the superior Olivary complex
... of the MOC neuron (Liberman & Brown, 1986). The marginal cell region of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) project bilaterally to MOC neurons. It is hypothesized that the marginal cells provide information about sound intensity as part of a feedback gain control system comprising the cochlea, ...
... of the MOC neuron (Liberman & Brown, 1986). The marginal cell region of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) project bilaterally to MOC neurons. It is hypothesized that the marginal cells provide information about sound intensity as part of a feedback gain control system comprising the cochlea, ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
PDF Format
... postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) of TC cells associated with loss of spindles after disconnection from inputs arising in RE nucleus (Steriade et al. 1985) and absence of a priming role in spindling as assessed by direct recording of localcircuit thalamic neurons (Bal et al. 1995 ) . We asked the foll ...
... postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) of TC cells associated with loss of spindles after disconnection from inputs arising in RE nucleus (Steriade et al. 1985) and absence of a priming role in spindling as assessed by direct recording of localcircuit thalamic neurons (Bal et al. 1995 ) . We asked the foll ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... Figure 5. Cultured rat cerebrum fixed 72 hr after plating and stained with the monoclonal antibody to tau. A, Two adjacent neurons elaborating a complex array of growth cone morphologies, as has been observed in neurite migration over non-neural substrates. Fluorescein-labeled tau immunoreactivity e ...
... Figure 5. Cultured rat cerebrum fixed 72 hr after plating and stained with the monoclonal antibody to tau. A, Two adjacent neurons elaborating a complex array of growth cone morphologies, as has been observed in neurite migration over non-neural substrates. Fluorescein-labeled tau immunoreactivity e ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... peripheral information in parallel or serially remains an issue of contention (Jones, 2007). Previous animal studies have reported that S2 receives topographic projections from ipsilateral S1 in monkeys (Jones et al., 1975, 1978; Friedman and Murray, 1986), cats (Jones and Powell, 1968; Manzoni et a ...
... peripheral information in parallel or serially remains an issue of contention (Jones, 2007). Previous animal studies have reported that S2 receives topographic projections from ipsilateral S1 in monkeys (Jones et al., 1975, 1978; Friedman and Murray, 1986), cats (Jones and Powell, 1968; Manzoni et a ...
Approximating Number of Hidden layer neurons in Multiple
... accuracy in determining target output can be increased. Basically when dealing with the number of neurons in the input layer, one has to analyze about the data which is trained. For example, while dealing with handwritten numeral recognition using neural network for pin code recognition [5], the box ...
... accuracy in determining target output can be increased. Basically when dealing with the number of neurons in the input layer, one has to analyze about the data which is trained. For example, while dealing with handwritten numeral recognition using neural network for pin code recognition [5], the box ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... Simoes et al. 2010). Microstimulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex area 44 in rhesus monkeys, for example, results in orofacial movements (Petrides et al. 2005). Resolving this long-standing debate requires more direct evidence of frontal cortex neuronal response properties during natural voca ...
... Simoes et al. 2010). Microstimulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex area 44 in rhesus monkeys, for example, results in orofacial movements (Petrides et al. 2005). Resolving this long-standing debate requires more direct evidence of frontal cortex neuronal response properties during natural voca ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
Hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus: a historical
... Together these studies led to some question about the location of the mossy cell axon projection—and suggested that mossy cells cannot be defined by a contralateral projection alone. Moreover, it is not possible to define them as a neuron with an inner molecular layer projection. The reason is that ...
... Together these studies led to some question about the location of the mossy cell axon projection—and suggested that mossy cells cannot be defined by a contralateral projection alone. Moreover, it is not possible to define them as a neuron with an inner molecular layer projection. The reason is that ...
as a PDF
... Shute, 1959). The more critical accounts acknowledge the lack of evidence available for specifying the location of these parasympathetic neurons in the human (Ranson and ...
... Shute, 1959). The more critical accounts acknowledge the lack of evidence available for specifying the location of these parasympathetic neurons in the human (Ranson and ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
Sensory Pathways and Emotional Context for Action
... among prefrontal cortices (3,18,19), is engaged when one must juggle more than one task within working memory (reviewed in ...
... among prefrontal cortices (3,18,19), is engaged when one must juggle more than one task within working memory (reviewed in ...
Full-Text PDF
... It is worth noting that in each of these studies, observed changes could have been a result of overall changes in network excitability. ...
... It is worth noting that in each of these studies, observed changes could have been a result of overall changes in network excitability. ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... however, did not address how neurons were distributed across functional areas. The distribution of neurons across the surface of cerebral cortex is of functional interest, given that the number of neurons is likely to contribute to the capabilities of each functional area (Leingärtner et al., 2007), ...
