THE PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS: Towards a Functional
... (without any distinction between cholinergic or non-cholinergic cells) and has two different characteristics; they possess either short duration action potentials, slow axonal conduction times and high frequencies of discharge, or long action potentials, fast conduction and slow frequencies of disch ...
... (without any distinction between cholinergic or non-cholinergic cells) and has two different characteristics; they possess either short duration action potentials, slow axonal conduction times and high frequencies of discharge, or long action potentials, fast conduction and slow frequencies of disch ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... day. Each trial consisted of a sample phase followed by a choice phase. During the sample phase (Fig. 1A), a randomly positioned object covered a baited food-well in one of 15 spatial locations along the centermost row of food-wells perpendicular to the start box. The rat was placed in the start box ...
... day. Each trial consisted of a sample phase followed by a choice phase. During the sample phase (Fig. 1A), a randomly positioned object covered a baited food-well in one of 15 spatial locations along the centermost row of food-wells perpendicular to the start box. The rat was placed in the start box ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... Thomson et al. 1996), and because two major features of the recently described FRB neurons have conventionally been attributed to only FS neurons. Indeed, FRB neurons fire brief spikes (0.25–0.4 ms at half-amplitude), and, if the strength of the depolarizing pulse slightly exceeds the level where it ...
... Thomson et al. 1996), and because two major features of the recently described FRB neurons have conventionally been attributed to only FS neurons. Indeed, FRB neurons fire brief spikes (0.25–0.4 ms at half-amplitude), and, if the strength of the depolarizing pulse slightly exceeds the level where it ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... (Fig. 2.3). The end result of the branching is that a relatively small number of OC neurons gives rise to numerous synapses in the cochlea. LOC fibers synapse mainly on dendrites of auditory nerve fibers beneath IHCs. In the cat, those dendrites contacting the IHC on its modiolar side, which corresp ...
... (Fig. 2.3). The end result of the branching is that a relatively small number of OC neurons gives rise to numerous synapses in the cochlea. LOC fibers synapse mainly on dendrites of auditory nerve fibers beneath IHCs. In the cat, those dendrites contacting the IHC on its modiolar side, which corresp ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... and other functional neuronal processing in the monkey prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 761–774, 1997. Single-neuron activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex of three monkeys during the performance of a spatial delayed alternation (DA) task and during the presentation of a variety of vi ...
... and other functional neuronal processing in the monkey prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 761–774, 1997. Single-neuron activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex of three monkeys during the performance of a spatial delayed alternation (DA) task and during the presentation of a variety of vi ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... The complexity and simplicity of dopamine neurons Dopamine neurons have a complex organisation and afferent input at level of SNC (normality) The projections of dopamine neurons are extremely complex and massive (complexity) Responses of dopamine neurons are relatively simple and uniform (simpli ...
... The complexity and simplicity of dopamine neurons Dopamine neurons have a complex organisation and afferent input at level of SNC (normality) The projections of dopamine neurons are extremely complex and massive (complexity) Responses of dopamine neurons are relatively simple and uniform (simpli ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... Although there is a broad consensus that spines that form as a result of neuronal activity are likely to become part of synapses, important details about the temporal and spatial dynamics of spine-based activity-dependent synaptogenesis have remained unresolved. Here we set out to examine directly t ...
... Although there is a broad consensus that spines that form as a result of neuronal activity are likely to become part of synapses, important details about the temporal and spatial dynamics of spine-based activity-dependent synaptogenesis have remained unresolved. Here we set out to examine directly t ...
neural_networks
... neural network : an organized system of neurons Operate on patterns in very high-dimensional spaces—e.g., many neurons in the neocortex receive 5,000-20,000 excitatory inputs and thus process patterns in 5,000-20,000 dimensions. Each neuron is part of a network that processes information in an even ...
... neural network : an organized system of neurons Operate on patterns in very high-dimensional spaces—e.g., many neurons in the neocortex receive 5,000-20,000 excitatory inputs and thus process patterns in 5,000-20,000 dimensions. Each neuron is part of a network that processes information in an even ...
Cues that hippocampal place cells encode
... The aim of the present experiment was to examine how different types of stimuli, singly and collectively, influenced hippocampal neuronal activity. Rats were implanted with chronic recording microelectrodes and trained to explore a radial maze in a cue-controlled environment with controlled prominen ...
... The aim of the present experiment was to examine how different types of stimuli, singly and collectively, influenced hippocampal neuronal activity. Rats were implanted with chronic recording microelectrodes and trained to explore a radial maze in a cue-controlled environment with controlled prominen ...
Activity Regulates the Synaptic Localization of the NMDA Receptor
... treatment with nifedipine did not significantly affect the number of synaptic NR1 clusters (Figure 3). Taken together, these results suggest that it is specifically the level of activity of the NMDA receptor that regulates the subcellular distribution of NR1. This effect may be mediated by localized ...
... treatment with nifedipine did not significantly affect the number of synaptic NR1 clusters (Figure 3). Taken together, these results suggest that it is specifically the level of activity of the NMDA receptor that regulates the subcellular distribution of NR1. This effect may be mediated by localized ...
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... basis of this limited sample of recordings, the lamina I input to the region of VMpo seems to be thermoreceptive and nociceptive. Dostrovsky and Craig were unable to activate cold-responsive lamina I STT cells antidromically from the ventrobasal complex in 2 monkeys in which a stimulating electrode ...
