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... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... of the vibrissal hairs are innervated by as many as 200 large myelinated axons whose parent cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion (63; see also Ref. 28). Physiological studies have demonstrated that these first-order afferent fibers functionally innervate not more than one whisker (79; ...
... of the vibrissal hairs are innervated by as many as 200 large myelinated axons whose parent cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion (63; see also Ref. 28). Physiological studies have demonstrated that these first-order afferent fibers functionally innervate not more than one whisker (79; ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... white-noise inputs to the inhibitory pools. We then examined the impact on network behavior of varying the strength of the inhibitory parameter Jei, which represented the strength of inhibition exerted by inhibitory neurons on their excitatory targets. As inhibition increased, the behavior of the ne ...
... white-noise inputs to the inhibitory pools. We then examined the impact on network behavior of varying the strength of the inhibitory parameter Jei, which represented the strength of inhibition exerted by inhibitory neurons on their excitatory targets. As inhibition increased, the behavior of the ne ...
Electrical Synapses in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... 166 ⫾ 54 M⍀ (all reported data are means ⫾ SD), and the time constant was 13.1 ⫾ 3.7 msec (n ⫽ 45). The properties of the mouse cells are reported below. Cell pairs were spaced ⬍35 m apart (Fig. 1 B). Four TRN cells were injected with neurobiotin, and their morphology was reconstructed. In all case ...
... 166 ⫾ 54 M⍀ (all reported data are means ⫾ SD), and the time constant was 13.1 ⫾ 3.7 msec (n ⫽ 45). The properties of the mouse cells are reported below. Cell pairs were spaced ⬍35 m apart (Fig. 1 B). Four TRN cells were injected with neurobiotin, and their morphology was reconstructed. In all case ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... Although there are many representative freehand and camera lucida drawings of cerebellar cortex neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1909, 1911; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1972; Palay and ChanPalay, 1974; Braak and Braak, 1983; Bishop, 1993; Lainé and Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digita ...
... Although there are many representative freehand and camera lucida drawings of cerebellar cortex neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1909, 1911; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1972; Palay and ChanPalay, 1974; Braak and Braak, 1983; Bishop, 1993; Lainé and Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digita ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... density and arrangement of synaptic circuits. Despite the obvious need for a comprehensive quantitative study of synaptic changes covering the complete period of maturation ofthe visual cortex, a detailed account is still lacking. The problem has been that both light and electron microscopic methods ...
... density and arrangement of synaptic circuits. Despite the obvious need for a comprehensive quantitative study of synaptic changes covering the complete period of maturation ofthe visual cortex, a detailed account is still lacking. The problem has been that both light and electron microscopic methods ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... The brain is a complex computing machine which is evolving to give the “fittest” output to a given input. Neural computation has as goal to describe the function of the nervous system in mathematical terms. By analysing or simulating the resulting equations, one can better understand its function, r ...
... The brain is a complex computing machine which is evolving to give the “fittest” output to a given input. Neural computation has as goal to describe the function of the nervous system in mathematical terms. By analysing or simulating the resulting equations, one can better understand its function, r ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... beta frequency range (15–40 Hz) are ubiquitous in the motor cortex of mammals including monkeys15–18 and humans19,20. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that across the precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized ...
... beta frequency range (15–40 Hz) are ubiquitous in the motor cortex of mammals including monkeys15–18 and humans19,20. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that across the precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized ...
Motor systems Basal ganglia
... GP(internal). The cells in GP(internal) that project to VA/VL also use GABA. So, the cortical signal excites striatal neurons, which results in MORE inhibition from striatum to GP(internal). More inhibition of GP(internal) means LESS inhibition of motor thalamus (VA/VL). Since the motor thalamus rec ...
... GP(internal). The cells in GP(internal) that project to VA/VL also use GABA. So, the cortical signal excites striatal neurons, which results in MORE inhibition from striatum to GP(internal). More inhibition of GP(internal) means LESS inhibition of motor thalamus (VA/VL). Since the motor thalamus rec ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... These pictures included important landmarks such as cortical sulci and major blood vessels. As each injection was made, its location was marked on an enlarged version of each picture. This information was used to aid in the reconstruction of injection needle tracks from single sections of tissue. Wh ...
... These pictures included important landmarks such as cortical sulci and major blood vessels. As each injection was made, its location was marked on an enlarged version of each picture. This information was used to aid in the reconstruction of injection needle tracks from single sections of tissue. Wh ...
Zebrafish and motor control over the last decade
... documenting the ability to reliably image groups of motoneurons in vivo during an escape response and showing how massive the recruitment of motoneurons is during the escape bend in fish. Every imaged motoneuron was activated when an escape was triggered by a tap on the head of the fish. The backfil ...
... documenting the ability to reliably image groups of motoneurons in vivo during an escape response and showing how massive the recruitment of motoneurons is during the escape bend in fish. Every imaged motoneuron was activated when an escape was triggered by a tap on the head of the fish. The backfil ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... b. they will be from endings of more than one axon c. only EPSP or IPSP types will be present d. both spatial and temporal methods will be utilized e. when no impulse is required, the site is kept depolarized just below threshold ...
... b. they will be from endings of more than one axon c. only EPSP or IPSP types will be present d. both spatial and temporal methods will be utilized e. when no impulse is required, the site is kept depolarized just below threshold ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... Copyright: ß 2010 Szatmáry, Izhikevich. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was ...
