Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
The auditory cortex
... shown. It is important to note that all the topographies shown (1-6) and the excitation by contralateral and ipsilateral ear (EE) and excitation by contralateral and inhibition by ipsilateral ear (EI) clusters are superimposed on every isofrequency stripe that can be considered. For better visibilit ...
... shown. It is important to note that all the topographies shown (1-6) and the excitation by contralateral and ipsilateral ear (EE) and excitation by contralateral and inhibition by ipsilateral ear (EI) clusters are superimposed on every isofrequency stripe that can be considered. For better visibilit ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... after the saccade appear to be closer to the saccade’s target (Figure 29–9). This spatial compression is usually no larger than half the size of the saccade and occurs only when there is a larger visual scene. It is not due to stimuli falling on different parts of the retina because of the saccade, ...
... after the saccade appear to be closer to the saccade’s target (Figure 29–9). This spatial compression is usually no larger than half the size of the saccade and occurs only when there is a larger visual scene. It is not due to stimuli falling on different parts of the retina because of the saccade, ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
... this approach finds the shortest line from the cortical surface to the grey and white matter boundary - though the direction which that line could take may be constrained. The use of this straight-line method was initially implemented in the study of post-mortem specimen, where the investigator woul ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... the basal ganglia, an area in the brain governing movement.10-‐11 Historically ablative therapies were used for movement disorders; however, stimulation has superseded this, as it is a non-‐destructive, ...
... the basal ganglia, an area in the brain governing movement.10-‐11 Historically ablative therapies were used for movement disorders; however, stimulation has superseded this, as it is a non-‐destructive, ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Ruiz et al., 2010). Surprisingly, motor neurons in SMA are structurally well connected to their target muscles but functionally NMJs in SMN-D7 mice exhibit a 50% reduction in quantal content, indicating reduced synaptic vesicle release from motor neuron terminals in response to evoked stimulation (K ...
... Ruiz et al., 2010). Surprisingly, motor neurons in SMA are structurally well connected to their target muscles but functionally NMJs in SMN-D7 mice exhibit a 50% reduction in quantal content, indicating reduced synaptic vesicle release from motor neuron terminals in response to evoked stimulation (K ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... response to repeated presentation of a light stimulus (figure 1a), neurons in the IT cortex initially showed a large response (figure 1b), but with repeated exposure to the stimulus the response waned (figure 1c–d). When the stimulus was presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the ...
... response to repeated presentation of a light stimulus (figure 1a), neurons in the IT cortex initially showed a large response (figure 1b), but with repeated exposure to the stimulus the response waned (figure 1c–d). When the stimulus was presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... changes in the central nervous system in response to altered patterns of stimulation. In sensory and motor systems, demands for transmitting sensory or motor information within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of ...
... changes in the central nervous system in response to altered patterns of stimulation. In sensory and motor systems, demands for transmitting sensory or motor information within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of ...
The environmental factor in migration dynamics
... complicates the task of separating “natural” causes of migration from social causes. The idea of an environment lacking any effects of human activity is largely an analytical construct, and humans always have affected the ecosystem of the area which they inhabit (cf. Blaikie and Brookfield 1991) 3 . ...
... complicates the task of separating “natural” causes of migration from social causes. The idea of an environment lacking any effects of human activity is largely an analytical construct, and humans always have affected the ecosystem of the area which they inhabit (cf. Blaikie and Brookfield 1991) 3 . ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... hemi®eld is represented in V6. Both the central part of the visual ®eld and the periphery, up to ~ 80 ° of eccentricity, are well represented. There is a prevailing representation of the lower visual ®eld with respect to the upper one. The reasons for the under-representation of the upper visual ®el ...
... hemi®eld is represented in V6. Both the central part of the visual ®eld and the periphery, up to ~ 80 ° of eccentricity, are well represented. There is a prevailing representation of the lower visual ®eld with respect to the upper one. The reasons for the under-representation of the upper visual ®el ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... et al., 2008; Vanderwolf, 1969), suggesting a role in coding of velocity and location. Theta rhythm in the hippocampus correlates with learning and memory function (Berry and Thompson, 1978; Givens and Olton, 1990; Seager et al., 2002; Vertes and Kocsis, 1997; Winson, 1978). Conditioning of eye blin ...
... et al., 2008; Vanderwolf, 1969), suggesting a role in coding of velocity and location. Theta rhythm in the hippocampus correlates with learning and memory function (Berry and Thompson, 1978; Givens and Olton, 1990; Seager et al., 2002; Vertes and Kocsis, 1997; Winson, 1978). Conditioning of eye blin ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... did not serve as a basis for wider investigation yet. Here, we repeated their protocol, and compared our ‘learning curves’ to the original results. Although in some experiments the protocol did not seem to work, we found that on average, the protocol showed a significantly improved stimulus response ...
... did not serve as a basis for wider investigation yet. Here, we repeated their protocol, and compared our ‘learning curves’ to the original results. Although in some experiments the protocol did not seem to work, we found that on average, the protocol showed a significantly improved stimulus response ...
