Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... Morphologies of individual forebrain cholinergic neurons A series of 4HT titration experiments with Chat-IRES-CreER;R26IAP mice showed that intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 1–5 µg 4HT at P4-5 resulted in ∼10 forebrain cholinergic neurons labeled per brain. Using this protocol, 67 well-separated for ...
... Morphologies of individual forebrain cholinergic neurons A series of 4HT titration experiments with Chat-IRES-CreER;R26IAP mice showed that intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 1–5 µg 4HT at P4-5 resulted in ∼10 forebrain cholinergic neurons labeled per brain. Using this protocol, 67 well-separated for ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... whether cortical projection neurons in vivo essentially require cholesterol biosynthesis and which cell types support neurons, we have conditionally ablated the cholesterol biosynthesis in these neurons in mice either embryonically or postnatally. We found that cortical projection neurons synthesize ...
... whether cortical projection neurons in vivo essentially require cholesterol biosynthesis and which cell types support neurons, we have conditionally ablated the cholesterol biosynthesis in these neurons in mice either embryonically or postnatally. We found that cortical projection neurons synthesize ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... transferred to 10 M ␣-bungarotoxin saline. After immobilization, the tadpole was repinned so that skin and muscles over the right side of the spinal cord could be removed. A dorsal cut was then made along the midline of the spinal cord to open the neurocoel and expose neuronal cell bodies. Addition ...
... transferred to 10 M ␣-bungarotoxin saline. After immobilization, the tadpole was repinned so that skin and muscles over the right side of the spinal cord could be removed. A dorsal cut was then made along the midline of the spinal cord to open the neurocoel and expose neuronal cell bodies. Addition ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of this body of literature, we will attempt to establish a model by which estrogenic modulation of neuroplasticity ...
... focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of this body of literature, we will attempt to establish a model by which estrogenic modulation of neuroplasticity ...
The Structure and Plasticity of the Proximal Axon of Hippocampal
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... increase the synaptic availability of DA/NE to presynaptic autoreceptors that followed by decrease in the release of DA and NE. The increase of NE in the LC nucleus by bupropion can reduces the firing rates of LC-NE neurons, dose dependently (Ascher et al. 1995). The VTA-DA neurons increase the DA s ...
... increase the synaptic availability of DA/NE to presynaptic autoreceptors that followed by decrease in the release of DA and NE. The increase of NE in the LC nucleus by bupropion can reduces the firing rates of LC-NE neurons, dose dependently (Ascher et al. 1995). The VTA-DA neurons increase the DA s ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... The spread of evoked local field potential outside of the barrel field in rats was disrupted by transection of cortical gray matter between the whisker barrel displaying peakevoked activity and the recording sites, suggesting that the underlying anatomical connection involved shallow axons or axon c ...
... The spread of evoked local field potential outside of the barrel field in rats was disrupted by transection of cortical gray matter between the whisker barrel displaying peakevoked activity and the recording sites, suggesting that the underlying anatomical connection involved shallow axons or axon c ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... The hippocampus (greek hippocampus: seahorse), is a bilateral incurved seahorse-shaped structure of the cerebral cortex [1]. The cerebral cortex also named “grey matter”, as it is composed of neurons with unmyelinated fibers, is involved in a number of higher functions, like consciousness, informati ...
... The hippocampus (greek hippocampus: seahorse), is a bilateral incurved seahorse-shaped structure of the cerebral cortex [1]. The cerebral cortex also named “grey matter”, as it is composed of neurons with unmyelinated fibers, is involved in a number of higher functions, like consciousness, informati ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... It is well established that neurons in the cortex are divided broadly into two major classes: glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons (pyramidal cells) and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory local circuit neurons (interneurons). Henceforth, I will refer to interneurons as GABAergic local ...
... It is well established that neurons in the cortex are divided broadly into two major classes: glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons (pyramidal cells) and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory local circuit neurons (interneurons). Henceforth, I will refer to interneurons as GABAergic local ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... both their antecedent behavior and to stimuli predictive of reward or non-reward. Here, we investigate whether single neurons in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), a multimodal associative forebrain structure and a presumed analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex, represent information usefu ...
... both their antecedent behavior and to stimuli predictive of reward or non-reward. Here, we investigate whether single neurons in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), a multimodal associative forebrain structure and a presumed analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex, represent information usefu ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... Rat experiments. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Ponce School of Medicine, in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Department of Health and Human Services publication 86-23). Experiments were performed in 10 male ...
... Rat experiments. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Ponce School of Medicine, in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Department of Health and Human Services publication 86-23). Experiments were performed in 10 male ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... one were polysynaptically activated by ADN stimulation. The mean onset latency for AP-evoked action potentials was 10.1 6 3.4 (mean 6 SD) ms. As we have previously shown for NTS neurons receiving combined AP and ADN inputs (5), ADN stimulation evoked action potentials having either a long-onset late ...
