the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... the digital image and tagged uniquely. The initial dendritic segment was ignored for analysis whenever it was stained (which happened very rarely due to the section thickness; cf. Fig. 2). Nevertheless, the initial part of the dendritic segments was never longer than 2–3 m and negligible compared w ...
... the digital image and tagged uniquely. The initial dendritic segment was ignored for analysis whenever it was stained (which happened very rarely due to the section thickness; cf. Fig. 2). Nevertheless, the initial part of the dendritic segments was never longer than 2–3 m and negligible compared w ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... antagonist scopolamine in humans (Schon et al., 2005), and scopolamine has been shown to impair performance of delayed matching tasks (Penetar & McDonough, 1983; Robbins et al., 1997; Koller et al., 2003). On the other hand, recent in vivo findings have shown an involvement of group I metabotropic gl ...
... antagonist scopolamine in humans (Schon et al., 2005), and scopolamine has been shown to impair performance of delayed matching tasks (Penetar & McDonough, 1983; Robbins et al., 1997; Koller et al., 2003). On the other hand, recent in vivo findings have shown an involvement of group I metabotropic gl ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... studies including studies on fear (16). However, they only allow one to study a cohort of active cells for a few hours after neuronal activation. Thus, several groups have developed reporter mice based on c-fos promoter sequences driving expression of enzymes (β-gal) (17) or fluorescent proteins (GFP ...
... studies including studies on fear (16). However, they only allow one to study a cohort of active cells for a few hours after neuronal activation. Thus, several groups have developed reporter mice based on c-fos promoter sequences driving expression of enzymes (β-gal) (17) or fluorescent proteins (GFP ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... Neuronal development relies on the coordination of various biological mechanisms, including the trafficking and function of neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In this dissertation, I investigated various distinct, yet related, mechanisms of neuronal development: ...
... Neuronal development relies on the coordination of various biological mechanisms, including the trafficking and function of neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In this dissertation, I investigated various distinct, yet related, mechanisms of neuronal development: ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
Prefrontal Phase Locking to Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
... deficit early in training but have little effect in the late stages of training. In contrast, mPFC lesions produce a strong deficit in the late but not in the early stages of training (Takehara et al., 2003). These observations suggest that during the course of learning information is gradually cons ...
... deficit early in training but have little effect in the late stages of training. In contrast, mPFC lesions produce a strong deficit in the late but not in the early stages of training (Takehara et al., 2003). These observations suggest that during the course of learning information is gradually cons ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... shown to occur within the hippocampus in other neurodegenerative disease models, and these pathologies have been correlated with cognitive impairment. Whether hippocampal abnormalities occur in MS models is unknown. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we evaluated hippocampal neur ...
... shown to occur within the hippocampus in other neurodegenerative disease models, and these pathologies have been correlated with cognitive impairment. Whether hippocampal abnormalities occur in MS models is unknown. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we evaluated hippocampal neur ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... article is to show that the current findings in neuroscience are compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist represent ...
... article is to show that the current findings in neuroscience are compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist represent ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... of habenular neurons express GFP. In each nucleus the neuronal somata are arranged as ovoid shells surrounding a central neuropil domain (asterisks). It is in this domain that neurons elaborate their dendritic arbors. (d-f) Examples of the somata, dendritic arborizations and proximal axons of habenu ...
... of habenular neurons express GFP. In each nucleus the neuronal somata are arranged as ovoid shells surrounding a central neuropil domain (asterisks). It is in this domain that neurons elaborate their dendritic arbors. (d-f) Examples of the somata, dendritic arborizations and proximal axons of habenu ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... with Lewy bodies (DLB). ATP13A2 is detected in human brain extracts as a major ~130 kDa protein species (Fig. 3A). Furthermore, ATP13A2 levels are markedly increased in PD/DLB brains compared to normal control brains (Fig. 3A-B). To evaluate the localization of ATP13A2 in human brain, ATP13A2 locali ...
