NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... neurons, but that NMDA receptors transmit the information to higher-order NTS neurons. We similarly concluded that non-NMDA receptors largely mediate activation of NTS neurons by cardiopulmonary C fiber afferent input (Wilson et al. 1996). Together the data suggest that baroreceptor and cardiopulmon ...
... neurons, but that NMDA receptors transmit the information to higher-order NTS neurons. We similarly concluded that non-NMDA receptors largely mediate activation of NTS neurons by cardiopulmonary C fiber afferent input (Wilson et al. 1996). Together the data suggest that baroreceptor and cardiopulmon ...
Functional characterization of the synaptic
... underlying etiology of the various disorders might be different, all of them lead to similar brain dysfunctions (defects of the sensory and motor system) and to comparable cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Epilepsy represents a complex and multifactorial disease which is accompanied by neur ...
... underlying etiology of the various disorders might be different, all of them lead to similar brain dysfunctions (defects of the sensory and motor system) and to comparable cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Epilepsy represents a complex and multifactorial disease which is accompanied by neur ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... Excitatory thalamic input induces a rapid and strong feedforward inhibition, limiting spread of excitation both spatially and temporally. Some inhibitory L4 interneurons are excited directly by the thalamocortical afferents (Bruno and Simons 2002; Galarreta and Hestrin 2002; Porter et al. 2001; Stai ...
... Excitatory thalamic input induces a rapid and strong feedforward inhibition, limiting spread of excitation both spatially and temporally. Some inhibitory L4 interneurons are excited directly by the thalamocortical afferents (Bruno and Simons 2002; Galarreta and Hestrin 2002; Porter et al. 2001; Stai ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... greater than 0.75 for the Gaussian model (as per Hair et al. 2012). Some units exhibited activity ...
... greater than 0.75 for the Gaussian model (as per Hair et al. 2012). Some units exhibited activity ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic
... and R A, dual-labeling immunofluorescence techniques were used to visualize infected neurons. One bin of free-floating sections (section frequency of 200 m) was incubated for 2 d at 4°C in a combination of mouse anti--galactosidase (Sigma, St. L ouis, MO; 1:1,500) and rabbit anti-green fluorescent ...
... and R A, dual-labeling immunofluorescence techniques were used to visualize infected neurons. One bin of free-floating sections (section frequency of 200 m) was incubated for 2 d at 4°C in a combination of mouse anti--galactosidase (Sigma, St. L ouis, MO; 1:1,500) and rabbit anti-green fluorescent ...
hormonal control of cell form and number
... guttata) at hatching exerts effects on brain sexual differentiation. Within a telencephalic station (the nucleus robustus archistriatalis, RA) of the neural pathway which participates in the efferent control of song, masculinization of several indices of neuronal size is induced by exposure to T or ...
... guttata) at hatching exerts effects on brain sexual differentiation. Within a telencephalic station (the nucleus robustus archistriatalis, RA) of the neural pathway which participates in the efferent control of song, masculinization of several indices of neuronal size is induced by exposure to T or ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... respond to this specific sensory input. The problem with this approach is that sub-cortical structures typically contain much more quantifiable stimulus information than the cerebral cortex. The conclusion from this has been that neocortical circuits either lose information, or at least represent it u ...
... respond to this specific sensory input. The problem with this approach is that sub-cortical structures typically contain much more quantifiable stimulus information than the cerebral cortex. The conclusion from this has been that neocortical circuits either lose information, or at least represent it u ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... behaviors toward natural and pharmacological rewards. Supporting this idea, reports in rats indicate that voluntary intake, but not passive administration, of either food or cocaine is equally effective in enhancing synaptic strength onto VTA DA neurons ex vivo (Chen et al., 2008). Thus, the VTA is ...
... behaviors toward natural and pharmacological rewards. Supporting this idea, reports in rats indicate that voluntary intake, but not passive administration, of either food or cocaine is equally effective in enhancing synaptic strength onto VTA DA neurons ex vivo (Chen et al., 2008). Thus, the VTA is ...
Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Cortical Circuits
... and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that can be distinguished by their morphology, input and output connectivity, laminar location, fir ...
... and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that can be distinguished by their morphology, input and output connectivity, laminar location, fir ...
Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
Activity of Ventral Medial Thalamic Neurons during
... Cortical cells, located in the orofacial motor cortex, were recorded within 300 m of the EEG electrode at the following coordinates: 12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line, 3– 4 mm lateral to the midline, and 0.93–2.72 mm below the cortical surface, indicating a somatic localization in the layers ...