... however, did not address how neurons were distributed across functional areas. The distribution of neurons across the surface of cerebral cortex is of functional interest, given that the number of neurons is likely to contribute to the capabilities of each functional area (Leingärtner et al., 2007), ...
Changes in the connections of the main olfactory bulb after mitral
... AON was clearly higher than in the control animals (Table I, Figs. 2D, 3A). Likewise, the density of positive cells was higher in all subdivisions of the PCD ipsilateral AON (Table II, Fig. 3B). In contrast to the observations in the control animals, labeled neurons were seen in all the ipsilateral ...
... AON was clearly higher than in the control animals (Table I, Figs. 2D, 3A). Likewise, the density of positive cells was higher in all subdivisions of the PCD ipsilateral AON (Table II, Fig. 3B). In contrast to the observations in the control animals, labeled neurons were seen in all the ipsilateral ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... inhibitory control. Both markers varied significantly and systematically across superior temporal areas. Calbindin neurons were more prevalent than PV neurons, with the highest densities found in posterior high-order auditory association cortices. Axons from anterior lateral, medial prefrontal and o ...
... inhibitory control. Both markers varied significantly and systematically across superior temporal areas. Calbindin neurons were more prevalent than PV neurons, with the highest densities found in posterior high-order auditory association cortices. Axons from anterior lateral, medial prefrontal and o ...
hanPNAS11
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... rostrocaudal level. The NOS-positive cell group we observed in the oral spinal trigeminal nucleus is just ventromedial to the region designated as the oval nucleus in plate XVIII of Olszewski and Baxter (1982). The inferior salivatory nuclei, described dorsomedial to the rostral portion of the nucle ...
... rostrocaudal level. The NOS-positive cell group we observed in the oral spinal trigeminal nucleus is just ventromedial to the region designated as the oval nucleus in plate XVIII of Olszewski and Baxter (1982). The inferior salivatory nuclei, described dorsomedial to the rostral portion of the nucle ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... keeping track of information for future decisions. These patterns suggest that the auditory association links of area 10 are critical for complex cognition. The first part of this review focuses on the organization of prefrontal-auditory pathways at the level of the system and the synapse, with a pa ...
... keeping track of information for future decisions. These patterns suggest that the auditory association links of area 10 are critical for complex cognition. The first part of this review focuses on the organization of prefrontal-auditory pathways at the level of the system and the synapse, with a pa ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... onto Purkinje neurons always facilitate in normal physiological saline, while climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons always depress (Perkel et al., 1990). Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discover ...
... onto Purkinje neurons always facilitate in normal physiological saline, while climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons always depress (Perkel et al., 1990). Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discover ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... form dense clusters of varicosities in the dorsolateral region of the glomerulus, while M has only two dorsally directed branches. M gives rise to 4 or 5 large medial branches which, along with the main axon, curve around the medial border of the glomerulus and, together with the dorsal branches, ar ...
... form dense clusters of varicosities in the dorsolateral region of the glomerulus, while M has only two dorsally directed branches. M gives rise to 4 or 5 large medial branches which, along with the main axon, curve around the medial border of the glomerulus and, together with the dorsal branches, ar ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... In addition to the aerent connections, the neocortex contains a dense network of long-range lateral connections parallel to the cortical surface [3, 15]. These connections are reciprocal and are believed to mediate the cooperation and competition. They grow exuberantly after birth and reach their f ...
... In addition to the aerent connections, the neocortex contains a dense network of long-range lateral connections parallel to the cortical surface [3, 15]. These connections are reciprocal and are believed to mediate the cooperation and competition. They grow exuberantly after birth and reach their f ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... In neural systems (and more generally in all threshold systems), a centrally important fact is that a neuron which spikes will be on average more likely to have a positive noise component than a negative one (because positive noise components lead to an increased membrane potential, which in turn in ...
... In neural systems (and more generally in all threshold systems), a centrally important fact is that a neuron which spikes will be on average more likely to have a positive noise component than a negative one (because positive noise components lead to an increased membrane potential, which in turn in ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... dynamics originating within local microcircuits drive the spatially segregated, frequency-specific interactions within dense large-scale networks. To address this question, we built a large-scale computational model of laminar cortical microcircuits comprising 30 cortical areas that interact via the ...
... dynamics originating within local microcircuits drive the spatially segregated, frequency-specific interactions within dense large-scale networks. To address this question, we built a large-scale computational model of laminar cortical microcircuits comprising 30 cortical areas that interact via the ...