Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerColbrie et al., 1988). Hence, differential regulation of co-localized transmitter synthesis may be an important mechanism by which neurons can integrate multiple signals. However, despite an abundance of anatomica ...
... transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerColbrie et al., 1988). Hence, differential regulation of co-localized transmitter synthesis may be an important mechanism by which neurons can integrate multiple signals. However, despite an abundance of anatomica ...
repo
... neuroglioblast/glioblast-specific driver, limited to development. Restricted expression in larva. ...
... neuroglioblast/glioblast-specific driver, limited to development. Restricted expression in larva. ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... network of cholinergic axons (Geula and Mesulam, 1990; Mesulam et al., 1992; Mesulam and Geula, 1994). Virtually all of these axons originate from the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (Chl-Ch4), -which are rich in the enzymes choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
... network of cholinergic axons (Geula and Mesulam, 1990; Mesulam et al., 1992; Mesulam and Geula, 1994). Virtually all of these axons originate from the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (Chl-Ch4), -which are rich in the enzymes choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... of NGF after acute and chronic stress was similar [36]. Another explanation for a reduced NGF concentration after stress could be that the NGF content is influenced by changes in neuronal activity during stress. In support of this theory, it has been demonstrated that the expression of hippocampal N ...
... of NGF after acute and chronic stress was similar [36]. Another explanation for a reduced NGF concentration after stress could be that the NGF content is influenced by changes in neuronal activity during stress. In support of this theory, it has been demonstrated that the expression of hippocampal N ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... 2012). Moreover, recent studies showed that, in APP Tg mice, ␣-syn infusion reduces A plaque formation but enhances synaptic degeneration (Bachhuber et al., 2015) and that A and ␣-syn cooperated to block SNARE-vesicle fusion (Choi et al., 2015). This is of interest given the role of ␣-syn in regul ...
... 2012). Moreover, recent studies showed that, in APP Tg mice, ␣-syn infusion reduces A plaque formation but enhances synaptic degeneration (Bachhuber et al., 2015) and that A and ␣-syn cooperated to block SNARE-vesicle fusion (Choi et al., 2015). This is of interest given the role of ␣-syn in regul ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... our conscious lives. But answers to the really difficult questions such as how does a thought, mind, or consciousness emerge from mere chemical interactions of cells still remained far from our reach. It was becoming clear that anatomy and physiology by themselves were not sufficient to reveal every ...
... our conscious lives. But answers to the really difficult questions such as how does a thought, mind, or consciousness emerge from mere chemical interactions of cells still remained far from our reach. It was becoming clear that anatomy and physiology by themselves were not sufficient to reveal every ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... are important components of this system since they not only have descending inputs into the brain-stem, but also, they are part of closed loops from and to the cerebral cortex. Note that even when both loops pass through the thalamus towards the cerebral cortex, each one of them has a private line i ...
... are important components of this system since they not only have descending inputs into the brain-stem, but also, they are part of closed loops from and to the cerebral cortex. Note that even when both loops pass through the thalamus towards the cerebral cortex, each one of them has a private line i ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... much speculation. Differences in sensory-evoked responses may arise from moment-to-moment variations in ongoing activity, stochastic processes (such as synaptic plasticity) that generate feature-specific ensembles, or specified wiring. Recently, sensory response properties and wiring differences hav ...
... much speculation. Differences in sensory-evoked responses may arise from moment-to-moment variations in ongoing activity, stochastic processes (such as synaptic plasticity) that generate feature-specific ensembles, or specified wiring. Recently, sensory response properties and wiring differences hav ...
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?Brain, 128
... other hand, the much more focal lesion induced by cingulotomy has been reported to result in mild impairment on this measure (Cohen et al., 1999), although older studies of similar populations reported intact performance on various other tests of executive function (Ballantine et al., 1977; Corkin e ...
... other hand, the much more focal lesion induced by cingulotomy has been reported to result in mild impairment on this measure (Cohen et al., 1999), although older studies of similar populations reported intact performance on various other tests of executive function (Ballantine et al., 1977; Corkin e ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... potential H-channel blocker (Bischoff et al. 2003) and its inclusion in the recording pipettes would reduce the sag response, we initially tried to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory p ...
... potential H-channel blocker (Bischoff et al. 2003) and its inclusion in the recording pipettes would reduce the sag response, we initially tried to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory p ...
IL-10 Alters Immunoproteostasis in APP Mice, Increasing Plaque
... mice (Figure 1E). Notably, in the second cohort of CRND8 mice tested, we observed similar results on Ab (Figure S2). We further 520 Neuron 85, 519–533, February 4, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc. ...
... mice (Figure 1E). Notably, in the second cohort of CRND8 mice tested, we observed similar results on Ab (Figure S2). We further 520 Neuron 85, 519–533, February 4, 2015 ª2015 Elsevier Inc. ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suited to modify the strength of neuronal connections by “fine-tuning” synaptic activity through direct actions at presynaptic termina ...
... and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suited to modify the strength of neuronal connections by “fine-tuning” synaptic activity through direct actions at presynaptic termina ...
Effects of Acute and Neurotoxic Exposure in the Rat
... suggest that that MDMA may induce cognitive (or behavioral) impairment in humans (1,16,19), as do extrapolations from animal studies (8,11). No one has previously examined whether the drug interferes with the initial acquisition of operant behavior, but such an effect would be significant in human u ...
