Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... became evident from studies on learning and memory carried out after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later na ...
... became evident from studies on learning and memory carried out after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later na ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... Since their initial discovery, many forms of LTP and LTD have been described, which can be classified by their specific mechanisms of induction (i.e. which type of activity is required to evoke plasticity) and expression (i.e. which molecular changes mediate the change in synaptic efficacy). A comprehe ...
... Since their initial discovery, many forms of LTP and LTD have been described, which can be classified by their specific mechanisms of induction (i.e. which type of activity is required to evoke plasticity) and expression (i.e. which molecular changes mediate the change in synaptic efficacy). A comprehe ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... revealed structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of children with FASD (Davis et al., 2011), contributing to the impaired performance seen in both children and adults with FASD when tested in a variety of forebrain-dependent cognitive (e.g., learning and memo ...
... revealed structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of children with FASD (Davis et al., 2011), contributing to the impaired performance seen in both children and adults with FASD when tested in a variety of forebrain-dependent cognitive (e.g., learning and memo ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... indicated that the imaged regions were comparable with more distant brain tissue 400–500 µm away, and to neurons from nonimplanted mice. Small but significant increases in cell density were observed within the first 50 µm from the prism face, followed by small but significant decreases at 50–100 µm ...
... indicated that the imaged regions were comparable with more distant brain tissue 400–500 µm away, and to neurons from nonimplanted mice. Small but significant increases in cell density were observed within the first 50 µm from the prism face, followed by small but significant decreases at 50–100 µm ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... is a common form of localized epilepsy [17], and as a result extrastriate visual areas located in the temporal lobe have been accessed for stimulation experiments [10,18–20]. Another important potential participant group are visually impaired individuals who volunteer to test electrical visual prost ...
... is a common form of localized epilepsy [17], and as a result extrastriate visual areas located in the temporal lobe have been accessed for stimulation experiments [10,18–20]. Another important potential participant group are visually impaired individuals who volunteer to test electrical visual prost ...
PDF
... of this type of reflex regulation can be found in the squid, which acquires the capacity for startle reflex inhibition during development to allow for the capture and consumption of small, fastmoving prey (copepods) (Preuss and Gilly, 2000). If squid do not encounter copepods in their environment du ...
... of this type of reflex regulation can be found in the squid, which acquires the capacity for startle reflex inhibition during development to allow for the capture and consumption of small, fastmoving prey (copepods) (Preuss and Gilly, 2000). If squid do not encounter copepods in their environment du ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... even in a quiet environment. One can also manage to carry out tasks even under challenging conditions, such as having a conversation in a noisy restaurant. There is evidence that the prefrontal cortex in primates is necessary not only for choosing relevant information for the task at hand but also f ...
... even in a quiet environment. One can also manage to carry out tasks even under challenging conditions, such as having a conversation in a noisy restaurant. There is evidence that the prefrontal cortex in primates is necessary not only for choosing relevant information for the task at hand but also f ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... inhibitory interactions. Voluntary shifts of attention result from the influence of excitatory topdown signals representing the to-be-attended features of the scene. These bias the competition among neurons representing the scene, increasing the activity of neurons representing the to-beattended fe ...
... inhibitory interactions. Voluntary shifts of attention result from the influence of excitatory topdown signals representing the to-be-attended features of the scene. These bias the competition among neurons representing the scene, increasing the activity of neurons representing the to-beattended fe ...
Full version (PDF file)
... pressure but also elevated MT1 protein expression. It was hypothesized that the activation of melatonin receptors on endothelial cells would trigger NO production and contribute to blood pressure reduction (Paulis and Simko 2007). It seems, however, that melatonin receptors may regulate blood pressu ...
... pressure but also elevated MT1 protein expression. It was hypothesized that the activation of melatonin receptors on endothelial cells would trigger NO production and contribute to blood pressure reduction (Paulis and Simko 2007). It seems, however, that melatonin receptors may regulate blood pressu ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... The architecture of a continuous attractor neural network (CANN). The architecture is the same as that of a discrete attractor neural network. During learning, external inputs ei with Gaussian spatial fields force the output neurons to fire with rates ri, the recurrent collaterals produce the same r ...
... The architecture of a continuous attractor neural network (CANN). The architecture is the same as that of a discrete attractor neural network. During learning, external inputs ei with Gaussian spatial fields force the output neurons to fire with rates ri, the recurrent collaterals produce the same r ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulcal anatomy and relative to standardized coordinates. A group SPI(z) (n ⫽ 11) was created for the finger-movement co ...
... TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulcal anatomy and relative to standardized coordinates. A group SPI(z) (n ⫽ 11) was created for the finger-movement co ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of the initial activating RF at high contrast. Second lateral connections can enlarge the RF at low contrast by pooling information from larger regions of cortex that are otherwise ineft%ctive when high contrast thalamic inpnt is driving the ...
... response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of the initial activating RF at high contrast. Second lateral connections can enlarge the RF at low contrast by pooling information from larger regions of cortex that are otherwise ineft%ctive when high contrast thalamic inpnt is driving the ...
hanPNAS11
... in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons in Tbr1−/− neocortex reflects an aberrant induction of high Fezf2 expression in neurons that do not normally express Fezf2. Because TBR1 is specifically expressed in L6 neurons at P0, we examined whether L6 neurons aberrantly turned on high Fezf2 exp ...
... in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons in Tbr1−/− neocortex reflects an aberrant induction of high Fezf2 expression in neurons that do not normally express Fezf2. Because TBR1 is specifically expressed in L6 neurons at P0, we examined whether L6 neurons aberrantly turned on high Fezf2 exp ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... to the event. Do these neurons show the anticipatory activity because the event is likely to occur? Or do they show the anticipatory activity because the event leads to reward? Most of the previous studies were not designed to differentiate between these possibilities, since the task-related events ...
... to the event. Do these neurons show the anticipatory activity because the event is likely to occur? Or do they show the anticipatory activity because the event leads to reward? Most of the previous studies were not designed to differentiate between these possibilities, since the task-related events ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... of Lv at which the 2 component distributions meet. In the summed data for all monkeys, the classification boundary was 1.25, yielding a theoretical misclassification rate of 8.7%. The optimal cutoff determined through this procedure was nearly identical to the value of the midway point between the ...
... of Lv at which the 2 component distributions meet. In the summed data for all monkeys, the classification boundary was 1.25, yielding a theoretical misclassification rate of 8.7%. The optimal cutoff determined through this procedure was nearly identical to the value of the midway point between the ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... connected to the cerebral cortex and to each other. -Be able to explain the general effects of the direct and indirect pathways through the basal ganglia on movement. ...
... connected to the cerebral cortex and to each other. -Be able to explain the general effects of the direct and indirect pathways through the basal ganglia on movement. ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... 22.5 ± 2.0 spikes/sec, and that the coefficient of variation of interspike intervals was 51.5 ± 2.3% (Fig. 5, A, B). Statistical analysis of the present results showed that after exposure to vibration for five days, there were insignificant changes in the distribution of fastigial nucleus neurons in ...
... 22.5 ± 2.0 spikes/sec, and that the coefficient of variation of interspike intervals was 51.5 ± 2.3% (Fig. 5, A, B). Statistical analysis of the present results showed that after exposure to vibration for five days, there were insignificant changes in the distribution of fastigial nucleus neurons in ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
Morphological Studies of Wobbler Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia
... degeneration results in the denervation of skeletal muscles and eventually to progressive paralysis leading to respiratory arrest. Since first being described by Charcot in 1896, ALS has been investigated intensively and many cellular defects found in animal models have been suggested to cause these ...
... degeneration results in the denervation of skeletal muscles and eventually to progressive paralysis leading to respiratory arrest. Since first being described by Charcot in 1896, ALS has been investigated intensively and many cellular defects found in animal models have been suggested to cause these ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... So what causes narcolepsy? Narcolepsy is a relatively uncommon condition — only one case per 2,500 people — but it is a great example of a defect in the flip-flop switch that controls the transition between wakefulness and sleep, particularly REM sleep. Narcoleptics have sleep attacks during the day ...
... So what causes narcolepsy? Narcolepsy is a relatively uncommon condition — only one case per 2,500 people — but it is a great example of a defect in the flip-flop switch that controls the transition between wakefulness and sleep, particularly REM sleep. Narcoleptics have sleep attacks during the day ...
[PDF]
... enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in isolated primary neurons compared with aNSCs (Fig. 1C). ...
... enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in isolated primary neurons compared with aNSCs (Fig. 1C). ...
Biological Bases of Bx Test
... ____ 18. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 19. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the a. amygdala. b. hippocampus. c. angular g ...
... ____ 18. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 19. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the a. amygdala. b. hippocampus. c. angular g ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pathway. In spite of these data, however, the underlying mechanisms and the origin of the remarkable difference bet ...
... and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pathway. In spite of these data, however, the underlying mechanisms and the origin of the remarkable difference bet ...