Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
... Adult-onset hypothyroidism leads to mood and cognitive impairment (Canaris et al., 1997; Joffe et al., 2012). Residual symptoms may even persist in patients with biochemically adequate treatment (Saravanan et al., 2002). Reasons discussed for residual symptoms include firstly independent effects of ...
... Adult-onset hypothyroidism leads to mood and cognitive impairment (Canaris et al., 1997; Joffe et al., 2012). Residual symptoms may even persist in patients with biochemically adequate treatment (Saravanan et al., 2002). Reasons discussed for residual symptoms include firstly independent effects of ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... Russ BE, Ackelson AL, Baker AE, Cohen YE. Coding of auditorystimulus identity in the auditory non-spatial processing stream. J Neurophysiol 99: 87–95, 2008. First published November 14, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01069.2007. The neural computations that underlie the processing of auditory-stimulus identit ...
... Russ BE, Ackelson AL, Baker AE, Cohen YE. Coding of auditorystimulus identity in the auditory non-spatial processing stream. J Neurophysiol 99: 87–95, 2008. First published November 14, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01069.2007. The neural computations that underlie the processing of auditory-stimulus identit ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... injection site and would therefore not lie in the same isofrequency band as the injection. The labeling appeared discrete with patches separated by - 1 mm over an up to 8mm range dominantly in layers I-III but also in layer V. Injections in layer IV produce axon collateral spread in layer I over a d ...
... injection site and would therefore not lie in the same isofrequency band as the injection. The labeling appeared discrete with patches separated by - 1 mm over an up to 8mm range dominantly in layers I-III but also in layer V. Injections in layer IV produce axon collateral spread in layer I over a d ...
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia
... further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepines (BZD), muscurinic receptor antagonist and haloperidol, blocked NMDAinduced neurotoxicity in the posterior cingulate and retrospenial regions of experimental animal ...
... further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepines (BZD), muscurinic receptor antagonist and haloperidol, blocked NMDAinduced neurotoxicity in the posterior cingulate and retrospenial regions of experimental animal ...
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right
... In this double blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were randomly assigned to one of three stimulation groups. None of the patients had any experience with rTMS before the study. rTMS was performed with a Magstim stimulator (Magstim Company, Whitland, U.K.) having a circular coil with a 9-c ...
... In this double blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were randomly assigned to one of three stimulation groups. None of the patients had any experience with rTMS before the study. rTMS was performed with a Magstim stimulator (Magstim Company, Whitland, U.K.) having a circular coil with a 9-c ...
fulltext
... The brain reward system is mainly formed by dopamine projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral striatum. Certain dopamine neurons within the VTA exhibit the ability to co-release dopamine and glutamate. In paper I, glutamate and dopamine co-release was targeted and our results ...
... The brain reward system is mainly formed by dopamine projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral striatum. Certain dopamine neurons within the VTA exhibit the ability to co-release dopamine and glutamate. In paper I, glutamate and dopamine co-release was targeted and our results ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... Alternative models. Other intermediate accounts illustrate the range of possible relationships between V1 activity and awareness. For example, a distributed model of awareness might predict similar effects of V1 disruption as the interactive model without assuming an essential ...
... Alternative models. Other intermediate accounts illustrate the range of possible relationships between V1 activity and awareness. For example, a distributed model of awareness might predict similar effects of V1 disruption as the interactive model without assuming an essential ...
Convergent grey and white matter evidence of
... (e.g. carer) information alone to establish behavioural symptoms in FTD. More objective measures of disinhibition have been applied to behavioural variant FTD, notably the Stroop, Go/No-go and Stop Signal tasks. Although impaired on the Stroop test, patients with behavioural variant FTD perform at a ...