... suggest that that MDMA may induce cognitive (or behavioral) impairment in humans (1,16,19), as do extrapolations from animal studies (8,11). No one has previously examined whether the drug interferes with the initial acquisition of operant behavior, but such an effect would be significant in human u ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Inflammatory and Degenerative Brain
... expression. In rat brain, COX-2 expression follows developmental gradients and coincides with the critical period of activity-dependent cortical development (17). In Rett syndrome—a neurological disorder associated with mental retardation, defective development of cortical neurons, and abnormalities ...
... expression. In rat brain, COX-2 expression follows developmental gradients and coincides with the critical period of activity-dependent cortical development (17). In Rett syndrome—a neurological disorder associated with mental retardation, defective development of cortical neurons, and abnormalities ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... Pacheco-Calderón et al. 2012; Thompson 1988; Thompson and Steinmetz 2009) and the performance of fine motor skills (Bastian 2006; Cooper et al. 2000; Manto et al. 2012; Martin et al. 2000; Perciavalle et al. 2013; Thach et al. 1992). Additionally, dysfunction of cerebellar networks produces sensorim ...
... Pacheco-Calderón et al. 2012; Thompson 1988; Thompson and Steinmetz 2009) and the performance of fine motor skills (Bastian 2006; Cooper et al. 2000; Manto et al. 2012; Martin et al. 2000; Perciavalle et al. 2013; Thach et al. 1992). Additionally, dysfunction of cerebellar networks produces sensorim ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... and biophysical properties of these control neurons confirmed that they were excitatory neurons (Fig. 3d–g). Hence they served as adjacent nonsibling controls. Once all four recordings were established, action potentials were sequentially triggered in one of the four neurons and the postsynaptic res ...
... and biophysical properties of these control neurons confirmed that they were excitatory neurons (Fig. 3d–g). Hence they served as adjacent nonsibling controls. Once all four recordings were established, action potentials were sequentially triggered in one of the four neurons and the postsynaptic res ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... the pregenual ACC (pACC)17, which is located in a rostral position in the ACC, is activated. In terms of pain processing, a pain response has been shown in the pACC with magnetoencephalography (MEG), and might be associated with C-fibre activation and the ‘suffering’ component of pain20. Finally, su ...
... the pregenual ACC (pACC)17, which is located in a rostral position in the ACC, is activated. In terms of pain processing, a pain response has been shown in the pACC with magnetoencephalography (MEG), and might be associated with C-fibre activation and the ‘suffering’ component of pain20. Finally, su ...
Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor
... mHsp25 occurred after sciatic nerve injury (Figure 2D), allowing for a second loss-of-function strategy: blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase–activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) (31), the kinase downstream of p38 required for phosphorylation of mHsp25, and its involvement in actin polymerization ( ...
... mHsp25 occurred after sciatic nerve injury (Figure 2D), allowing for a second loss-of-function strategy: blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase–activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) (31), the kinase downstream of p38 required for phosphorylation of mHsp25, and its involvement in actin polymerization ( ...
Supplementary Information (doc 137K)
... X Zone (T,1,2,3) ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between Group and Zone (F9,153 = 3.59; p < .001), as well as significant main effects of Zone (F3,153 = 51.49; p < .001) and Group (F3,51 = 7.05; p < .001) alone. Post hoc comparisons performed on the significant interaction showed that while ...
... X Zone (T,1,2,3) ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between Group and Zone (F9,153 = 3.59; p < .001), as well as significant main effects of Zone (F3,153 = 51.49; p < .001) and Group (F3,51 = 7.05; p < .001) alone. Post hoc comparisons performed on the significant interaction showed that while ...
An Analysis of Youth Poems from River Words: Environmental
... American environmental movement. Central to these interests is the concept of a sense of place: not only “the ability to recognize different places and different identities of a place,” but more so the complex and highly personal “sense of identity with a place,” and the “full range of possible awar ...
... American environmental movement. Central to these interests is the concept of a sense of place: not only “the ability to recognize different places and different identities of a place,” but more so the complex and highly personal “sense of identity with a place,” and the “full range of possible awar ...
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A
... Reelin is a glycoprotein that has a fundamental neurodevelopmental role in the laminar and columnar organization of the cortex. It interacts with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to facilitate neuronal and glial migration and organization (Alcantara et al 2006). Normal cortical development and matu ...
... Reelin is a glycoprotein that has a fundamental neurodevelopmental role in the laminar and columnar organization of the cortex. It interacts with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to facilitate neuronal and glial migration and organization (Alcantara et al 2006). Normal cortical development and matu ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... Architectonic areas of the prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; More ...
... Architectonic areas of the prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; More ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... Since their initial discovery, many forms of LTP and LTD have been described, which can be classified by their specific mechanisms of induction (i.e. which type of activity is required to evoke plasticity) and expression (i.e. which molecular changes mediate the change in synaptic efficacy). A comprehe ...
... Since their initial discovery, many forms of LTP and LTD have been described, which can be classified by their specific mechanisms of induction (i.e. which type of activity is required to evoke plasticity) and expression (i.e. which molecular changes mediate the change in synaptic efficacy). A comprehe ...