Loss of IP receptor function in neuropeptide Drosophila
... neurosecretory cells as well as the stomatogastric nervous system. Conversely, expression of an itpr+ cDNA in the same set of peptidergic neurons rescues metabolic defects of itprku mutants. Transcript levels of a gene encoding a gastric lipase CG5932 (magro), which is known to regulate triacylglyce ...
... neurosecretory cells as well as the stomatogastric nervous system. Conversely, expression of an itpr+ cDNA in the same set of peptidergic neurons rescues metabolic defects of itprku mutants. Transcript levels of a gene encoding a gastric lipase CG5932 (magro), which is known to regulate triacylglyce ...
J Darnell, KH2 domain I304N RGG G
... (epsp size used to measure synapse formation; EM confirmation as well as visible varicosities; when a different target neuron is co-cultured these varicosities don’t form full synaptic specialization) Presynaptic growth is not affected by Ab; synapse-formation specific effect Sensorin increases MAPK ...
... (epsp size used to measure synapse formation; EM confirmation as well as visible varicosities; when a different target neuron is co-cultured these varicosities don’t form full synaptic specialization) Presynaptic growth is not affected by Ab; synapse-formation specific effect Sensorin increases MAPK ...
Sleep and sleep states: Thalamic regulation
... by oscillations, such as delta oscillations and slower oscillations. The thalamus, together with the cortex, participates in generating and sustaining these oscillations. Delta waves were observed in the isolated cortex in vivo by Frost and colleagues in 1966, and delta-wave activity has been found ...
... by oscillations, such as delta oscillations and slower oscillations. The thalamus, together with the cortex, participates in generating and sustaining these oscillations. Delta waves were observed in the isolated cortex in vivo by Frost and colleagues in 1966, and delta-wave activity has been found ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... response may serve to provide a relatively precise timestamp for modulation of corticostriatal synapses [118,119], strengthening those striatal input–output connections active at the time the reward stimulus was presented. It has been suggested that the post-excitatory inhibitory phase associated wi ...
... response may serve to provide a relatively precise timestamp for modulation of corticostriatal synapses [118,119], strengthening those striatal input–output connections active at the time the reward stimulus was presented. It has been suggested that the post-excitatory inhibitory phase associated wi ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...
... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Greenamyre et al., 1984) suggesting that amino acids may function as sensory transmitters released from cutaneous afferents. Direct confirmation of the role of acidic amino acids as primary sensory transmitters is still lacking. In studies with intact spinal cord prep ...
... dorsal horn of rat spinal cord (Greenamyre et al., 1984) suggesting that amino acids may function as sensory transmitters released from cutaneous afferents. Direct confirmation of the role of acidic amino acids as primary sensory transmitters is still lacking. In studies with intact spinal cord prep ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... of dark material. Much of this material consists of protein receptor molecules that receive chemical messages. Micrographs also reveal some dark patches on the presynaptic membrane, the membrane of the axon terminal, although these patches are harder to see. Here, too, the patches are protein molecu ...
... of dark material. Much of this material consists of protein receptor molecules that receive chemical messages. Micrographs also reveal some dark patches on the presynaptic membrane, the membrane of the axon terminal, although these patches are harder to see. Here, too, the patches are protein molecu ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... possibly including the adrenergic neurons, directly innervate preganglionk neurons in the spinal cord, and are tonically active and sympathoexdtatory. The excitatory transmitter released into the spinal cord is unknown. The discharge of Cl area neurons is locked to the cardiac cycle and, in turn, le ...
... possibly including the adrenergic neurons, directly innervate preganglionk neurons in the spinal cord, and are tonically active and sympathoexdtatory. The excitatory transmitter released into the spinal cord is unknown. The discharge of Cl area neurons is locked to the cardiac cycle and, in turn, le ...
