THE PEDAL NEURONS OF APLYSIA PUNCTATA
... There are no detailed accounts of the connexions and branching of the axons of neurons in the pedal ganglia of opisthobranchs. Most of the experiments on these ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the ...
... There are no detailed accounts of the connexions and branching of the axons of neurons in the pedal ganglia of opisthobranchs. Most of the experiments on these ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... five different penetrations. The summation indices of all neurons recorded were shown (Figure 3, left panels), together with histological reconstruction of the electrode track through the cortical layers (Figure 3, right panels). Regardless of whether the penetration was tangential, oblique, or norm ...
... five different penetrations. The summation indices of all neurons recorded were shown (Figure 3, left panels), together with histological reconstruction of the electrode track through the cortical layers (Figure 3, right panels). Regardless of whether the penetration was tangential, oblique, or norm ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... During the retrieval phase of each theta cycle, external input from entorhinal cortex is weaker, but the excitatory input from region CA3 is stronger. The stronger input from CA3 means postsynaptic activity in region CA1 is driven by the spread of activity across previously modified synapses, retriev ...
... During the retrieval phase of each theta cycle, external input from entorhinal cortex is weaker, but the excitatory input from region CA3 is stronger. The stronger input from CA3 means postsynaptic activity in region CA1 is driven by the spread of activity across previously modified synapses, retriev ...
Calcium Regulation of Dendritic Growth via CaM Kinase IV and
... presence of KCl stimulation. Note that overexpression of CaM kinase IV dramatically potentiates the effect of KCl depolarization on dendritic growth, indicating that intracellular CaM kinase IV levels are limiting for calcium-activated dendritic growth. (G) Quantification of the effects of expressin ...
... presence of KCl stimulation. Note that overexpression of CaM kinase IV dramatically potentiates the effect of KCl depolarization on dendritic growth, indicating that intracellular CaM kinase IV levels are limiting for calcium-activated dendritic growth. (G) Quantification of the effects of expressin ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday July 23rd. Maps of the Inner Harbor and surrounding areas are included on the following pages along with lists of local activities and restaurants. Registration: Meeting r ...
... take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday July 23rd. Maps of the Inner Harbor and surrounding areas are included on the following pages along with lists of local activities and restaurants. Registration: Meeting r ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... Young, 1988). The use of neurochemical markers assists in defining subsets of neuronal populations, as spiny GABAergic projection cells can contain substance P, GABA, enkephalin or dynorphyn (Kawaguchi, 1997). There is also a distinction between spiny projection cells with respect to the dopamin rec ...
... Young, 1988). The use of neurochemical markers assists in defining subsets of neuronal populations, as spiny GABAergic projection cells can contain substance P, GABA, enkephalin or dynorphyn (Kawaguchi, 1997). There is also a distinction between spiny projection cells with respect to the dopamin rec ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... I compared constraining a compartmental model to fit the EAP with matching the intracellular action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and ce ...
... I compared constraining a compartmental model to fit the EAP with matching the intracellular action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and ce ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... the memory impairment with respect to four different physiological effects of the blockade of muscarinic receptors by scopolamine, as summarized in Fig. 2. Most cellular data has been obtained from rat cortex, but data on the response of human cortical neurons to cholinergic modulation indicates an ...
... the memory impairment with respect to four different physiological effects of the blockade of muscarinic receptors by scopolamine, as summarized in Fig. 2. Most cellular data has been obtained from rat cortex, but data on the response of human cortical neurons to cholinergic modulation indicates an ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... areal and laminar density of neurons, glia and neurons positive for the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) among 21 prefrontal areas or subdivisions of areas. Neuronal density varied among the prefrontal cortices (range: 38 569 ± 4078 to 58 708 ± 2327 neuro ...
... areal and laminar density of neurons, glia and neurons positive for the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) among 21 prefrontal areas or subdivisions of areas. Neuronal density varied among the prefrontal cortices (range: 38 569 ± 4078 to 58 708 ± 2327 neuro ...
kwanPNAS08
... alterations in neuronal migration. Therefore, we used 5-chloro2-deoxyuridine (CldU) and IdU to birth-date SP and deep-layer neurons at E11.5, E12.5, and E13.5 (n ⫽ 3 per genotype) and upper-layer neurons at E15.5 and E16.5 (n ⫽ 2) and then analyzed their radial distribution at P0 (Fig. S7). In the K ...