... one were polysynaptically activated by ADN stimulation. The mean onset latency for AP-evoked action potentials was 10.1 6 3.4 (mean 6 SD) ms. As we have previously shown for NTS neurons receiving combined AP and ADN inputs (5), ADN stimulation evoked action potentials having either a long-onset late ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
lmmunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C lsozymes in
... granule cells, and type III PKC in both granule and Purkinje cells but not in the latter’s dendrite. In the present study, we employed MC-I and MC-II for the staining, and essentially the same results were obtained. Figure 6, A, D, shows the staining of Purkinje cells and their dendrites by MC-I; Fi ...
... granule cells, and type III PKC in both granule and Purkinje cells but not in the latter’s dendrite. In the present study, we employed MC-I and MC-II for the staining, and essentially the same results were obtained. Figure 6, A, D, shows the staining of Purkinje cells and their dendrites by MC-I; Fi ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Attempts to map cerebellar and basal ganglia projections to the cerebral cortex with conventional tracers have been hindered by a number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the ...
... Attempts to map cerebellar and basal ganglia projections to the cerebral cortex with conventional tracers have been hindered by a number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
... since there are pronounced ventrolateral-to-dorsomedial and anterior-to-posterior cortical developmental gradients (Smart and Smart, 1982; Bayer and Altman, 199 l), more than one stage is usually evident in sections at a given embryonic age, depending on the location within the telencephalic wall. V ...
... since there are pronounced ventrolateral-to-dorsomedial and anterior-to-posterior cortical developmental gradients (Smart and Smart, 1982; Bayer and Altman, 199 l), more than one stage is usually evident in sections at a given embryonic age, depending on the location within the telencephalic wall. V ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... and inhibitory membrane currents (black and white symbols, respectively) as recorded from pyramidal cells in the primary auditory cortex of adult rat (7) (A) 30 min and (B) 180 min after a stimulus protocol shifted the preferred frequency of the excitatory membrane currents from 16 to 4 kHz. Similar ...
... and inhibitory membrane currents (black and white symbols, respectively) as recorded from pyramidal cells in the primary auditory cortex of adult rat (7) (A) 30 min and (B) 180 min after a stimulus protocol shifted the preferred frequency of the excitatory membrane currents from 16 to 4 kHz. Similar ...
Hubel 1977_Small
... different destinations: to other nearby cortical regions such as area 18, to the optic tectum, and, in a recurrent path, to the lateral geniculate bodies. The striate cortex should thus not be regarded in any sense as the end of the visual path - in fact it is probably very close to the beginning, a ...
... different destinations: to other nearby cortical regions such as area 18, to the optic tectum, and, in a recurrent path, to the lateral geniculate bodies. The striate cortex should thus not be regarded in any sense as the end of the visual path - in fact it is probably very close to the beginning, a ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... compared with primary sensory and motor cortices. Similar regional and laminar distributions of CB1-IR axons were also present in the human neocortex. CB1-IR axons had more prominent varicosities in human tissue, but this difference appeared to represent a postmortem effect as similar morphological ...
... compared with primary sensory and motor cortices. Similar regional and laminar distributions of CB1-IR axons were also present in the human neocortex. CB1-IR axons had more prominent varicosities in human tissue, but this difference appeared to represent a postmortem effect as similar morphological ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... (“turn-around saccade”). Since we detected error trials by analyzing eye position before and 400 ms after the fixation point offset during experiments, monkeys were rewarded in such trials. We detected turn-around saccades off-line and considered them as errors and these data were excluded from the s ...
... (“turn-around saccade”). Since we detected error trials by analyzing eye position before and 400 ms after the fixation point offset during experiments, monkeys were rewarded in such trials. We detected turn-around saccades off-line and considered them as errors and these data were excluded from the s ...
521 THE CHOLINERGIC LIMBIC SYSTEM: PROJECTIONS TO
... supplied directly by fornix fibres as well as indirectly through the mammillothalamic tract (Guillery, 1966; Nauta, 1956). The anteroventral nucleus is rich in both AChE and ChE, which is located in the cells and extracellularly in terminal neuropil; in the antero-medial nucleus, on the other hand, ...
... supplied directly by fornix fibres as well as indirectly through the mammillothalamic tract (Guillery, 1966; Nauta, 1956). The anteroventral nucleus is rich in both AChE and ChE, which is located in the cells and extracellularly in terminal neuropil; in the antero-medial nucleus, on the other hand, ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. Fo ...
... The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. Fo ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contral ...
... 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contral ...