Traveling Theta Waves along the Entire
... intermediate hippocampus were similar at all recording sites, with the phase of theta gradually shifting from the dorsal (septal) to intermediate sites of the CA1 layer (Figures 2E, 3F, and S3). Theta waves were phase shifted by approximately a half cycle, i.e., 180 between the septal and ventral ( ...
... intermediate hippocampus were similar at all recording sites, with the phase of theta gradually shifting from the dorsal (septal) to intermediate sites of the CA1 layer (Figures 2E, 3F, and S3). Theta waves were phase shifted by approximately a half cycle, i.e., 180 between the septal and ventral ( ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... neurons are glutamatergic propriobulbar interneurons that selectively innervate the ventral respiratory column and other medullary regions essential to breathing. Their response to CO2 is presumably intrinsic. RTN neurons uniformly express Phox2b, a transcription factor whose mutation in man causes ...
... neurons are glutamatergic propriobulbar interneurons that selectively innervate the ventral respiratory column and other medullary regions essential to breathing. Their response to CO2 is presumably intrinsic. RTN neurons uniformly express Phox2b, a transcription factor whose mutation in man causes ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... vesicle clusters. However, upon electrical activity, a calciumdependent depolymerization of the actin cortex may allow vesicles to penetrate it, thus allowing the coupling of actin with the myosin that travels with the vesicle clusters. This ...
... vesicle clusters. However, upon electrical activity, a calciumdependent depolymerization of the actin cortex may allow vesicles to penetrate it, thus allowing the coupling of actin with the myosin that travels with the vesicle clusters. This ...
Effect of dopamine receptor stimulation on voltage
... receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential and on voltage-dependent fast-inactivating Na+ currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons obtained from adult (9-week-old) rats. Treatment of the pyramidal neurons with SKF 38393 did not affect the membrane potential recorded with the perforated- ...
... receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential and on voltage-dependent fast-inactivating Na+ currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons obtained from adult (9-week-old) rats. Treatment of the pyramidal neurons with SKF 38393 did not affect the membrane potential recorded with the perforated- ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... animals showed similar persistent Up states. However, the relatively longer duration of Down states observed under anesthesia, compared to normal sleep, allows unequivocal detection, and more accurate analysis, of the temporal dynamics of persistent activity and its influence on cortico-hippocampal ...
... animals showed similar persistent Up states. However, the relatively longer duration of Down states observed under anesthesia, compared to normal sleep, allows unequivocal detection, and more accurate analysis, of the temporal dynamics of persistent activity and its influence on cortico-hippocampal ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... and pathways from polysensory regions, such as the midbrain tegmentum and deep layers of the superior colliculus. The spinothalamic tract projects most heavily to the rostromedial region of the medial division bordering the ventrobasal complex. The auditory input from the central nucleus of the infe ...
... and pathways from polysensory regions, such as the midbrain tegmentum and deep layers of the superior colliculus. The spinothalamic tract projects most heavily to the rostromedial region of the medial division bordering the ventrobasal complex. The auditory input from the central nucleus of the infe ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... reinforcement (Burke et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012). Blocking the output from a subset of these that are labeled by the 0104-GAL4 driver impairs short-term sweetness-reinforced and longer-term nutrient-reinforced sugar memory (Burke et al., 2012). Furthermore, pairing thermogenetic activation of th ...
... reinforcement (Burke et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012). Blocking the output from a subset of these that are labeled by the 0104-GAL4 driver impairs short-term sweetness-reinforced and longer-term nutrient-reinforced sugar memory (Burke et al., 2012). Furthermore, pairing thermogenetic activation of th ...
Do distinct populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons account for
... could be blocked by capsazepine in a dose-dependent manner at pH 6 and pH 5 which points to the existence of TRPV1 receptor channels in these cells (Fig. 1B). No effects of amiloride could be observed on the sustained currents. Additionally, observed transient currents could be blocked by amiloride ...