GLUCOCORTICOIDS INCREASE CNS INFLAMMATION
... signaling. Upon cellular entry, GCs bind to either the Type I, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), or the Type II glucocorticoid receptor (GR). MR has a much higher affinity (0.5 nM) for GCs than does GR (5.0 nM), and this difference is a large part of the reason for concentration-dependent difference ...
... signaling. Upon cellular entry, GCs bind to either the Type I, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), or the Type II glucocorticoid receptor (GR). MR has a much higher affinity (0.5 nM) for GCs than does GR (5.0 nM), and this difference is a large part of the reason for concentration-dependent difference ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... c-fos neurons were observed in the els, but not in the dls, of the PBN. It is of great interest that even though the conditioned lesioned rat drank saccharin as much as the naive rat did, c-fos expression was observed in the region corresponding to the hedonicatly negative value. These results sugge ...
... c-fos neurons were observed in the els, but not in the dls, of the PBN. It is of great interest that even though the conditioned lesioned rat drank saccharin as much as the naive rat did, c-fos expression was observed in the region corresponding to the hedonicatly negative value. These results sugge ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Fig. 1. Identification of SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons. (A) Transverse section (150 mm) of the rat forebrain viewed under brightfield illumination. The needle track (Fluoro-Gold injection) is marked by arrows. (B) The same section viewed under epifluorescence, showing a deposit of Fluoro-Gold 3 ...
... Fig. 1. Identification of SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons. (A) Transverse section (150 mm) of the rat forebrain viewed under brightfield illumination. The needle track (Fluoro-Gold injection) is marked by arrows. (B) The same section viewed under epifluorescence, showing a deposit of Fluoro-Gold 3 ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... at the target, neuronal activity is also important in the development of dendritic arbors within the retina. In one study, TTX was used to block action potentials in the eyes of kittens (Wong et al., 1991). RGCs in eyes deprived of neuronal activity showed reduced complexity of dendritic arbors, and ...
... at the target, neuronal activity is also important in the development of dendritic arbors within the retina. In one study, TTX was used to block action potentials in the eyes of kittens (Wong et al., 1991). RGCs in eyes deprived of neuronal activity showed reduced complexity of dendritic arbors, and ...
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning
... and Diamond, in press), and wherever possible, are referenced in the text rather than repeated here. 2. Perspectives on Neuroplasticity Neuroplasticity has become a major focus in contemporary neurobiology. It is widely studied at several levels--subcellular, cellular, neuronal systems, behavioral-- ...
... and Diamond, in press), and wherever possible, are referenced in the text rather than repeated here. 2. Perspectives on Neuroplasticity Neuroplasticity has become a major focus in contemporary neurobiology. It is widely studied at several levels--subcellular, cellular, neuronal systems, behavioral-- ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... These complex odor stimuli were selected to maximize the likelihood of driving pPC responses (Davison and Ehlers, 2011). Odor con- Figure 1. Anatomical localization of recording sites. A, Nissl-stained brain slice revealing lesions (arrowheads) in pPC, created centration, as well as timing of odor d ...
... These complex odor stimuli were selected to maximize the likelihood of driving pPC responses (Davison and Ehlers, 2011). Odor con- Figure 1. Anatomical localization of recording sites. A, Nissl-stained brain slice revealing lesions (arrowheads) in pPC, created centration, as well as timing of odor d ...
Differential Impairment of Individuated Finger Movements in
... Fries and colleagues used a standardized clinical test of arm function (Fries et al. 1993), which provided a global score of arm and hand function but could not provide quantitative information about the fingers (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979). Here, we used kinematic analyses to quantify the independ ...
... Fries and colleagues used a standardized clinical test of arm function (Fries et al. 1993), which provided a global score of arm and hand function but could not provide quantitative information about the fingers (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979). Here, we used kinematic analyses to quantify the independ ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... 1% ascorbate, and 0.05% visual marker) by the use of the procedure described previously by Benton et al. (1997). Control animals were injected only with vehicle solution, whereas normal animals were handled but not injected. Embryos were injected or handled once a week for 3 weeks and then allowed t ...
... 1% ascorbate, and 0.05% visual marker) by the use of the procedure described previously by Benton et al. (1997). Control animals were injected only with vehicle solution, whereas normal animals were handled but not injected. Embryos were injected or handled once a week for 3 weeks and then allowed t ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with s ...
... One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with s ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
... retrieve recent episodes based on the temporal context (e.g. in order to remember which customers or garbage cans were visited in a given time period). The context-sensitive properties of the spiking activity in the hippocampus may provide physiological mechanisms for this process. Some hippocampal ...
... retrieve recent episodes based on the temporal context (e.g. in order to remember which customers or garbage cans were visited in a given time period). The context-sensitive properties of the spiking activity in the hippocampus may provide physiological mechanisms for this process. Some hippocampal ...