Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... Malenka, 2005), which are released from MSNs and exert apparent presynaptic effects (Yin and Lovinger, 2006) that may account for some of the reported actions of dopamine on synaptic vesicle cycling (Bamford et al., 2004; Bamford et al., 2008). LTD at Excitatory Synapses on MSNs High-frequency stimu ...
... Malenka, 2005), which are released from MSNs and exert apparent presynaptic effects (Yin and Lovinger, 2006) that may account for some of the reported actions of dopamine on synaptic vesicle cycling (Bamford et al., 2004; Bamford et al., 2008). LTD at Excitatory Synapses on MSNs High-frequency stimu ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... 1999) or paradoxical sleep (Cantero et al., 2003), the latter characterized by short bursts of 4–7 Hz oscillations. In the animal, hippocampal theta oscillations are detected under urethane anesthesia as well, either spontaneously or after noxious stimulation and accompanied by muscle atonia and whi ...
... 1999) or paradoxical sleep (Cantero et al., 2003), the latter characterized by short bursts of 4–7 Hz oscillations. In the animal, hippocampal theta oscillations are detected under urethane anesthesia as well, either spontaneously or after noxious stimulation and accompanied by muscle atonia and whi ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... frame, and the mass center of the mask at the first frame in which the wave appeared was defined as the wave initiation zone. Two criteria were used to define autonomously active cells: (1) they showed spontaneous activity in the presence of 20 M CNQX, 100 M AP5, and 100 M picrotoxin; and (2) the ...
... frame, and the mass center of the mask at the first frame in which the wave appeared was defined as the wave initiation zone. Two criteria were used to define autonomously active cells: (1) they showed spontaneous activity in the presence of 20 M CNQX, 100 M AP5, and 100 M picrotoxin; and (2) the ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potent ...
... system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potent ...
NEUROGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS AND
... was designated embryonic day one (El). Normally, births occur on E23, which is also designated as postnatal day zero (P0). The postnatal developmental series had two groups of rat pups, each group containing males from at least two litters. The pups were given four (P0-P3, P2-P5) consecutive daily i ...
... was designated embryonic day one (El). Normally, births occur on E23, which is also designated as postnatal day zero (P0). The postnatal developmental series had two groups of rat pups, each group containing males from at least two litters. The pups were given four (P0-P3, P2-P5) consecutive daily i ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relative to the surrounding zone, and the density distribution therefore resembles a mountain-like landscape, where the mountain peaks indicate the regions of high bouton density, and the different regions ar ...
... arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relative to the surrounding zone, and the density distribution therefore resembles a mountain-like landscape, where the mountain peaks indicate the regions of high bouton density, and the different regions ar ...
Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons Target Non
... activity (Einhorn et al., 1988; Rahman and McBride, 2000). However, it is unresolved whether the axon terminals of the MSNs synapse onto NAc-projecting dopamine neurons or a different class of VTA neuron. The nature of the synaptic connection is also unknown. It has been proposed that the NAc projec ...
... activity (Einhorn et al., 1988; Rahman and McBride, 2000). However, it is unresolved whether the axon terminals of the MSNs synapse onto NAc-projecting dopamine neurons or a different class of VTA neuron. The nature of the synaptic connection is also unknown. It has been proposed that the NAc projec ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... Cookson Inc. (Ellisville, MO). An 8.0 M ethanol solution (in deionized water) was prepared immediately before each experiment from a 95% stock solution (Aaper Alcohol and Chemical, Shelbyville, KT) and kept in a glass storage bottle at 4°C. Proximal and Distal GABAA and GABAB Receptor-Mediated IPSCs ...
... Cookson Inc. (Ellisville, MO). An 8.0 M ethanol solution (in deionized water) was prepared immediately before each experiment from a 95% stock solution (Aaper Alcohol and Chemical, Shelbyville, KT) and kept in a glass storage bottle at 4°C. Proximal and Distal GABAA and GABAB Receptor-Mediated IPSCs ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... strengthen connections to other neurons in the network. This is easily understood from the perspective of a neuron that is not part of the correlated group (Fig. 3C). From this perspective, STDP strengthens only the synapses of the most correlated inputs. At this stage of the development of a column ...
... strengthen connections to other neurons in the network. This is easily understood from the perspective of a neuron that is not part of the correlated group (Fig. 3C). From this perspective, STDP strengthens only the synapses of the most correlated inputs. At this stage of the development of a column ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... process in molecular terms. Drosophila is an obvious choice for this type of analysis (Thomas and Wyman, 1982; Palka et al., 1983; Zipursky et al., 1984). One potential drawback of the fly is its small size, which might make it difficult to study pathway formation at the cellular level. However, the ...
... process in molecular terms. Drosophila is an obvious choice for this type of analysis (Thomas and Wyman, 1982; Palka et al., 1983; Zipursky et al., 1984). One potential drawback of the fly is its small size, which might make it difficult to study pathway formation at the cellular level. However, the ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... striatum except for tiny arborization in the external pallidum. The striatal axonal bush of each reconstructed dopaminergic neuron covered 0.45–5.7% (mean ⫾ SD ⫽ 2.7 ⫾ 1.5%) of the total volume of the neostriatum. Furthermore, all the dopaminergic neurons innervated both striosome and matrix compart ...