... could be blocked by capsazepine in a dose-dependent manner at pH 6 and pH 5 which points to the existence of TRPV1 receptor channels in these cells (Fig. 1B). No effects of amiloride could be observed on the sustained currents. Additionally, observed transient currents could be blocked by amiloride ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... next location. All of the recordings were made in the dorsal occipital lobe, the region of V1 representing foveal and parafoveal vision (0 – 4° eccentricity in squirrel monkeys and 0 –10° in owl monkeys). At each site, the orientation preference and the range of orientations that elicited responses ...
... next location. All of the recordings were made in the dorsal occipital lobe, the region of V1 representing foveal and parafoveal vision (0 – 4° eccentricity in squirrel monkeys and 0 –10° in owl monkeys). At each site, the orientation preference and the range of orientations that elicited responses ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... inhibition are 200 and 100 μm, respectively, derived from neuroanatomical measurements as in McLaughlin et al. (2000). In our network, we needed to introduce 50% sparsity for excitatory-excitatory and excitatory-inhibitory connections in order to obtain selectivities like those seen in V1. These spa ...
... inhibition are 200 and 100 μm, respectively, derived from neuroanatomical measurements as in McLaughlin et al. (2000). In our network, we needed to introduce 50% sparsity for excitatory-excitatory and excitatory-inhibitory connections in order to obtain selectivities like those seen in V1. These spa ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... random a signal, the more information it contains, provided the proper decoding mechanism exists (Shannon 1948). Thus the more random the intervals between the spikes and the more precisely these intervals can be detected, the more information a neuron could convey to other neurons. This general pri ...
... random a signal, the more information it contains, provided the proper decoding mechanism exists (Shannon 1948). Thus the more random the intervals between the spikes and the more precisely these intervals can be detected, the more information a neuron could convey to other neurons. This general pri ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
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... ability to be transported effectively over long distances [2,16]. They also are used together in double labeling experiments, because FB and DiY have similar retrograde transport rates and they accumulate in different compartments of the cell – DiY mainly labels the cell nucleus, whereas FB labels t ...
... ability to be transported effectively over long distances [2,16]. They also are used together in double labeling experiments, because FB and DiY have similar retrograde transport rates and they accumulate in different compartments of the cell – DiY mainly labels the cell nucleus, whereas FB labels t ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... ChAT+ neurons, with or without neurite outgrowth and with mainly round or oval perikarya were observed (Fig. 1a). Most of the neurite-bearing neurons occurred singly or in sparsely populated groups, while those without neurite outgrowth appeared in clusters. The highest number of neurons per chamber ...
... ChAT+ neurons, with or without neurite outgrowth and with mainly round or oval perikarya were observed (Fig. 1a). Most of the neurite-bearing neurons occurred singly or in sparsely populated groups, while those without neurite outgrowth appeared in clusters. The highest number of neurons per chamber ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... output function g(.) was a nonlinear threshold function with the following characteristics: for ..a, - 0 > 0, g&u,) = ,,a, - 8; for ,,a, - 0 2 0, g&u,) = 0. The threshold 0 was set at 0.4 for region CA 1. L,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum lacunosum-moleculare from neuron j in en ...
... output function g(.) was a nonlinear threshold function with the following characteristics: for ..a, - 0 > 0, g&u,) = ,,a, - 8; for ,,a, - 0 2 0, g&u,) = 0. The threshold 0 was set at 0.4 for region CA 1. L,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum lacunosum-moleculare from neuron j in en ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... impaired in α3 integrin null cells (Fig. 5). The rate of polymerization or depolymerization of actin microspikes within a 1000 µm2 area at the leading edge was measured over time. In wild-type cells, actin microspike elongation or retraction occurred at a rate of 1.27±0.06 µm/minute (n=51), whereas ...
... impaired in α3 integrin null cells (Fig. 5). The rate of polymerization or depolymerization of actin microspikes within a 1000 µm2 area at the leading edge was measured over time. In wild-type cells, actin microspike elongation or retraction occurred at a rate of 1.27±0.06 µm/minute (n=51), whereas ...