... Cortical cells, located in the orofacial motor cortex, were recorded within 300 m of the EEG electrode at the following coordinates: 12.5 mm anterior to the interaural line, 3– 4 mm lateral to the midline, and 0.93–2.72 mm below the cortical surface, indicating a somatic localization in the layers ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction, like visual transduction, proceeds via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The existence of an ionic conductance in olfactory cilia tha ...
... Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction, like visual transduction, proceeds via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The existence of an ionic conductance in olfactory cilia tha ...
Layer II/III of the Prefrontal Cortex: Inhibition by the Serotonin
... Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L4, Canada, and 3Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India ...
... Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L4, Canada, and 3Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... progenitors into GABAergic cells or their further diversification into different interneuron subtypes. In previous work, we found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFR␣1 promote the differentiation and migration of immature GABAergic interneurons derived from t ...
... progenitors into GABAergic cells or their further diversification into different interneuron subtypes. In previous work, we found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFR␣1 promote the differentiation and migration of immature GABAergic interneurons derived from t ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
disparity detection from stereo
... means that when a neuron fires, the nearby neurons in its local area are more likely to fire. This leads to a smoother representational map. The topographic map can be realized by not only considering a nonzero-responding neuron as a winner, but also its 3 3 neighbors, which are the neurons with the ...
... means that when a neuron fires, the nearby neurons in its local area are more likely to fire. This leads to a smoother representational map. The topographic map can be realized by not only considering a nonzero-responding neuron as a winner, but also its 3 3 neighbors, which are the neurons with the ...
Activity-dependent editing of neuromuscular synaptic connections
... of inputs innervating target cells, from many inputs to fewer, as in preganglionic inputs to autonomic ganglia neurons [51], as well as from many inputs to a single input, as in motor neuron inputs to skeletal muscle [9,74]. While synaptic editing leads to a frank loss of axonal inputs and synapses, ...
... of inputs innervating target cells, from many inputs to fewer, as in preganglionic inputs to autonomic ganglia neurons [51], as well as from many inputs to a single input, as in motor neuron inputs to skeletal muscle [9,74]. While synaptic editing leads to a frank loss of axonal inputs and synapses, ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... The volumes of four control regions were also determined with a SPOT Insight Color video camera and SPOT Advanced imaging software (Diagnostic Instruments, Version 2.4.5 for Windows): (a) the hyperstriatum accessorium (HA), (b) the hyperstriatum ventrale and hyperstriatum dorsale together (HV/HD), ( ...
... The volumes of four control regions were also determined with a SPOT Insight Color video camera and SPOT Advanced imaging software (Diagnostic Instruments, Version 2.4.5 for Windows): (a) the hyperstriatum accessorium (HA), (b) the hyperstriatum ventrale and hyperstriatum dorsale together (HV/HD), ( ...
Fates of Visual Cortical Neurons in the Ferret After lsochronic and
... Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk lnsititue for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 ...
... Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk lnsititue for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... in living coronal brain slices (typically ~400 μm thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological properties of neurons and interlaminar flow of neural i ...
... in living coronal brain slices (typically ~400 μm thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological properties of neurons and interlaminar flow of neural i ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... of labeled cells and, qualitatively, this overlap seemed related to at least three factors. One influence on the overlapping of patches of cells from different tracers was the relative distance between injection sites. For example, in case 92-8 1, there was a slight overlapping of populations of FR- ...
... of labeled cells and, qualitatively, this overlap seemed related to at least three factors. One influence on the overlapping of patches of cells from different tracers was the relative distance between injection sites. For example, in case 92-8 1, there was a slight overlapping of populations of FR- ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... circuitry between the cerebellar nuclei and cortex. The cerebellar cortex receives glutamatergic climbing fiber (CF) and mossy fiber (MF) inputs from inferior olive and other pre-cerebellar nuclei, respectively, while the cerebellar nuclei receive axon collaterals of the same CF and MF inputs (Voogd ...
... circuitry between the cerebellar nuclei and cortex. The cerebellar cortex receives glutamatergic climbing fiber (CF) and mossy fiber (MF) inputs from inferior olive and other pre-cerebellar nuclei, respectively, while the cerebellar nuclei receive axon collaterals of the same CF and MF inputs (Voogd ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... (IPSPs) m most of the neurons examined The polarity of IPSPs was reversed in the depolarizing dlrectton by intraceUular injectton of CI- Bath applicauon of bmueulhn¢ markedly suppressed IPSP~ and unmasked monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptlc potenttal~ {EPSPs) The EPSP was able to trigger a slow dep ...
... (IPSPs) m most of the neurons examined The polarity of IPSPs was reversed in the depolarizing dlrectton by intraceUular injectton of CI- Bath applicauon of bmueulhn¢ markedly suppressed IPSP~ and unmasked monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptlc potenttal~ {EPSPs) The EPSP was able to trigger a slow dep ...