Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also evaluated early postnatal cortical neurons during their growt ...
... current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also evaluated early postnatal cortical neurons during their growt ...
hoofdstuk 8 - VU-dare
... adults. However, there is evidence that psychopathy is best described by a set of relatively independent personality dimensions, i.e. callous-unemotional, grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible traits, which can be reliably detected in juveniles, allowing investigation of the neural mech ...
... adults. However, there is evidence that psychopathy is best described by a set of relatively independent personality dimensions, i.e. callous-unemotional, grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible traits, which can be reliably detected in juveniles, allowing investigation of the neural mech ...
Csercsa Richárd
... There are several theories of what could cause the change in arousal as well as in cortical excitability during sleep. There are two classical conceptions: the passive and the active hypothesis. According to the passive hypothesis, the default arousal state is sleep, and it is a result of a decrease ...
... There are several theories of what could cause the change in arousal as well as in cortical excitability during sleep. There are two classical conceptions: the passive and the active hypothesis. According to the passive hypothesis, the default arousal state is sleep, and it is a result of a decrease ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... The accurate role of dopamine release in the neuropharmacology of wake-promoting agents remains unclear; however, the aim of this review is to point out that, despite partially different mechanisms of action, the most powerful stimulant agents (ie, amphetamine-like stimulants) as well as those that ...
... The accurate role of dopamine release in the neuropharmacology of wake-promoting agents remains unclear; however, the aim of this review is to point out that, despite partially different mechanisms of action, the most powerful stimulant agents (ie, amphetamine-like stimulants) as well as those that ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Feedback systems are characterized by their gain. A high-gain system acts vigorously to minimize deviations from the optimal target state. However, high-gain systems may be unstable if there are large delays across the loop, for example from sensory neurons to interneuron(s) P.657 to motor neurons t ...
... Feedback systems are characterized by their gain. A high-gain system acts vigorously to minimize deviations from the optimal target state. However, high-gain systems may be unstable if there are large delays across the loop, for example from sensory neurons to interneuron(s) P.657 to motor neurons t ...
Altered cortical and subcortical connectivity due to infrasound
... be processed by the auditory system, since the human hearing range is commonly quoted to only span frequencies from about 20 to 20000 Hz [1]. This view was supported by a number of studies conducted in animals as well as in humans demonstrating that the auditory system is equipped with several shun ...
... be processed by the auditory system, since the human hearing range is commonly quoted to only span frequencies from about 20 to 20000 Hz [1]. This view was supported by a number of studies conducted in animals as well as in humans demonstrating that the auditory system is equipped with several shun ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... density was slightly higher in childhood ASD patients than controls (mean ± SD: 12.32 ± 0.60 spines/10 mm in ASD cases versus 11.37 ± 0.68 spines/10 mm in controls) but markedly higher in adolescent ASD patients than controls (10.33 ± 0.74 spines/ 10 mm in ASD cases versus 6.24 ± 0.59 spines/10 mm i ...
... density was slightly higher in childhood ASD patients than controls (mean ± SD: 12.32 ± 0.60 spines/10 mm in ASD cases versus 11.37 ± 0.68 spines/10 mm in controls) but markedly higher in adolescent ASD patients than controls (10.33 ± 0.74 spines/ 10 mm in ASD cases versus 6.24 ± 0.59 spines/10 mm i ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... have a role in re-normalizing synapses (down-scaling), allowing for a new learning cycle. The hypothesis of synaptic potentiations suggests that locally regulated sleep-related events may help potentiating (up-scaling) specific connections in order to favor memory consolidation. ...
... have a role in re-normalizing synapses (down-scaling), allowing for a new learning cycle. The hypothesis of synaptic potentiations suggests that locally regulated sleep-related events may help potentiating (up-scaling) specific connections in order to favor memory consolidation. ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
PowerPoint Presentation - University of South Alabama
... functions that can no longer be performed are the ones the region previously controlled. ...
... functions that can no longer be performed are the ones the region previously controlled. ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... and head size. In the juvenile ferret, auditory cortex neurons can display adult-like spatial coding properties when activated with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on audito ...
... and head size. In the juvenile ferret, auditory cortex neurons can display adult-like spatial coding properties when activated with dichotic stimuli that reflect the filtering characteristic of adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on audito ...
