ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... global methylation patterns are characteristic of early stages of this disease. In advanced stages of atherosclerosis, hyperproliferation may further contribute to DNA hypomethylation and altered gene expression. Rodenhiser, Mann, CMAJ 174, 341 (2006) Biological Sequence Analysis SS 2008 ...
... global methylation patterns are characteristic of early stages of this disease. In advanced stages of atherosclerosis, hyperproliferation may further contribute to DNA hypomethylation and altered gene expression. Rodenhiser, Mann, CMAJ 174, 341 (2006) Biological Sequence Analysis SS 2008 ...
Biotechnology: Tools and Techniques of the Trade
... At the end of class today, you will be able to: Explain what a restriction enzyme is and what role they play in the cell Explain how restriction enzymes have been used by biologists as a tool in the manipulation of DNA ...
... At the end of class today, you will be able to: Explain what a restriction enzyme is and what role they play in the cell Explain how restriction enzymes have been used by biologists as a tool in the manipulation of DNA ...
Supplementary Information
... RNA extracted from each PDAC line and HPDE was subjected to expression profiling on the Agilent 4x44K Whole Genome Microarray, which measures expression levels for over 41,000 transcripts spanning ~30,000 genes. Arrays were conducted according to the Agilent protocol. Briefly, one microgram of total ...
... RNA extracted from each PDAC line and HPDE was subjected to expression profiling on the Agilent 4x44K Whole Genome Microarray, which measures expression levels for over 41,000 transcripts spanning ~30,000 genes. Arrays were conducted according to the Agilent protocol. Briefly, one microgram of total ...
PDF
... interfering RNAs, regulates imprinting at several loci in Arabidopsis endosperm. By dissecting the expression of various members of the RdDM pathway, the researchers show that RdDM is required in somatic tissues to silence both parental alleles, whereas repression of RdDM in female gametes contribut ...
... interfering RNAs, regulates imprinting at several loci in Arabidopsis endosperm. By dissecting the expression of various members of the RdDM pathway, the researchers show that RdDM is required in somatic tissues to silence both parental alleles, whereas repression of RdDM in female gametes contribut ...
DNA Extraction KEY
... 1. The DNA extraction buffer is made up of detergent and salt. Why is there detergent in the buffer? Break down the cell walls/ membranes. 2. What is the purpose of the salt found in extraction buffer? adds positive charge and neutralizes the negative charge of the DNA that is a result of the phosph ...
... 1. The DNA extraction buffer is made up of detergent and salt. Why is there detergent in the buffer? Break down the cell walls/ membranes. 2. What is the purpose of the salt found in extraction buffer? adds positive charge and neutralizes the negative charge of the DNA that is a result of the phosph ...
DNA
... Can only add to 3’ end of nucleotide Follows the base-pairing rule Two identical DNA strands are formed ...
... Can only add to 3’ end of nucleotide Follows the base-pairing rule Two identical DNA strands are formed ...
Regulation of Gene Expression Outline Objectives are first and
... Variant mRNAs-generated b y skipping some introns, or by using a seq as an intron in one cell type and as an exon in another cell type Alternative promoters aka polyadenylation sites-used to generate variants at the beginning and end of the mRNA and protein Variant proteins =isoforms Variant protein ...
... Variant mRNAs-generated b y skipping some introns, or by using a seq as an intron in one cell type and as an exon in another cell type Alternative promoters aka polyadenylation sites-used to generate variants at the beginning and end of the mRNA and protein Variant proteins =isoforms Variant protein ...
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics – are they the keys for healthy
... Genome-wide association studies – an approach for identifying genes that are associated with diseases. GWA studies allow to test hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with a disease in hundreds or thousands of persons. Nearly 600 genome-wide association stud ...
... Genome-wide association studies – an approach for identifying genes that are associated with diseases. GWA studies allow to test hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with a disease in hundreds or thousands of persons. Nearly 600 genome-wide association stud ...
epigenetics of carcinogenesis
... •Bystander effects are strain and species-independent, but there are some mouse strain differences •Bystander effects are persistent •Bystander effects are sex specific •Bystander effects affect the germline ...
... •Bystander effects are strain and species-independent, but there are some mouse strain differences •Bystander effects are persistent •Bystander effects are sex specific •Bystander effects affect the germline ...
NOTES: 12.2 – 12.3 – DNA Structure
... -Can have 1000x more DNA than prokaryotic cells -DNA is located in the form of a number of chromosomes -# of chromosomes varies widely from species to species DNA molecules are long…how does DNA fit in the nucleus? ● It forms ...
... -Can have 1000x more DNA than prokaryotic cells -DNA is located in the form of a number of chromosomes -# of chromosomes varies widely from species to species DNA molecules are long…how does DNA fit in the nucleus? ● It forms ...
DNA Replication - No Brain Too Small
... regulates the action of the Ras protein, which promotes cell division. Mutant forms of NF1 produce a protein that cannot regulate Ras properly. (a) When DNA is replicated, it is important that cells make exact copies of genes such as NF1. Explain why replication of a gene needs to be exact, with ref ...
... regulates the action of the Ras protein, which promotes cell division. Mutant forms of NF1 produce a protein that cannot regulate Ras properly. (a) When DNA is replicated, it is important that cells make exact copies of genes such as NF1. Explain why replication of a gene needs to be exact, with ref ...
DNA Methylation, Imprinting and X
... 1. Promoter regions CpG islands (CGIs): non-methylated CpG poor promoters: can be methylated, repressive ...
... 1. Promoter regions CpG islands (CGIs): non-methylated CpG poor promoters: can be methylated, repressive ...
