Swim Initiation Neurons in Tritonia diomedea1
... 1996). The available data are consistent with there being just one DRI on each side of the brain (Frost and Katz, 1996). The discovery of DRI completed the description of a continuous synaptic pathway from the afferent to the efferent neurons of the swim circuit (Fig. 1b). An early report (Getting, ...
... 1996). The available data are consistent with there being just one DRI on each side of the brain (Frost and Katz, 1996). The discovery of DRI completed the description of a continuous synaptic pathway from the afferent to the efferent neurons of the swim circuit (Fig. 1b). An early report (Getting, ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory cortex during the fetal period will be necessary to determine to what extent the resting state fMRI detects adult-like functional netw ...
... is likely part of the rapid synaptogenesis and maturation of cortical activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory cortex during the fetal period will be necessary to determine to what extent the resting state fMRI detects adult-like functional netw ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
... method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... of the monkey to its right and was hidden by a wing of the apparatus. In this situation, various visual and auditory stimuli were presented to the monkey from several directions. Many different objects chosen from a pool of about 1,000, as well as some parts of the human body, were used as visual st ...
... of the monkey to its right and was hidden by a wing of the apparatus. In this situation, various visual and auditory stimuli were presented to the monkey from several directions. Many different objects chosen from a pool of about 1,000, as well as some parts of the human body, were used as visual st ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... the cortical maps of orientation, spatial frequency, and direction preference did not provide an appropriate description of cortical activity and, instead, proposed an alternative description of cortical organization: rather than having several separable parameters mapped across the cortical surface ...
... the cortical maps of orientation, spatial frequency, and direction preference did not provide an appropriate description of cortical activity and, instead, proposed an alternative description of cortical organization: rather than having several separable parameters mapped across the cortical surface ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
Distinct Neuropathologic Phenotypes After Disrupting the
... its A-subunit (8). The phenotypes of Clcn6j/j, Clcn7j/j, and gl mice have unexpectedly suggested links to a group of rare fatal pediatric storage disorders, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs or Batten disease) (10, 11). Individuals with NCL present with seizures and visual, intellectual and m ...
... its A-subunit (8). The phenotypes of Clcn6j/j, Clcn7j/j, and gl mice have unexpectedly suggested links to a group of rare fatal pediatric storage disorders, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs or Batten disease) (10, 11). Individuals with NCL present with seizures and visual, intellectual and m ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... likely involved in computations enabling detection of object motion (Olveczky, Baccus, & Meister, 2003). Similarly, starburst amacrine cells (so called because of their radiating dendrites), found in many mammalian species, provide a feedforward excitation onto ganglion cells that is selective for m ...
... likely involved in computations enabling detection of object motion (Olveczky, Baccus, & Meister, 2003). Similarly, starburst amacrine cells (so called because of their radiating dendrites), found in many mammalian species, provide a feedforward excitation onto ganglion cells that is selective for m ...
View/Open
... information. Also, its point-to-point transmission is poor because there are not many Y ganglion cells, and their dendrites spread widely in the retina. (2) Layers III through VI are called parvocellular layers because they contain large numbers of small to medium-sized neurons. These neurons receiv ...
... information. Also, its point-to-point transmission is poor because there are not many Y ganglion cells, and their dendrites spread widely in the retina. (2) Layers III through VI are called parvocellular layers because they contain large numbers of small to medium-sized neurons. These neurons receiv ...
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... experiments by Moruzzi and Magoun showed (2), electrical stimulation of the reticular formation elicits cortical activation and increased muscle tonus in an anesthetized or sleeping animal. The reticular formation thus has the capacity to awaken, to alert and to render responsive the animal or human ...
... experiments by Moruzzi and Magoun showed (2), electrical stimulation of the reticular formation elicits cortical activation and increased muscle tonus in an anesthetized or sleeping animal. The reticular formation thus has the capacity to awaken, to alert and to render responsive the animal or human ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... Figure 1. Characterization of the Nf19a–/9a– mutant. (a) Results of the reverse transcription-PCR in cortex and hippocampus in WT and Nf19a–/9a– mice showing loss of Nf1 exon 9a-containing transcripts in Nf19a–/9a– mice (representative image, quantitative PCR experiment performed on 7 WT and 9 mutan ...
... Figure 1. Characterization of the Nf19a–/9a– mutant. (a) Results of the reverse transcription-PCR in cortex and hippocampus in WT and Nf19a–/9a– mice showing loss of Nf1 exon 9a-containing transcripts in Nf19a–/9a– mice (representative image, quantitative PCR experiment performed on 7 WT and 9 mutan ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... the greatest number of spikes across all sound levels, and characteristic frequency, the frequency to which the neuron was responsive at threshold. BF values were distributed across a broader range of frequencies, produced more orderly maps, and were completely objective in their definition. BF was ...