... with Lewy bodies (DLB). ATP13A2 is detected in human brain extracts as a major ~130 kDa protein species (Fig. 3A). Furthermore, ATP13A2 levels are markedly increased in PD/DLB brains compared to normal control brains (Fig. 3A-B). To evaluate the localization of ATP13A2 in human brain, ATP13A2 locali ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... to test how well several vesicle-release models could capture the dynamics observed physiologically. Already the most basic model variant produced very good results with correlation coefficients between the experimental data and the model prediction of more than 90%. None of the more complex model v ...
... to test how well several vesicle-release models could capture the dynamics observed physiologically. Already the most basic model variant produced very good results with correlation coefficients between the experimental data and the model prediction of more than 90%. None of the more complex model v ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... records the co-concurrence of pre- and postsynaptic (or very rapidly successive) activity. A particular subtype of the glutamate receptor, the NMDA receptor, fulfills this role. In the presence of Glu and postsynaptic depolarization, the NMDA receptors permit the influx of Ca2+, which is a critical ...
... records the co-concurrence of pre- and postsynaptic (or very rapidly successive) activity. A particular subtype of the glutamate receptor, the NMDA receptor, fulfills this role. In the presence of Glu and postsynaptic depolarization, the NMDA receptors permit the influx of Ca2+, which is a critical ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
BMC Neuroscience
... II-III when issued from areas with more layers, or denser layer IV, in comparison with the area of termination. In the reverse direction, projection neurons originate predominantly in layers V-VI. This hypothesis has received support in the ipsilateral connections of prefrontal areas with each other ...
... II-III when issued from areas with more layers, or denser layer IV, in comparison with the area of termination. In the reverse direction, projection neurons originate predominantly in layers V-VI. This hypothesis has received support in the ipsilateral connections of prefrontal areas with each other ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... were tested: activity type, timing of activity, excitation/inhibition, call-pattern correlation, call specificity, and pre-vocal onset time. Statistical analyses were performed for the syllable pre-onset times by a univariate variance analysis (general linear model) comparing general Figure 2. Front ...
... were tested: activity type, timing of activity, excitation/inhibition, call-pattern correlation, call specificity, and pre-vocal onset time. Statistical analyses were performed for the syllable pre-onset times by a univariate variance analysis (general linear model) comparing general Figure 2. Front ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... is observed after contact of presynaptic neurites of Helisoma B19 motoneurons with their target supralateral radular tensor (SLT) muscles (374). Helisoma motoneuron B19 will form functional chemical connections only with its normal synaptic partner SLT muscle, and not with novel targets (155, 373). ...
... is observed after contact of presynaptic neurites of Helisoma B19 motoneurons with their target supralateral radular tensor (SLT) muscles (374). Helisoma motoneuron B19 will form functional chemical connections only with its normal synaptic partner SLT muscle, and not with novel targets (155, 373). ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... techniques that have been used in recent years and that have revealed details that may have been overlooked in previous studies. Second, the maps vary in terms of size, extent, and topography of cortical areas. This variability very often results from observer-dependent criteria used by different in ...
... techniques that have been used in recent years and that have revealed details that may have been overlooked in previous studies. Second, the maps vary in terms of size, extent, and topography of cortical areas. This variability very often results from observer-dependent criteria used by different in ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... neighbouring cells and give rise to an intercellular wave of Ca2+ (REFS 33–36). In support of this possibility, C6 glioma cells, which express few gap junctions, do not show Ca2+ waves unless connexins are artificially expressed34. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is likely to diffuse between astrocytes, as indicated b ...
... neighbouring cells and give rise to an intercellular wave of Ca2+ (REFS 33–36). In support of this possibility, C6 glioma cells, which express few gap junctions, do not show Ca2+ waves unless connexins are artificially expressed34. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is likely to diffuse between astrocytes, as indicated b ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... termed hubs, tended to synchronise particularly strongly and promiscuously with other area 17 neurons. Indeed, even neurons with differing orientation preferences tended to synchronise if they were hubs. Notably, neurons exhibiting sharp orientation tuning curves showed a strong likelihood of being ...
... termed hubs, tended to synchronise particularly strongly and promiscuously with other area 17 neurons. Indeed, even neurons with differing orientation preferences tended to synchronise if they were hubs. Notably, neurons exhibiting sharp orientation tuning curves showed a strong likelihood of being ...