DNA Fingerprinting Notes - Hicksville Public Schools
... 2. The diagram above represents the gel-like material through which the DNA fragments moved during gel electrophoresis. Draw lines to represent the position of the fragments from each DNA sample when electrophoresis is completed. [1] 3. Which two DNA samples are the most similar? Support your answer ...
... 2. The diagram above represents the gel-like material through which the DNA fragments moved during gel electrophoresis. Draw lines to represent the position of the fragments from each DNA sample when electrophoresis is completed. [1] 3. Which two DNA samples are the most similar? Support your answer ...
Nutrigenomics, Methylation and RNA Based Nutrients
... technology highlights the need for adequate means to address the results of personalized genetic testing. It is a travesty to have the ability to specifically identify genetic weakness, yet have this technology underutilized out of fear. It points to a dire need for therapeutic technologies that tak ...
... technology highlights the need for adequate means to address the results of personalized genetic testing. It is a travesty to have the ability to specifically identify genetic weakness, yet have this technology underutilized out of fear. It points to a dire need for therapeutic technologies that tak ...
Biology Final Exam artifacts
... development, genes are "poised" like runners in the starting blocks, ready to jump to action. In a differentiated cell, only 10 to 20% of the genes are active. Different sets of active genes make a skin cell different from a brain cell. Environmental signals such as diet and stress can trigger chang ...
... development, genes are "poised" like runners in the starting blocks, ready to jump to action. In a differentiated cell, only 10 to 20% of the genes are active. Different sets of active genes make a skin cell different from a brain cell. Environmental signals such as diet and stress can trigger chang ...
a copy of the Candy DNA Replication
... 2. Why is it important that DNA replicates? ______________________________________ 3. Why is it necessary for DNA to replicate accurately in a cell in order for an organism to survive? ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ ...
... 2. Why is it important that DNA replicates? ______________________________________ 3. Why is it necessary for DNA to replicate accurately in a cell in order for an organism to survive? ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... Mammalian genomes contain much fewer (only 20-25 %) of the CpG dinucleotide than is expected by the G+C content. This is typically explained in the following way: As most CpGs serve as targets of DNA methyltransferases, they are usually methylated. 5-Methylcytosine, whose occurrence is almost comple ...
... Mammalian genomes contain much fewer (only 20-25 %) of the CpG dinucleotide than is expected by the G+C content. This is typically explained in the following way: As most CpGs serve as targets of DNA methyltransferases, they are usually methylated. 5-Methylcytosine, whose occurrence is almost comple ...
Human Genomic DNA Quality Controls for aCGH and Microarray
... DNA from research laboratories can be of uneven quality. Our DNA comes from immortalized cell lines, where the sequences are validated and the DNA is unchanging. ...
... DNA from research laboratories can be of uneven quality. Our DNA comes from immortalized cell lines, where the sequences are validated and the DNA is unchanging. ...
组蛋白甲基化
... site (TSS). In contrast, the Set2 H3K36 methyltransferase binds to the serine 2 phosphorylated CTD of RNAPII, the transcriptional elongating form of polymerase. Thus, the two enzymes are recruited to genes via interactions with distinct forms of RNAPII, and it is therefore the location of the differ ...
... site (TSS). In contrast, the Set2 H3K36 methyltransferase binds to the serine 2 phosphorylated CTD of RNAPII, the transcriptional elongating form of polymerase. Thus, the two enzymes are recruited to genes via interactions with distinct forms of RNAPII, and it is therefore the location of the differ ...
Pierce chapter 10
... nucleotides may be complementary and pair – forming doublestranded regions • Hairpin – Region of complementary bases form base; loop formed by unpaired bases in the middle ...
... nucleotides may be complementary and pair – forming doublestranded regions • Hairpin – Region of complementary bases form base; loop formed by unpaired bases in the middle ...
DNA methylation
DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to DNA. Methylation modifies the function of the DNA, typically acting to suppress gene transcription. DNA methylation is essential for normal development and is associated with a number of key processes including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, suppression of repetitive elements, and carcinogenesis.Two of DNA's four nucleotides, cytosine and adenine, can be methylated. Adenine methylation is restricted to prokaryotes.The rate of cytosine DNA methylation differs strongly between species: 14% of cytosines are methylated in Arabidopsis thaliana, 4% in Mus musculus, 2.3% in Escherichia coli, 0.03% in Drosophila, and virtually none (< 0.0002%) in yeast species.DNA methylation can stably alter the expression of genes in cells as cells divide and differentiate from embryonic stem cells into specific tissues. The resulting change is normally permanent and unidirectional, preventing a cell from reverting to a stem cell or converting into a different cell type. However, DNA methylation can be removed either passively, by dilution as cells divide, or by a faster, active, process. The latter process occurs via hydroxylation of the methyl groups that are to be removed, rather than by complete removal of methyl groups. DNA methylation is typically removed during zygote formation and re-established through successive cell divisions during development. Methylation modifications that regulate gene expression are usually heritable through mitotic cell division; some methylation is also heritable through the specialized meiotic cell division that creates egg and sperm cells, resulting in genomic imprinting. DNA methylation suppresses the expression of endogenous retroviral genes and other harmful stretches of DNA that have been incorporated into the host genome over time. DNA methylation also forms the basis of chromatin structure, which enables a single cell to grow into multiple organs or perform multiple functions. DNA methylation also plays a crucial role in the development of nearly all types of cancer.DNA methylation at the 5 position of cytosine has the specific effect of reducing gene expression and has been found in every vertebrate examined. In adult somatic cells (cells in the body, not used for reproduction), DNA methylation typically occurs in a CpG dinucleotide context; non-CpG methylation is prevalent in embryonic stem cells, and has also been indicated in neural development.