A Critical Review of Secondary Neurodegeneration
... molecular structure that allows it to assume a large variety of configurations within the central nervous system, each of which appears to result in quite distinct biological effects [13,14]. This issue of specificity with respect to configuration state of amyloid-β is not simply academic matter for ...
... molecular structure that allows it to assume a large variety of configurations within the central nervous system, each of which appears to result in quite distinct biological effects [13,14]. This issue of specificity with respect to configuration state of amyloid-β is not simply academic matter for ...
The Role Of The Cervical Spine In Sports Concussion And Post
... objects, with the momentum of a collision remaining constant as long as no other external forces apply. An example of which would be the athlete’s head or body striking the turf as they are hit or hit by the other athlete. 11 Finally, where the athlete is hit also plays a factor. If an athlete is st ...
... objects, with the momentum of a collision remaining constant as long as no other external forces apply. An example of which would be the athlete’s head or body striking the turf as they are hit or hit by the other athlete. 11 Finally, where the athlete is hit also plays a factor. If an athlete is st ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... The network has to learn that synapses have strong weights only in response to the appropriate weights in the recurrent network A learning rule that can associate the recent movement of the activity packet: need to have a trace (short-term memory) in the nodes which is related to the recent moveme ...
... The network has to learn that synapses have strong weights only in response to the appropriate weights in the recurrent network A learning rule that can associate the recent movement of the activity packet: need to have a trace (short-term memory) in the nodes which is related to the recent moveme ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... Key Words: rats, spontaneously hypertensive 䡲 rats, inbred WKY 䡲 central nervous system 䡲 blood pressure 䡲 baroreflex 䡲 glutamate receptor ...
... Key Words: rats, spontaneously hypertensive 䡲 rats, inbred WKY 䡲 central nervous system 䡲 blood pressure 䡲 baroreflex 䡲 glutamate receptor ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... the lower motor neurons in the medial ventral horn, have axons that project to many spinal cord segments; indeed, some project to targets along the entire length of the cord. Moreover, many of these local circuit neurons also have axonal branches that cross the midline in the commissure of the spina ...
... the lower motor neurons in the medial ventral horn, have axons that project to many spinal cord segments; indeed, some project to targets along the entire length of the cord. Moreover, many of these local circuit neurons also have axonal branches that cross the midline in the commissure of the spina ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
... Incorrect. Down syndrome is not an adaptive quality of human beings; rather, it is an illness that is caused by having one too many chromosomes. d. language Correct. The ability to use language as a means of communication is certainly adaptive to human beings. e. the ability to program a cell phone ...
The neurobiology of Meditation and its clinical effectiveness in
... left frontal regions. This is in line with the evidence for a role of the left frontal lobe in positive emotions whereas the right prefrontal lobe plays a greater role in negative ones (Canli et al., 1998). The intensity of mental activity correlated negatively with theta activity over frontal and m ...
... left frontal regions. This is in line with the evidence for a role of the left frontal lobe in positive emotions whereas the right prefrontal lobe plays a greater role in negative ones (Canli et al., 1998). The intensity of mental activity correlated negatively with theta activity over frontal and m ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... finding of highly task-correlated activation in premotor areas, and also confirmed that primary motor cortex was not specifically involved in mental rotation of abstract objects. Notably, this finding has recently been supported by results from various other groups (e.g., de Lange et al., 2005; Ecke ...
... finding of highly task-correlated activation in premotor areas, and also confirmed that primary motor cortex was not specifically involved in mental rotation of abstract objects. Notably, this finding has recently been supported by results from various other groups (e.g., de Lange et al., 2005; Ecke ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
Functional Independence of Layer IV Barrels in
... local, intrabarrel processing of multiwhisker thalamic inputs (Simons and Carvell 1989). In both visual and somatosensory cortices, horizontal connections are thought to contribute substantially to receptive field properties in nongranular layers. To what extent do neighboring local circuits functio ...
... local, intrabarrel processing of multiwhisker thalamic inputs (Simons and Carvell 1989). In both visual and somatosensory cortices, horizontal connections are thought to contribute substantially to receptive field properties in nongranular layers. To what extent do neighboring local circuits functio ...
Nap, a Novel Member of the Pentraxin Family, Promotes Neurite
... as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent plasticity are known to be initiated by rapid, transmitter- ...
... as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent plasticity are known to be initiated by rapid, transmitter- ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... Learning Objective 2.2 - How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? 34. The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called ________. a) axon terminals Incorrect. The axon terminals are limb-like structures. b) synapses c ...
... Learning Objective 2.2 - How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? 34. The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called ________. a) axon terminals Incorrect. The axon terminals are limb-like structures. b) synapses c ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... others 2001, 2004). Using a wide array of stimuli, it has been shown that a consistent feature of these areas is a preferential activation to face images compared with other object categories, although the exact role of such selectivity is still debated (Kanwisher and others 1997; Gauthier and other ...
... others 2001, 2004). Using a wide array of stimuli, it has been shown that a consistent feature of these areas is a preferential activation to face images compared with other object categories, although the exact role of such selectivity is still debated (Kanwisher and others 1997; Gauthier and other ...