... Copyright: ß 2010 Szatmáry, Izhikevich. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... Compared to most other examples of large scale synapse rewiring involving neurite growth, retraction, or in some cases, even the death of inappropriately connected neurons,32 DD remodeling appears to be unique. However, the discovery of this unique form of neural plasticity is primarily because of o ...
... Compared to most other examples of large scale synapse rewiring involving neurite growth, retraction, or in some cases, even the death of inappropriately connected neurons,32 DD remodeling appears to be unique. However, the discovery of this unique form of neural plasticity is primarily because of o ...
敌獳湯⌠ⴷ8
... Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cellular processes, of which the majority are granule cell axons—parallel fibers, see below— and Purkinje cell dendrites. A few neurons are found among the fibers (stellate cells, basket cells, Golgi cells), which function as inhibi ...
... Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cellular processes, of which the majority are granule cell axons—parallel fibers, see below— and Purkinje cell dendrites. A few neurons are found among the fibers (stellate cells, basket cells, Golgi cells), which function as inhibi ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... cells, called mossy fibers because of their elaborate axon terminals, form synapses with the dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons, while the axons of CA3 pyramidal neurons form extensive recurrent connections via association fibers (that is, they synapse onto CA3 pyramidal neurons, including themselve ...
... cells, called mossy fibers because of their elaborate axon terminals, form synapses with the dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons, while the axons of CA3 pyramidal neurons form extensive recurrent connections via association fibers (that is, they synapse onto CA3 pyramidal neurons, including themselve ...
Overview Synaptic plasticity Synaptic strength
... • CaMKII holoenzyme consists of 6 subunits. • Each subunit can be in: – active, phosphorylated state; – not active, dephosphorylated state. ...
... • CaMKII holoenzyme consists of 6 subunits. • Each subunit can be in: – active, phosphorylated state; – not active, dephosphorylated state. ...
Extended PDF
... of the developing neocortex are the progenitors that produce nearly all excitatory neurons (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). Prior to neurogenesis, radial glial progenitors (RGPs) divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor pool. During the neurogenic phase, RGPs are believed to divide asymm ...
... of the developing neocortex are the progenitors that produce nearly all excitatory neurons (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). Prior to neurogenesis, radial glial progenitors (RGPs) divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor pool. During the neurogenic phase, RGPs are believed to divide asymm ...
Cortical representations of olfactory input by trans
... thus receives direct input from a single olfactory receptor neuron class. Mitral cell axons relay information to the olfactory cortex (Supplementary Fig. 1a). Previous axon tracing studies showed that individual mitral cells send axons to distinct cortical areas, and that small cortical regions rece ...
... thus receives direct input from a single olfactory receptor neuron class. Mitral cell axons relay information to the olfactory cortex (Supplementary Fig. 1a). Previous axon tracing studies showed that individual mitral cells send axons to distinct cortical areas, and that small cortical regions rece ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... The extracellular levels of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cerebral cortex, are regulated by specific high-affinity, Na+/Cl dependent transporters. Four distinct genes encoding GABA transporters (GATs), named GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1 have bee ...
... The extracellular levels of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cerebral cortex, are regulated by specific high-affinity, Na+/Cl dependent transporters. Four distinct genes encoding GABA transporters (GATs), named GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1 have bee ...
Receptores Monoaminérgicos en Corteza Prefrontal: Mecanismo de Acción de Fármacos Antipsicóticos
... effects of PCP on PFC function and the possible ...
... effects of PCP on PFC function and the possible ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... As defined by exponents (b) of power functions relating instantaneous discharge frequency to displacement ramp velocity, SA neurons formed a single, homogeneous group (range of values of b = 0.633-0.720). However, RA neurons fell into three distinct groups: those showing relatively steep functions ( ...
... As defined by exponents (b) of power functions relating instantaneous discharge frequency to displacement ramp velocity, SA neurons formed a single, homogeneous group (range of values of b = 0.633-0.720). However, RA neurons fell into three distinct groups: those showing relatively steep functions ( ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... cell groups. Changing levels of adenosine and other substances, acting via specific receptors in these circuits mediate the homeostatic sleep pressure. The sleep-wake cycle is modulated by activity of hypothalamic circadian system. Wake-promoting neurons use noradrenaline, serotonin, histamin, acety ...
... cell groups. Changing levels of adenosine and other substances, acting via specific receptors in these circuits mediate the homeostatic sleep pressure. The sleep-wake cycle is modulated by activity of hypothalamic circadian system. Wake-promoting neurons use noradrenaline, serotonin, histamin, acety ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 40.9 Schematic representation of the REM sleep generation process. A distributed network involves cells at brain levels from the spinal cord to the cortex (listed on the left). The network is represented as a diagram of three neuronal systems (aminergic, reticular, and sensorimotor) that med ...
... FIGURE 40.9 Schematic representation of the REM sleep generation process. A distributed network involves cells at brain levels from the spinal cord to the cortex (listed on the left). The network is represented as a diagram of three neuronal systems (aminergic, reticular, and sensorimotor) that med ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... bimodal ISI distribution (Figure 3). Bursts of DA neurons tend to be different from bursting described for neurons in other regions in three primary ways: (1) they cannot be elicited by short, depolarizing current pulses; (2) they have a much larger ISI than is typical for bursting neurons; and (3) ...
... bimodal ISI distribution (Figure 3). Bursts of DA neurons tend to be different from bursting described for neurons in other regions in three primary ways: (1) they cannot be elicited by short, depolarizing current pulses; (2) they have a much larger ISI than is typical for bursting neurons; and (3) ...