Richard Thompson
... graduate program then was Darwinian. I believe more than 30 began in my graduate class and 6 received their Ph.D. As was true of many others, my interests in brain substrates of memory were greatly stimulated by Donald Hebb's remarkable book The Organization of Behavior (1949). Hebb tried to reconci ...
... graduate program then was Darwinian. I believe more than 30 began in my graduate class and 6 received their Ph.D. As was true of many others, my interests in brain substrates of memory were greatly stimulated by Donald Hebb's remarkable book The Organization of Behavior (1949). Hebb tried to reconci ...
Estrogenic influences in pain processing Linköping University Post Print
... differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. T ...
... differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. T ...
08. pons + midbrain
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep. ...
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep. ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...
... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...
Complete nervous system 11
... General Functions of the Nervous System A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconsci ...
... General Functions of the Nervous System A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconsci ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... 13. Which statement is not consistent with Darwin’s view of evolution? a. Different species arouse from a common ancestor. b. Humans and chimps share at least 98% of their DNA. c. Present day humans descended from a creature that split off from apes. d. Humans belong to their own, unique family tree ...
... 13. Which statement is not consistent with Darwin’s view of evolution? a. Different species arouse from a common ancestor. b. Humans and chimps share at least 98% of their DNA. c. Present day humans descended from a creature that split off from apes. d. Humans belong to their own, unique family tree ...
PDF
... mapping. The presence of orderly tonotopic representations is a key feature of the three core areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary audit ...
... mapping. The presence of orderly tonotopic representations is a key feature of the three core areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary audit ...
Psilocybin Final Project-PDF
... more open to new experiences on a long term scale. • The Results: • Psilocybin never increased activity in the brain • Psilocybin only decreased activity in the thalamus • Knocking out this key hub with Psilocybin appears to allow information to travel more freely in the ...
... more open to new experiences on a long term scale. • The Results: • Psilocybin never increased activity in the brain • Psilocybin only decreased activity in the thalamus • Knocking out this key hub with Psilocybin appears to allow information to travel more freely in the ...
Where in the brain is morality?
... contrasting moral to nonmoral stimuli, Greene and colleagues compared different kinds of moral dilemmas to each other (Greene, Sommerville, Nystrom, Darley, & Cohen, 2001). Moral dilemmas could be either “personal,” that is, highly emotionally salient (e.g., pushing a man off a bridge so that his bo ...
... contrasting moral to nonmoral stimuli, Greene and colleagues compared different kinds of moral dilemmas to each other (Greene, Sommerville, Nystrom, Darley, & Cohen, 2001). Moral dilemmas could be either “personal,” that is, highly emotionally salient (e.g., pushing a man off a bridge so that his bo ...
Slides - Computational Brain Imaging Group
... • Each trial consisted of a warning cue and anticipation period (8 seconds), stimulation (10 seconds), and a pain-recall and rating period (4 seconds), with periods of rest before and after recall. • Sensitivity and specificity to physical pain were assessed using leave-onesubject-out cross-validate ...
... • Each trial consisted of a warning cue and anticipation period (8 seconds), stimulation (10 seconds), and a pain-recall and rating period (4 seconds), with periods of rest before and after recall. • Sensitivity and specificity to physical pain were assessed using leave-onesubject-out cross-validate ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... that the precentral motor field contained a complete map of the body. A large part of the body map was located in cytoarchitectonic area 4. However, the representation of axial body musculature was located in the caudal part of area 6. In fact, it was principally the presence of axial representation ...
... that the precentral motor field contained a complete map of the body. A large part of the body map was located in cytoarchitectonic area 4. However, the representation of axial body musculature was located in the caudal part of area 6. In fact, it was principally the presence of axial representation ...
body proportions in infancy and early childhood
... Kuther, Lifespan Development. © 2017, SAGE Publications. ...
... Kuther, Lifespan Development. © 2017, SAGE Publications. ...
A magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of obsessive
... caudate in adult OCD. Second, we sampled the OFWM since, despite frequent findings of abnormalities in the orbital gyrus using other imaging techniques (Saxena et al., 2001), only one study has used MRS to examine the prefrontal cortex in pediatric OCD (Russell et al., 2003). To our knowledge, no st ...
... caudate in adult OCD. Second, we sampled the OFWM since, despite frequent findings of abnormalities in the orbital gyrus using other imaging techniques (Saxena et al., 2001), only one study has used MRS to examine the prefrontal cortex in pediatric OCD (Russell et al., 2003). To our knowledge, no st ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.