Slide 1
... FIGURE 40.9 Schematic representation of the REM sleep generation process. A distributed network involves cells at brain levels from the spinal cord to the cortex (listed on the left). The network is represented as a diagram of three neuronal systems (aminergic, reticular, and sensorimotor) that med ...
... FIGURE 40.9 Schematic representation of the REM sleep generation process. A distributed network involves cells at brain levels from the spinal cord to the cortex (listed on the left). The network is represented as a diagram of three neuronal systems (aminergic, reticular, and sensorimotor) that med ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... (D2Rs) in the striatum and another is a decrease in the GABAergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Whether these two defects are functionally linked is not known. We previously reported that selective overexpression of D2Rs in the striatum of the mouse causes behavioral abnormality associate ...
... (D2Rs) in the striatum and another is a decrease in the GABAergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Whether these two defects are functionally linked is not known. We previously reported that selective overexpression of D2Rs in the striatum of the mouse causes behavioral abnormality associate ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... This study, hopefully my first step on the journey of becoming an electrophysiologist, was carried out in the Neuropsychopharmacology research group in the Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, at the University of Helsinki. I would like to thank Professor Esa Korpi for the outstanding opportunity ...
... This study, hopefully my first step on the journey of becoming an electrophysiologist, was carried out in the Neuropsychopharmacology research group in the Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, at the University of Helsinki. I would like to thank Professor Esa Korpi for the outstanding opportunity ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... from rodent to primate (Kemp and Powell, 1971; Luk and Sadikot, 2001; Wilson, 2004 but see also Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985) are medium-sized spiny projection neurons that are also the only source of output from the nucleus. The remaining cell types comprise large aspiny cholinergic interneurons, a ...
... from rodent to primate (Kemp and Powell, 1971; Luk and Sadikot, 2001; Wilson, 2004 but see also Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985) are medium-sized spiny projection neurons that are also the only source of output from the nucleus. The remaining cell types comprise large aspiny cholinergic interneurons, a ...
fluctuations in somatosensory responsiveness and baseline firing
... return to a lack of difference between groups at 100 min. Thus, dopamine appears to be responsible for the normal restriction on natural fluctuations in striatal responsiveness to synaptic input from somatosensory cortex. Moreover, the changes of RZs in the APO group suggest that some striatal neuro ...
... return to a lack of difference between groups at 100 min. Thus, dopamine appears to be responsible for the normal restriction on natural fluctuations in striatal responsiveness to synaptic input from somatosensory cortex. Moreover, the changes of RZs in the APO group suggest that some striatal neuro ...
the koniocellular pathway in primate vision
... & Tigges 1970), but its domain was enlarged in a seminal study of retinal innervation of monkey LGN to include neurons innervated by contralateral retina (Kaas et al 1978). Although Kaas and his colleagues (1978) took care to state they had assigned this term without reference to the sizes of the in ...
... & Tigges 1970), but its domain was enlarged in a seminal study of retinal innervation of monkey LGN to include neurons innervated by contralateral retina (Kaas et al 1978). Although Kaas and his colleagues (1978) took care to state they had assigned this term without reference to the sizes of the in ...
Lesson #7-8
... Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cellular processes, of which the majority are granule cell axons—parallel fibers, see below— and Purkinje cell dendrites. A few neurons are found among the fibers (stellate cells, basket cells, Golgi cells), which function as inhibi ...
... Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cellular processes, of which the majority are granule cell axons—parallel fibers, see below— and Purkinje cell dendrites. A few neurons are found among the fibers (stellate cells, basket cells, Golgi cells), which function as inhibi ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... regular spiking type and 20% inhibitory neurons of the fast spiking type (Connors and Gutnick 1990), representing the layer 2/3 part of a cortical minicolumn. Neurons are randomly connected with 10% probability so that there are 100 synapses per averaged neuron. The connections, combined with the ra ...