... alterations in neuronal migration. Therefore, we used 5-chloro2-deoxyuridine (CldU) and IdU to birth-date SP and deep-layer neurons at E11.5, E12.5, and E13.5 (n ⫽ 3 per genotype) and upper-layer neurons at E15.5 and E16.5 (n ⫽ 2) and then analyzed their radial distribution at P0 (Fig. S7). In the K ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... For the 10 questions of the quiz, you will see screens for 30 secs. with “riddles” about Action Potentials. Write JUST THE ANSWER to the riddle next to the number (do NOT have to write complete sentences)! When finished, turn your paper OVER so that NO ANSWERS are showing! ...
... For the 10 questions of the quiz, you will see screens for 30 secs. with “riddles” about Action Potentials. Write JUST THE ANSWER to the riddle next to the number (do NOT have to write complete sentences)! When finished, turn your paper OVER so that NO ANSWERS are showing! ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... two dendrites, two somata or a dendrite and a soma; asymmetrical filamentous contacts occur between axon terminals and dendrites, or occasionally somata, chiefly between the large specific afferent axon terminals of the synaptic glomeruli and the shafts of relay cell dendrites. Both are arranged as ...
... two dendrites, two somata or a dendrite and a soma; asymmetrical filamentous contacts occur between axon terminals and dendrites, or occasionally somata, chiefly between the large specific afferent axon terminals of the synaptic glomeruli and the shafts of relay cell dendrites. Both are arranged as ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... the extracellular spike, and these amplitude changes are dependent on the state of the network. In addition, intracellular recordings from dendrites with simultaneous extracellular recordings from the soma indicate that, on average, action potentials are initiated in the perisomatic region and propa ...
... the extracellular spike, and these amplitude changes are dependent on the state of the network. In addition, intracellular recordings from dendrites with simultaneous extracellular recordings from the soma indicate that, on average, action potentials are initiated in the perisomatic region and propa ...
Reciprocal Connectivity of Identified Color
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of action potential generation, its impact on extracellular field and local network establishme ...
... malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of action potential generation, its impact on extracellular field and local network establishme ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... cingulate gyrus in a wide variety of affective, cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. These studies highlighted the need for detailed anatomic analyses to delineate its many cortical fields more clearly. In the present study, neurofilament protein, and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, ca ...
... cingulate gyrus in a wide variety of affective, cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. These studies highlighted the need for detailed anatomic analyses to delineate its many cortical fields more clearly. In the present study, neurofilament protein, and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, ca ...
PDF
... neurons had become fragmented into an accumulation of electron-dense granules by invading slender astrocytic cell processes containing glycogen granules and fibrils (Figure 2B–C). Small spots of condensed chromatin were scattered in the nucleus (Figure 2C, inset). These fragmented dark neurons were ...
... neurons had become fragmented into an accumulation of electron-dense granules by invading slender astrocytic cell processes containing glycogen granules and fibrils (Figure 2B–C). Small spots of condensed chromatin were scattered in the nucleus (Figure 2C, inset). These fragmented dark neurons were ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). ...
... (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
... in b. (b) CX neuropils are interconnected by projections from columnar neurons and tangential neurons (FB-EB neurons and EB-ring neurons). Histological, immunocytochemical, and clonal analyses demonstrate that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules e ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Spindles occur when aminergic input is slowly withdrawn during early NREM sleep leading to bursts of action potentials in reticular neurons. This leads to excitatory potential in cortical neurons signaled as spindles. Spindles are inhibited during wakefulness and REM sleep by tonic firing of thalami ...
... Spindles occur when aminergic input is slowly withdrawn during early NREM sleep leading to bursts of action potentials in reticular neurons. This leads to excitatory potential in cortical neurons signaled as spindles. Spindles are inhibited during wakefulness and REM sleep by tonic firing of thalami ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... Figure 1. (A) Digital photomontage of a frontal section through ferret area PSS, parietal cortex PPc and temporal cortex stained for myeloarchitecture. Arrows point to the myeloarchitectonic borders of area PSS. Area PSS is characterized by dense myelination in all cortical layers. By contrast, in a ...
... Figure 1. (A) Digital photomontage of a frontal section through ferret area PSS, parietal cortex PPc and temporal cortex stained for myeloarchitecture. Arrows point to the myeloarchitectonic borders of area PSS. Area PSS is characterized by dense myelination in all cortical layers. By contrast, in a ...