Olfactory maps, circuits and computations
... molecular feature encoding within discrete glomeruli) with the notion that continuous sensory maps are often built in two-dimensional sheets, raising the possibility that the bulb contains a topographically-organized map for smell not so different from topographic maps for other sensory modalities. ...
... molecular feature encoding within discrete glomeruli) with the notion that continuous sensory maps are often built in two-dimensional sheets, raising the possibility that the bulb contains a topographically-organized map for smell not so different from topographic maps for other sensory modalities. ...
THESIS D - Krishikosh
... College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required. I was fortunate to get devoted and selfless help from my departmental colleagues Dr. Sirsikar, Dr. Gedam, Dr. Sukhdeve, Sriniwas, Khandate, Pawan Kawareti and Jigyasa Rana at various stages of my research work and my post gradu ...
... College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required. I was fortunate to get devoted and selfless help from my departmental colleagues Dr. Sirsikar, Dr. Gedam, Dr. Sukhdeve, Sriniwas, Khandate, Pawan Kawareti and Jigyasa Rana at various stages of my research work and my post gradu ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... activity generated in higher order structures develops. In our view, some of these neurodynamic sequences favored by mesolimbic DA express a specific disposition to explore, seek and approach the environment (the seeking emotion). They are interiorized, instinctual, procedural and dynamic structures ...
... activity generated in higher order structures develops. In our view, some of these neurodynamic sequences favored by mesolimbic DA express a specific disposition to explore, seek and approach the environment (the seeking emotion). They are interiorized, instinctual, procedural and dynamic structures ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... The modern mammalian brain is built upon ancient emotional subsystems [53]. These systems, which come hardwired at birth, ensure that animals are able to find food, avoid predators, reproduce, and generally meet their basic needs [53]. Recently in the evolution of mammals, the development of the cor ...
... The modern mammalian brain is built upon ancient emotional subsystems [53]. These systems, which come hardwired at birth, ensure that animals are able to find food, avoid predators, reproduce, and generally meet their basic needs [53]. Recently in the evolution of mammals, the development of the cor ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... To determine the respective role played by orexin/hypocretin and histamine (HA) neurons in maintaining wakefulness (W), we characterized the behavioral and sleep-wake phenotypes of orexin(Ox) knockout(-/-) mice and compared them with those of histidine-decarboxylase(HDC, HA-synthesizing enzyme)-/-mi ...
... To determine the respective role played by orexin/hypocretin and histamine (HA) neurons in maintaining wakefulness (W), we characterized the behavioral and sleep-wake phenotypes of orexin(Ox) knockout(-/-) mice and compared them with those of histidine-decarboxylase(HDC, HA-synthesizing enzyme)-/-mi ...
Full PDF
... text, that confirm that the responsible neurons in the lateral hypothalamus are hypocretinergic (30, 60, 62, 119). Thus, during survival behaviors, there are hypocretinergically induced increases in arterial pressure, heart rate, and ventilation as well as a shift in blood flow from visceral to skel ...
... text, that confirm that the responsible neurons in the lateral hypothalamus are hypocretinergic (30, 60, 62, 119). Thus, during survival behaviors, there are hypocretinergically induced increases in arterial pressure, heart rate, and ventilation as well as a shift in blood flow from visceral to skel ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... expected to curtail GABA synthesis.29,30 In patients with antiGAD-antibody-positive epilepsy, compared with healthy controls, GABA levels are lower within the primary sensorimotor cortex.31 An early study of GABA MR spectroscopy demonstrated that patients with more recent seizure recurrence had much ...
... expected to curtail GABA synthesis.29,30 In patients with antiGAD-antibody-positive epilepsy, compared with healthy controls, GABA levels are lower within the primary sensorimotor cortex.31 An early study of GABA MR spectroscopy demonstrated that patients with more recent seizure recurrence had much ...
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... from those mediating sensory information. Acute pain may be caused by injuries of various kinds and inflammatory processes may cause pain that lasts a long time . This kind of pain information is mediated by specific pain receptors and carried in neural pathways that are separate from those carrying ...
... from those mediating sensory information. Acute pain may be caused by injuries of various kinds and inflammatory processes may cause pain that lasts a long time . This kind of pain information is mediated by specific pain receptors and carried in neural pathways that are separate from those carrying ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... Within the basal ganglia, and in particular within the striatum, the processing of motor and non-motor information arises from the massive, topographically and functionally organized cortical projections [14–16] that provide anatomical evidence for the functional subdivision into sensorimotor, assoc ...
... Within the basal ganglia, and in particular within the striatum, the processing of motor and non-motor information arises from the massive, topographically and functionally organized cortical projections [14–16] that provide anatomical evidence for the functional subdivision into sensorimotor, assoc ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... Several pathways project in parallel to subcortical and brainstem structures involved in ocular motor control. Projections of areas concerned with saccades are contralateral, whereas those saccades concerned with pursuit are mainly ipsilateral. For purely vertical gaze shifts, corresponding areas of ...
... Several pathways project in parallel to subcortical and brainstem structures involved in ocular motor control. Projections of areas concerned with saccades are contralateral, whereas those saccades concerned with pursuit are mainly ipsilateral. For purely vertical gaze shifts, corresponding areas of ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.