... (e.g. carer) information alone to establish behavioural symptoms in FTD. More objective measures of disinhibition have been applied to behavioural variant FTD, notably the Stroop, Go/No-go and Stop Signal tasks. Although impaired on the Stroop test, patients with behavioural variant FTD perform at a ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it perhaps might be easy, in some instances at least, to pick u p the subtle differences that must distinguish these cerebellar cases from the normal. It is tempting, for example, to believe . . . that there is some subtle influence exerted on t ...
... disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it perhaps might be easy, in some instances at least, to pick u p the subtle differences that must distinguish these cerebellar cases from the normal. It is tempting, for example, to believe . . . that there is some subtle influence exerted on t ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... upon the tuning curve, or it can be assessed using more recent stimulus reconstruction methods. Studies of tuning in each sensory modality have demonstrated that most cortical neurons carry information content about only a limited range of stimulus features rather than about all possible features. T ...
... upon the tuning curve, or it can be assessed using more recent stimulus reconstruction methods. Studies of tuning in each sensory modality have demonstrated that most cortical neurons carry information content about only a limited range of stimulus features rather than about all possible features. T ...
connections of the cerebral cortex
... Of all of the main divisions of neurological study the connections of the cerebral cortex a r e perhaps least advanced at this time. The spinal cord and the brain stem a r e relatively well understood; being smaller- in size they a r e more easily sectioned ; and having marked lccal variations in st ...
... Of all of the main divisions of neurological study the connections of the cerebral cortex a r e perhaps least advanced at this time. The spinal cord and the brain stem a r e relatively well understood; being smaller- in size they a r e more easily sectioned ; and having marked lccal variations in st ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... rabbit spinal cord after infarction point to degenerative and functional changes of cholinergic neurons following ischemia (Malatova and Maršala 1993) However, a number of studies yielded controversial results concerning AChE changes in ischemic bram AChE activity was significantly reduced in gerbil ...
... rabbit spinal cord after infarction point to degenerative and functional changes of cholinergic neurons following ischemia (Malatova and Maršala 1993) However, a number of studies yielded controversial results concerning AChE changes in ischemic bram AChE activity was significantly reduced in gerbil ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... In layer 1, single axons traversed just below the surface of the cortex for distances up to 4 mm. Numerous en passant varicosities formed along unmyelinated portions of the axon. These long axons emitted fine collaterals, most of which remained in layer 1, but some occasionally descended into layer 2 ...
... In layer 1, single axons traversed just below the surface of the cortex for distances up to 4 mm. Numerous en passant varicosities formed along unmyelinated portions of the axon. These long axons emitted fine collaterals, most of which remained in layer 1, but some occasionally descended into layer 2 ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... Since little is known about the effects of electric activity on neurite outgrowth in mammalian cerebral cortex neurons and the underlying cell biological mechanisms, we examined the effects of depolarization on neocortical neurons from fetal rats growing in culture. The effects of depolarization wer ...
... Since little is known about the effects of electric activity on neurite outgrowth in mammalian cerebral cortex neurons and the underlying cell biological mechanisms, we examined the effects of depolarization on neocortical neurons from fetal rats growing in culture. The effects of depolarization wer ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... to energetic stress. GnRH pulses are readily suppressed by food restriction, high or low ambient temperature, or excessive exercise, and GnRH pulsatility returns rapidly when the energetic challenge is alleviated, usually in one to two hours. Both males and females of a large number of species exhib ...
... to energetic stress. GnRH pulses are readily suppressed by food restriction, high or low ambient temperature, or excessive exercise, and GnRH pulsatility returns rapidly when the energetic challenge is alleviated, usually in one to two hours. Both males and females of a large number of species exhib ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... from the modulatory effects of norepinephrine on cellular physiology. A number of cellular effects of norepinephrine could contribute to this change in dynamics. Here we focus on the role of the noradrenergic suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission. Studies of the effect of norepinephrine on ...
... from the modulatory effects of norepinephrine on cellular physiology. A number of cellular effects of norepinephrine could contribute to this change in dynamics. Here we focus on the role of the noradrenergic suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission. Studies of the effect of norepinephrine on ...