... the greatest number of spikes across all sound levels, and characteristic frequency, the frequency to which the neuron was responsive at threshold. BF values were distributed across a broader range of frequencies, produced more orderly maps, and were completely objective in their definition. BF was ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... a. reticular formation. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. amygdala. e. thalamus. ____ 28. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. reticular formation. d. limbic system. e. angular gyrus. ____ 29. The thin surface layer of interconnect ...
... a. reticular formation. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. amygdala. e. thalamus. ____ 28. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. reticular formation. d. limbic system. e. angular gyrus. ____ 29. The thin surface layer of interconnect ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... (Hutt et al., 1968) and olfactory (Murray and Campbell, 1970) stimuli in human neonates, and even vibratory stimuli in flies (Shaw et al., 2000). We also reported increases in olfactory threshold during sleep in week-old rats (Seelke and Blumberg, 2004). With so much evidence consistently pointing ...
... (Hutt et al., 1968) and olfactory (Murray and Campbell, 1970) stimuli in human neonates, and even vibratory stimuli in flies (Shaw et al., 2000). We also reported increases in olfactory threshold during sleep in week-old rats (Seelke and Blumberg, 2004). With so much evidence consistently pointing ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... permanently deprived of their inputs1–8. In these experiments, the role of inputs is inferred from the resulting loss of function. An alternative experimental approach to investigating the functional contribution of inputs involves gain of function, in which an existing structure is driven by novel ...
... permanently deprived of their inputs1–8. In these experiments, the role of inputs is inferred from the resulting loss of function. An alternative experimental approach to investigating the functional contribution of inputs involves gain of function, in which an existing structure is driven by novel ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human beings from other mammals. Mammalian neocortex consists of a plethora of neuronal types, each exhibiting specific structural, molecular and functional features (Ramón y Cajal, ...
... thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human beings from other mammals. Mammalian neocortex consists of a plethora of neuronal types, each exhibiting specific structural, molecular and functional features (Ramón y Cajal, ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... Changes in ECl during Cl⫺ loading in neurons of undercut cortex The lack of a significant difference in EGABA (ECl) between the undercut and control group was surprising because previous experiments have shown decreased KCC2 immunoreactivity in neurons of layer V of undercut cortex (Prince et al. 20 ...
... Changes in ECl during Cl⫺ loading in neurons of undercut cortex The lack of a significant difference in EGABA (ECl) between the undercut and control group was surprising because previous experiments have shown decreased KCC2 immunoreactivity in neurons of layer V of undercut cortex (Prince et al. 20 ...
NUCLEI-SPECIFIC RESPONSE TO PAIN IN THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE By
... The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as an ...
... The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as an ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above prestimulus activity collected during the 1 sec immediately preceding stimulus onset (listed in order of increasing signal strength): 1.5, 2.0, ...
... processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above prestimulus activity collected during the 1 sec immediately preceding stimulus onset (listed in order of increasing signal strength): 1.5, 2.0, ...
Program - Albion
... 30 year old) and older (60‐70) subjects revealed that older subjects are less likely to become aware of the CS‐US relationship. Analysis of brain activations for subjects who become aware versus those that do not reveal an interesting recruitment of regions that are associated with altered awaren ...
... 30 year old) and older (60‐70) subjects revealed that older subjects are less likely to become aware of the CS‐US relationship. Analysis of brain activations for subjects who become aware versus those that do not reveal an interesting recruitment of regions that are associated with altered awaren ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... data (⬃60 –120 ms) were comparable to those usually reported for V1 (Maunsell and Gibson 1992; Raiguel et al. 1989). We also used a local mapping method, which was designed not to elicit the long-range completion mechanisms made possible with global mapping. The local mapping method is based on the ...
... data (⬃60 –120 ms) were comparable to those usually reported for V1 (Maunsell and Gibson 1992; Raiguel et al. 1989). We also used a local mapping method, which was designed not to elicit the long-range completion mechanisms made possible with global mapping. The local mapping method is based on the ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... by a cholinergic input. Spike responses in vitro were characterized by a relative lack of inhibition or disinhibition compared with the behaving rat. The two-input, two-dipole model of the theta rhythm in CA1 is reviewed. Afferents to the CA1 pyramidal cells are assumed to be rhythmic and consist of ...
... by a cholinergic input. Spike responses in vitro were characterized by a relative lack of inhibition or disinhibition compared with the behaving rat. The two-input, two-dipole model of the theta rhythm in CA1 is reviewed. Afferents to the CA1 pyramidal cells are assumed to be rhythmic and consist of ...