... regular spiking type and 20% inhibitory neurons of the fast spiking type (Connors and Gutnick 1990), representing the layer 2/3 part of a cortical minicolumn. Neurons are randomly connected with 10% probability so that there are 100 synapses per averaged neuron. The connections, combined with the ra ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... aid of highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), which is abundantly expressed in the developing brain, as well as in brain areas that undergo continuous remodeling. The major findings of these studies were: 1A) The distribution of calcium-binding proteins largely followed the ...
... aid of highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), which is abundantly expressed in the developing brain, as well as in brain areas that undergo continuous remodeling. The major findings of these studies were: 1A) The distribution of calcium-binding proteins largely followed the ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... relative proportion of labeled cells in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas projecting to each site. The only site with a significant proportion of projections from visual association areas was the ventral bank of the caudal principalis region (Fig. IB, Z), whereas th ...
... relative proportion of labeled cells in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas projecting to each site. The only site with a significant proportion of projections from visual association areas was the ventral bank of the caudal principalis region (Fig. IB, Z), whereas th ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... that single cortical neurons integrate signals from diverse odorants. However, there remains a basic question, namely, the signals from which kinds of odorants are integrated by the individual cortical neurons? The present study examined the possibility that some cortical neurons integrate signals f ...
... that single cortical neurons integrate signals from diverse odorants. However, there remains a basic question, namely, the signals from which kinds of odorants are integrated by the individual cortical neurons? The present study examined the possibility that some cortical neurons integrate signals f ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... These processes may have direct relevance to temporal lobe epilepsy, but also may provide insight into the development of other types of epilepsy. The hippocampus does present a special case, however, because of the high rate of lifelong neurogenesis identified in this region. American Epilepsy ...
... These processes may have direct relevance to temporal lobe epilepsy, but also may provide insight into the development of other types of epilepsy. The hippocampus does present a special case, however, because of the high rate of lifelong neurogenesis identified in this region. American Epilepsy ...
Bidirectional propagation of Action potentials
... and functions, in a model neuron. A signal travelling through the neuron can be seen as a linkage between four components. A input component, a trigger component, a long-distance component and a secretory output component. Each cell possess a resting membrane potential due to unequal distribution of ...
... and functions, in a model neuron. A signal travelling through the neuron can be seen as a linkage between four components. A input component, a trigger component, a long-distance component and a secretory output component. Each cell possess a resting membrane potential due to unequal distribution of ...
Vision`s First Steps: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception in the
... lies a zone of very small cells: the koniocellular layers. Konio cells are functionally and neurochemically distinct from magno and parvo cells [87]. The finest caliber retinal axons, presumably originating from retinal ganglion cells that are morphologically distinct from those projecting to magno ...
... lies a zone of very small cells: the koniocellular layers. Konio cells are functionally and neurochemically distinct from magno and parvo cells [87]. The finest caliber retinal axons, presumably originating from retinal ganglion cells that are morphologically distinct from those projecting to magno ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... fast oscillations in the local field potential (40 –100 Hz gamma, 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscilla ...
... fast oscillations in the local field potential (40 –100 Hz gamma, 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscilla ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... 5 and 15 days showed that there were significant differences for the distribution of neurons in terms of interspike interval histogram modality and the distribution among mean discharge frequency ranges (Fig. 3, B, Table 1). The proportion of polymodal neurons increased from 68.7% to 86.6% and the p ...
... 5 and 15 days showed that there were significant differences for the distribution of neurons in terms of interspike interval histogram modality and the distribution among mean discharge frequency ranges (Fig. 3, B, Table 1). The proportion of polymodal neurons increased from 68.7% to 86.6% and the p ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... for generating time intervals has also been observed in nonhuman primates and other animals3–6. Previous studies using behavioral tasks that require the anticipation of event timing or decision making in the temporal domain, as well as the perception of elapsed time or discrimination of the duration ...
