sterility. Evidence from a variety of experimental approaches indicates that sex steroids act at the level of the preoptic region during postnatal life to organize the neural pathways controlling preovulatory gonadotropin secretion. The AVPV is a likely ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... be from the effects of impalement (Wilson and Groves 1981). Extracellular recording combined with iontophoretic application of excitatory neurotransmitters has also revealed a large population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from ...
... be from the effects of impalement (Wilson and Groves 1981). Extracellular recording combined with iontophoretic application of excitatory neurotransmitters has also revealed a large population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitectur ...
... syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitectur ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... fear and disgust, but are neither sufficient nor necessary for their experience. Conversely, emotions in both categories engage a much wider array of systems assumed to have cognitive, perceptual, and sensory functions [12], and damage to these systems can profoundly affect emotionality [26,27]. Thi ...
... fear and disgust, but are neither sufficient nor necessary for their experience. Conversely, emotions in both categories engage a much wider array of systems assumed to have cognitive, perceptual, and sensory functions [12], and damage to these systems can profoundly affect emotionality [26,27]. Thi ...
the spinal cord and spinal nerves
... Nervous tissue is one of the four main tissue types. It acts together with the endocrine system to regulate homeostasis in the body. The nervous system has many similarities with the endocrine system, and they control of the activities of the body to keep it within optimal limits. However, the nervo ...
... Nervous tissue is one of the four main tissue types. It acts together with the endocrine system to regulate homeostasis in the body. The nervous system has many similarities with the endocrine system, and they control of the activities of the body to keep it within optimal limits. However, the nervo ...
PowerPoint
... spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts (Figures 14.1, 14.5). – relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. – contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic areas, which help control respiration a ...
... spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts (Figures 14.1, 14.5). – relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. – contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic areas, which help control respiration a ...
Activity of Ventral Medial Thalamic Neurons during
... current was slowly increased while the electrode was advanced toward the neuron in 1 m steps (LSS-1000 Inchworm Motor Positioning System; Burleigh Instruments, Fishers, NY) until the cell discharge was driven by the injected current. Current pulses were applied for a 10 –30 min period to obtain a r ...
... current was slowly increased while the electrode was advanced toward the neuron in 1 m steps (LSS-1000 Inchworm Motor Positioning System; Burleigh Instruments, Fishers, NY) until the cell discharge was driven by the injected current. Current pulses were applied for a 10 –30 min period to obtain a r ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... mild but reproducible deficit in motor coordination on the rotarod (Kim et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). However, this motor coordination phenotype does not appear to affect their performance in the visual water task, as both the constitutive NgR1 mutant and conditional NgR1 mutants display performa ...
... mild but reproducible deficit in motor coordination on the rotarod (Kim et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). However, this motor coordination phenotype does not appear to affect their performance in the visual water task, as both the constitutive NgR1 mutant and conditional NgR1 mutants display performa ...
Document
... • Researchers have long been struck by the fact that the highest proportion of REM sleep is seen during the most active phase of brain development. ...
... • Researchers have long been struck by the fact that the highest proportion of REM sleep is seen during the most active phase of brain development. ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... respond only to the pleasantness of a sensory stimulus, and not to its identity, to its meaning, or to the context in which the stimulus appears. When neurons encode only one variable, other neurons may easily read out the information represented, and the representation can, in principle, be modified ...
... respond only to the pleasantness of a sensory stimulus, and not to its identity, to its meaning, or to the context in which the stimulus appears. When neurons encode only one variable, other neurons may easily read out the information represented, and the representation can, in principle, be modified ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 2Division of Informatics, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Pr ...
... Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 2Division of Informatics, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Pr ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... temporal and parietal lobes; responsible for ability to understand language Figure 12.5 Structure of the cerebral cortex (left hemisphere, lateral view). © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... temporal and parietal lobes; responsible for ability to understand language Figure 12.5 Structure of the cerebral cortex (left hemisphere, lateral view). © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... dynamic competition, and that MEPs elicited with TMS over M1 may thus provide suitable readouts of the dynamic changes occurring during action preparation (Bestmann and Krakauer 2015). Because in many situations several control processes are likely to exert their influence on the motor system at the ...
... dynamic competition, and that MEPs elicited with TMS over M1 may thus provide suitable readouts of the dynamic changes occurring during action preparation (Bestmann and Krakauer 2015). Because in many situations several control processes are likely to exert their influence on the motor system at the ...
Here is a link
... this neuronal unit, the microelectrodes ME1 and ME2 are inserted. At the same time, the extracellular electrodes E1 and E2 are located at the surface and at the deeper end of the neuronal element. The potentials picked up from the intra- and extracellular electrodes are shown in the vicinity of each ...
... this neuronal unit, the microelectrodes ME1 and ME2 are inserted. At the same time, the extracellular electrodes E1 and E2 are located at the surface and at the deeper end of the neuronal element. The potentials picked up from the intra- and extracellular electrodes are shown in the vicinity of each ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
striatum
... Ventral striatum Ventral pallidum / subst. Nigra Thalamus (mediodorsal nc.) – Prefrontal cortex Circuit might be crucial for the learning and executionof reward – related behavior ...
... Ventral striatum Ventral pallidum / subst. Nigra Thalamus (mediodorsal nc.) – Prefrontal cortex Circuit might be crucial for the learning and executionof reward – related behavior ...
The Development of Ocular Dominance Columns
... "Ocular dominance patches" or "colwnns" are the names given to these alternate patches or stripes of input serving the two eyes (figure 1). The profound influence of neural activity on their development and plasticity makes them an excellent model system for studies of the organization of connection ...
... "Ocular dominance patches" or "colwnns" are the names given to these alternate patches or stripes of input serving the two eyes (figure 1). The profound influence of neural activity on their development and plasticity makes them an excellent model system for studies of the organization of connection ...
PDF of this article
... in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, explanation for the PD-related subthalamic hyperactivity should be considered. As mentioned above, emerg ...
... in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, explanation for the PD-related subthalamic hyperactivity should be considered. As mentioned above, emerg ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or GC exposure appear more uniform. Chronic stress consistently impairs measures of brain function. For example, chronic ...
... [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or GC exposure appear more uniform. Chronic stress consistently impairs measures of brain function. For example, chronic ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... in the treatment of amphetamine-induced psychosis and schizophrenia [neuroleptics or antipsychotic drugs (APDs)] decreased DA activity, and their clinical potency was correlated with their potency in blocking D2 receptors (Carlsson and Lindquist 1963; Creese et al. 1976; Hyttel et al. 1985; Farde et ...
... in the treatment of amphetamine-induced psychosis and schizophrenia [neuroleptics or antipsychotic drugs (APDs)] decreased DA activity, and their clinical potency was correlated with their potency in blocking D2 receptors (Carlsson and Lindquist 1963; Creese et al. 1976; Hyttel et al. 1985; Farde et ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
Through the looking glass: counter
... systems that showed counter-mirror actions (e.g. foot movements when she moved her hands), then she would develop a counter-mirror system. When she observed an action, those areas that normally develop into the mirror system would show activation associated with execution of a different action. Rath ...
... systems that showed counter-mirror actions (e.g. foot movements when she moved her hands), then she would develop a counter-mirror system. When she observed an action, those areas that normally develop into the mirror system would show activation associated with execution of a different action. Rath ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.