Page SCH 23390 SCH 23390 is a synthetic compound that
... acquisition of new paired associates requires activation of D1 receptor in hippocampus at or around the time of encoding as studied with intrahippocampal infusion of SCH 23390 in experiments using an episodic-like memory task in rats Either an acute tail-hanging stress or a single ip dose of SCH 23 ...
... acquisition of new paired associates requires activation of D1 receptor in hippocampus at or around the time of encoding as studied with intrahippocampal infusion of SCH 23390 in experiments using an episodic-like memory task in rats Either an acute tail-hanging stress or a single ip dose of SCH 23 ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
... the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 2A, f). Only layers I and II of this fold of cortex were exposed to tracer. The injection ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... Formation of PNs depends on neuronal activity. Blocking of sodium channels by tetrodotoxine inhibits the formation of PNs in experiments performed on slices from the mouse visual cortex (Reimers et al. 2007). On the other hand, these studies show that suppression of glutamatergic transmission by ant ...
... Formation of PNs depends on neuronal activity. Blocking of sodium channels by tetrodotoxine inhibits the formation of PNs in experiments performed on slices from the mouse visual cortex (Reimers et al. 2007). On the other hand, these studies show that suppression of glutamatergic transmission by ant ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... The FAC occupies the most rostral part of the brain and lies on both the lateral and medial aspects of the hemisphere (Fig. 2). Dorsocaudally, th;! FAC adjoihs the cruciate sulcus (sCr) and borders with the MI1 and MI motor areas defined in electrophysiological studies (18). Ventrally, the FAC is de ...
... The FAC occupies the most rostral part of the brain and lies on both the lateral and medial aspects of the hemisphere (Fig. 2). Dorsocaudally, th;! FAC adjoihs the cruciate sulcus (sCr) and borders with the MI1 and MI motor areas defined in electrophysiological studies (18). Ventrally, the FAC is de ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... suggested that, while the cortically originated slow oscillation47., 51. and 52. is probably transmitted through corticocuneate anatomical pathways, the δ cuneate rhythmicity might be intrinsically generated,7. and 28. but whether the cuneate oscillatory activity, in the anesthetized animal, is impo ...
... suggested that, while the cortically originated slow oscillation47., 51. and 52. is probably transmitted through corticocuneate anatomical pathways, the δ cuneate rhythmicity might be intrinsically generated,7. and 28. but whether the cuneate oscillatory activity, in the anesthetized animal, is impo ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... also found in brain structures other than the dopamine system described above. These include the striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens)39–44, subthalamic nucleus45, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra46, dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex47– ...
... also found in brain structures other than the dopamine system described above. These include the striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens)39–44, subthalamic nucleus45, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra46, dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex47– ...
Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines
... physiological and pathological phenomena (21). These include stress-related anxiety (22), memory problems (23, 24), addiction-relapse (25, 26), PTSD (22), and potentially other stress-associated conditions such as anhedonia and anorexia nervosa. Accurate interpretation of studies using cell type-spe ...
... physiological and pathological phenomena (21). These include stress-related anxiety (22), memory problems (23, 24), addiction-relapse (25, 26), PTSD (22), and potentially other stress-associated conditions such as anhedonia and anorexia nervosa. Accurate interpretation of studies using cell type-spe ...
Axonal integrity predicts cortical reorganisation following cervical injury
... In the brain of paraplegic subjects, abnormalities within areas containing the CST have been demonstrated using standard DTI metrics.6 13 Furthermore, evidence for cortical reorganisation following SCI has been provided by functional MRI (fMRI).14 However, the relationships between microstructural w ...
... In the brain of paraplegic subjects, abnormalities within areas containing the CST have been demonstrated using standard DTI metrics.6 13 Furthermore, evidence for cortical reorganisation following SCI has been provided by functional MRI (fMRI).14 However, the relationships between microstructural w ...