... for generating time intervals has also been observed in nonhuman primates and other animals3–6. Previous studies using behavioral tasks that require the anticipation of event timing or decision making in the temporal domain, as well as the perception of elapsed time or discrimination of the duration ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... recordings from tens to hundreds of neurons are possible (Buzsaki 2004), these measurements typically are obtained from spatially dispersed sets of neurons. Other limitations of extracellular recordings are poorly defined identity of recorded cells (for example with regard to neuronal subtype or lam ...
... recordings from tens to hundreds of neurons are possible (Buzsaki 2004), these measurements typically are obtained from spatially dispersed sets of neurons. Other limitations of extracellular recordings are poorly defined identity of recorded cells (for example with regard to neuronal subtype or lam ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... CA3 and the hilus. Two each of the representative neurons which have positive or negative immuno‑signals was pointed out by arrow and arrowheads respectively. (B) The analysis of SST positive cells. In TRM CA3, the number of SST positive cells are more than control rats. Scale bars: 20 μm. *p<0.05 v ...
... CA3 and the hilus. Two each of the representative neurons which have positive or negative immuno‑signals was pointed out by arrow and arrowheads respectively. (B) The analysis of SST positive cells. In TRM CA3, the number of SST positive cells are more than control rats. Scale bars: 20 μm. *p<0.05 v ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... in the polarity reversal site. DC fields altered the thresholds of action potentials evoked by orthodromic stimulation, and shifted their initiation site along the apical dendrites. Large electric fields could trigger neuronal firing and epileptiform activity, and induce long-term (>1 s) changes in ...
... in the polarity reversal site. DC fields altered the thresholds of action potentials evoked by orthodromic stimulation, and shifted their initiation site along the apical dendrites. Large electric fields could trigger neuronal firing and epileptiform activity, and induce long-term (>1 s) changes in ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... 3. One form of homosynaptic LTD is induced by postsynaptic NMDA receptor activation and a second form depends on metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Under most experimental conditions, induction of homosynaptic LTD in the CA1 region and neocortex is inhibited when NMDA receptors are blocked ...
... 3. One form of homosynaptic LTD is induced by postsynaptic NMDA receptor activation and a second form depends on metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Under most experimental conditions, induction of homosynaptic LTD in the CA1 region and neocortex is inhibited when NMDA receptors are blocked ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... DHPG effect is enhanced (on FMRP levels) by mGluR5 antagonists (inhibit degredation?) Very fast rise and fall of DHPG, decline blocked by MG132 (proteosome ihibitor) Very rapid synthesis and degredation Makes IJ’s finding even more interesting; only the fast effect occurs in WT; slow effect in KO co ...
... DHPG effect is enhanced (on FMRP levels) by mGluR5 antagonists (inhibit degredation?) Very fast rise and fall of DHPG, decline blocked by MG132 (proteosome ihibitor) Very rapid synthesis and degredation Makes IJ’s finding even more interesting; only the fast effect occurs in WT; slow effect in KO co ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... The synapse-formation-inducing signals from astrocytes were identified to be a family of extracellular matrix proteins called thrombospondins (TSPs)41. Purified TSPs alone have been found to increase synapse number in RGC cultures to a level comparable to that induced by culturing in astrocyte-condi ...
... The synapse-formation-inducing signals from astrocytes were identified to be a family of extracellular matrix proteins called thrombospondins (TSPs)41. Purified TSPs alone have been found to increase synapse number in RGC cultures to a level comparable to that induced by culturing in astrocyte-condi ...
HTM Cortical Learning Algorithms
... Although neurons in the neocortex are highly interconnected, inhibitory neurons guarantee that only a small percentage of the neurons are active at one time. Thus, information in the brain is always represented by a small percentage of active neurons within a large population of neurons. This kind o ...
... Although neurons in the neocortex are highly interconnected, inhibitory neurons guarantee that only a small percentage of the neurons are active at one time. Thus, information in the brain is always represented by a small percentage of active neurons within a large population of neurons. This kind o ...