... basis of this limited sample of recordings, the lamina I input to the region of VMpo seems to be thermoreceptive and nociceptive. Dostrovsky and Craig were unable to activate cold-responsive lamina I STT cells antidromically from the ventrobasal complex in 2 monkeys in which a stimulating electrode ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... explanation for the variability is suggested by recent data showing that there are multiple forms of LTD in CA1 (Oliet et al., 1997). In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesi ...
... explanation for the variability is suggested by recent data showing that there are multiple forms of LTD in CA1 (Oliet et al., 1997). In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesi ...
- Hayden Lab
... epoch (r = 0.09, p = 0.0025). This neuron also showed tuning for offer 2 in epoch 2 (r = 0.21, p < 0.0001), meaning it coded both values simultaneously. Population data are shown in Figure 3D. In epoch 2, 10.26% of neurons (n = 16/156, this proportion is significant by a binomial test p = 0.0022,) e ...
... epoch (r = 0.09, p = 0.0025). This neuron also showed tuning for offer 2 in epoch 2 (r = 0.21, p < 0.0001), meaning it coded both values simultaneously. Population data are shown in Figure 3D. In epoch 2, 10.26% of neurons (n = 16/156, this proportion is significant by a binomial test p = 0.0022,) e ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... mPFC fibers was detected at several downstream regions including NAcc and BLA. Using whole cell recordings in NAcc, the authors found that optogenetic activation of mPFC ChR2-containing terminals in NAcc elicited inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in NAcc neurons. Blocking GABAA, but not gluta ...
... mPFC fibers was detected at several downstream regions including NAcc and BLA. Using whole cell recordings in NAcc, the authors found that optogenetic activation of mPFC ChR2-containing terminals in NAcc elicited inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in NAcc neurons. Blocking GABAA, but not gluta ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... 1995). Most coincidence detector models receive afferent impulses by one axon in each of the two input channels. If multiple axons deliver afferent impulses in each channel, these impulses can arrive at the detector simultaneously. This condition may pose problems in some systems. High afferent impu ...
... 1995). Most coincidence detector models receive afferent impulses by one axon in each of the two input channels. If multiple axons deliver afferent impulses in each channel, these impulses can arrive at the detector simultaneously. This condition may pose problems in some systems. High afferent impu ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... et al. 1977). In vitro, under control conditions, dopaminergic neurons in adults fire only in the pacemaker-like mode (Grace 1987). This difference suggests that afferent input to nigral dopaminergic neurons plays an important role in regulating their neuronal activity. The burst firing pattern and ...
... et al. 1977). In vitro, under control conditions, dopaminergic neurons in adults fire only in the pacemaker-like mode (Grace 1987). This difference suggests that afferent input to nigral dopaminergic neurons plays an important role in regulating their neuronal activity. The burst firing pattern and ...
The Cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... lobes. The primary fissure on the dorsal surface separates the anterior and posterior lobes, which together form the body of the cerebellum (Figure 42–2A). The posterolateral fissure on the ventral surface separates the body of the cerebellum from the smaller flocculonodular lobe (Figure 42–2B). Eac ...
... lobes. The primary fissure on the dorsal surface separates the anterior and posterior lobes, which together form the body of the cerebellum (Figure 42–2A). The posterolateral fissure on the ventral surface separates the body of the cerebellum from the smaller flocculonodular lobe (Figure 42–2B). Eac ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
Cortical Connectivity Suggests a Role in Limb
... In macaques, superior parietal lobule area 5 has been described as occupying an extensive region, which includes the caudal half of the postcentral convexity as well as the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Modern neuroanatomical methods have allowed the identification of various areas within ...
... In macaques, superior parietal lobule area 5 has been described as occupying an extensive region, which includes the caudal half of the postcentral convexity as well as the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Modern neuroanatomical methods have allowed the identification of various areas within ...
Orientation topography of layer 4 lateral networks revealed by
... distribution of the labelled projections was analysed according to laminar location and lateral spread. With regard to the former, no major difference in the orientation topography between supragranular- (upper tier), granular- (middle tier) and infragranular (lower tier) layers was seen. Laterally, ...
... distribution of the labelled projections was analysed according to laminar location and lateral spread. With regard to the former, no major difference in the orientation topography between supragranular- (upper tier), granular- (middle tier) and infragranular (lower tier) layers was seen. Laterally, ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... first to pre-ganglionic neurons within the central nervous system and then to the postganglionic neurons in the peripheral nervous system or directly to the target organ. Autonomic neurons regulate organ function via release of neurotransmitters. Virtually every organ (with a few exceptions discusse ...
... first to pre-ganglionic neurons within the central nervous system and then to the postganglionic neurons in the peripheral nervous system or directly to the target organ. Autonomic neurons regulate organ function via release of neurotransmitters. Virtually every organ (with a few exceptions discusse ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... cortex can be defined as the part of the frontal agranular isocortex outside of the precentral motor (MI) and the supplementary motor (MII) representations and it can be distinguished from the rostrally adjacent frontal granular cortex on cytoarchitectonic grounds. This definition is consistent with ...
... cortex can be defined as the part of the frontal agranular isocortex outside of the precentral motor (MI) and the supplementary motor (MII) representations and it can be distinguished from the rostrally adjacent frontal granular cortex on cytoarchitectonic grounds. This definition is consistent with ...