... striatum except for tiny arborization in the external pallidum. The striatal axonal bush of each reconstructed dopaminergic neuron covered 0.45–5.7% (mean ⫾ SD ⫽ 2.7 ⫾ 1.5%) of the total volume of the neostriatum. Furthermore, all the dopaminergic neurons innervated both striosome and matrix compart ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... (RAS) of neurons in decerebrate, deafferented and decerebellated cats producing a premovement electrical potential that we named obex slow potential (OSP). The OSP occurs about 0.8 0.4 sec prior to the onset of a fictivescratching-episode. Here, we describe two classes of bulbar neurons, off-on, w ...
... (RAS) of neurons in decerebrate, deafferented and decerebellated cats producing a premovement electrical potential that we named obex slow potential (OSP). The OSP occurs about 0.8 0.4 sec prior to the onset of a fictivescratching-episode. Here, we describe two classes of bulbar neurons, off-on, w ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... and a surround stimuli that were not seen together during development would not converge onto the same V2 neurons. In this case, lateral inhibition in V2 would result. Measuring or deriving the connectivity patterns of V2 neurons is currently a big open question. We will leave this problem for futur ...
... and a surround stimuli that were not seen together during development would not converge onto the same V2 neurons. In this case, lateral inhibition in V2 would result. Measuring or deriving the connectivity patterns of V2 neurons is currently a big open question. We will leave this problem for futur ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.023 ...
... doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.023 ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... divided into those that extract linear relationships between the source and the target population, and those that extract non-linear relationships. (c) Transfer entropy extracts non-linear relationships and is therefore data intensive. (d) Dynamic causal modeling relies on modeling assumptions. (e) ...
... divided into those that extract linear relationships between the source and the target population, and those that extract non-linear relationships. (c) Transfer entropy extracts non-linear relationships and is therefore data intensive. (d) Dynamic causal modeling relies on modeling assumptions. (e) ...
Structural Correlates of Efficient GABAergic Transmission in the
... pathway in the healthy condition and during Parkinson’s disease. In addition, our structural data suggest that the rodent nigrothalamic pathway can be a valid model of the primate condition, when the mechanism of GABAergic transmission is studied. Key words: spillover; driver; axon terminal; active ...
... pathway in the healthy condition and during Parkinson’s disease. In addition, our structural data suggest that the rodent nigrothalamic pathway can be a valid model of the primate condition, when the mechanism of GABAergic transmission is studied. Key words: spillover; driver; axon terminal; active ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... The results demonstrate that these interconnections provide the anatomical basis for the retrosplenial cortex’s role in processing and integrating information related to memory, learning, and emotional functions. Our recent data are based on studies using two anterograde tracers and two retrograde t ...
... The results demonstrate that these interconnections provide the anatomical basis for the retrosplenial cortex’s role in processing and integrating information related to memory, learning, and emotional functions. Our recent data are based on studies using two anterograde tracers and two retrograde t ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm thick) were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (P21–28). Optical imaging was made by using a high speed photodiode array. Spontaneous epileptiform activity emerged 20 – 40 min after the preparation was perfused ...
... cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm thick) were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (P21–28). Optical imaging was made by using a high speed photodiode array. Spontaneous epileptiform activity emerged 20 – 40 min after the preparation was perfused ...
TEMPORAL AND REGIONAL REGULATION OF a1, b2 AND b3
... immediately (day 0) or two days after drug treatment, when rats were tolerant, or seven days after treatment, when tolerance had reversed, and were compared to sections from pair-handled, vehicle-treated controls. a1 subunit messenger RNA level was significantly decreased in CA1 pyramidal cells and ...
... immediately (day 0) or two days after drug treatment, when rats were tolerant, or seven days after treatment, when tolerance had reversed, and were compared to sections from pair-handled, vehicle-treated controls. a1 subunit messenger RNA level was significantly decreased in CA1 pyramidal cells and ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... (Fig. 1B). The axonal arbors could be followed in some neurons, but quantitative analysis of projection areas was not feasible due to the frequent cutting of ...
... (Fig. 1B). The axonal arbors could be followed in some neurons, but quantitative analysis of projection areas was not feasible due to the frequent cutting of ...
The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
... Cranial parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (or visceromotor (VM) neurons) are born in the pMNv domain progenitor domain of the hindbrain5 that expresses the homeogene Phox2b and produces, in addition to VM neurons, branchiomotor (BM) ones6. The postmitotic precursors migrate dorsally 7 to form nu ...
... Cranial parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (or visceromotor (VM) neurons) are born in the pMNv domain progenitor domain of the hindbrain5 that expresses the homeogene Phox2b and produces, in addition to VM neurons, branchiomotor (BM) ones6. The postmitotic precursors migrate dorsally 7 to form nu ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... (NPY), cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SOM), and many more [10, 11]. In vertebrates, the majority of interneurons are inhibitory and they mainly release GABA. However, GABA can also act as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During brain development, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter act ...
... (NPY), cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SOM), and many more [10, 11]. In vertebrates, the majority of interneurons are inhibitory and they mainly release GABA. However, GABA can also act as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During brain development, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter act ...
THE PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS: Towards a Functional
... (without any distinction between cholinergic or non-cholinergic cells) and has two different characteristics; they possess either short duration action potentials, slow axonal conduction times and high frequencies of discharge, or long action potentials, fast conduction and slow frequencies of disch ...
... (without any distinction between cholinergic or non-cholinergic cells) and has two different characteristics; they possess either short duration action potentials, slow axonal conduction times and high frequencies of discharge, or long action potentials, fast conduction and slow frequencies of disch ...