Full Article
... motivation exists for studying projections from the brain to spinal sympathetic neurons. First, few studies have investigated direct cortical projections to spinal sympathetic neurons. Second, although the projections to sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (R ...
... motivation exists for studying projections from the brain to spinal sympathetic neurons. First, few studies have investigated direct cortical projections to spinal sympathetic neurons. Second, although the projections to sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (R ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... et al. 1992). Heavy inputs arise also from medial temporal cortex structures whose roles in reward processes are less known (Barbas 1988, 1993; Carmichael and Price 1995; Seltzer and Pandya 1989; Ungerleider et al. 1989). Neurophysiological investigations of orbitofrontal cortex addressed mnemonic f ...
... et al. 1992). Heavy inputs arise also from medial temporal cortex structures whose roles in reward processes are less known (Barbas 1988, 1993; Carmichael and Price 1995; Seltzer and Pandya 1989; Ungerleider et al. 1989). Neurophysiological investigations of orbitofrontal cortex addressed mnemonic f ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded as noise and human alpha activity only as the idling state of the brain, during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, a sign ...
... mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded as noise and human alpha activity only as the idling state of the brain, during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, a sign ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
... in progressive demyelination. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction was also prevalent in human ALS, as gray matter demyelination and reactive changes in NG2+ cells were observed in motor cortex and spinal cord of ALS patients. Selective removal of mutant SOD1 from oligodendroglia substantially delayed diseas ...
... in progressive demyelination. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction was also prevalent in human ALS, as gray matter demyelination and reactive changes in NG2+ cells were observed in motor cortex and spinal cord of ALS patients. Selective removal of mutant SOD1 from oligodendroglia substantially delayed diseas ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... away from the eyes and subtended 64 3 44 of visual angle. A 0.5 square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (gray, white, red, and green) were used for different means in the trials (see below). Experiments were carried out in a darkened booth. Voltages proportional to ho ...
... away from the eyes and subtended 64 3 44 of visual angle. A 0.5 square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (gray, white, red, and green) were used for different means in the trials (see below). Experiments were carried out in a darkened booth. Voltages proportional to ho ...
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages
... a. Blocking GABAA in dDG has no effect on running-induced anxiolysis 12. ↑ GABA inhibition of vDG activity →↓ Anxiety Tim Hanna - 12 September 2014 Hippocampal UCP2 is essential for cognition and resistance to anxiety but not required for the benefits of exercise D Wang, X Zhai, P Chen, M Yang, J ...
... a. Blocking GABAA in dDG has no effect on running-induced anxiolysis 12. ↑ GABA inhibition of vDG activity →↓ Anxiety Tim Hanna - 12 September 2014 Hippocampal UCP2 is essential for cognition and resistance to anxiety but not required for the benefits of exercise D Wang, X Zhai, P Chen, M Yang, J ...
Long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex and chronic
... pain conditions such as sadness due to loss of loved ones or emotional divorce. Animal behavioural studies using pharmacological agents find that inhibition of ACC activity is analgesic in different animal models of acute pain as well as chronic pain. Although studies using direct manipulations in h ...
... pain conditions such as sadness due to loss of loved ones or emotional divorce. Animal behavioural studies using pharmacological agents find that inhibition of ACC activity is analgesic in different animal models of acute pain as well as chronic pain. Although studies using direct manipulations in h ...
Neurological characterization of mice deficient in GSK3α highlight
... and GSK3β did not effectively compensate for each other in three independent mouse strains. This outcome was in line with the fact that mice lacking GSK3β died around mid-term, obviously not rescued by the remaining normal GSK3α levels [20]. In contrast to the total GSK3β deficiency, the complete la ...
... and GSK3β did not effectively compensate for each other in three independent mouse strains. This outcome was in line with the fact that mice lacking GSK3β died around mid-term, obviously not rescued by the remaining normal GSK3α levels [20]. In contrast to the total GSK3β deficiency, the complete la ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... species exhibited the trilaminate pattern common to all mammals. Morphologically, neuron types in the cerebellar cortex were generally consistent with those described in primates (Fox et al., 1967) and rodents (Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974), although there was substantial quantitative variation across ...
... species exhibited the trilaminate pattern common to all mammals. Morphologically, neuron types in the cerebellar cortex were generally consistent with those described in primates (Fox et al., 1967) and rodents (Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974), although there was substantial quantitative variation across ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... relationship is not fully understood (Woolrich and Stephan, 2013). While structural connections enable effective connectivity, plasticity can alter the ability of a physical structure to transmit information and this plasticity may be captured by effective connectivity measures. Stephen et al. (2009 ...
... relationship is not fully understood (Woolrich and Stephan, 2013). While structural connections enable effective connectivity, plasticity can alter the ability of a physical structure to transmit information and this plasticity may be captured by effective connectivity measures. Stephen et al. (2009 ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... FMRP has been shown to associate with mRNAs that encode proteins regulating the cytoskeleton and synapses. One such FMRP target is the microtubule associated protein (MAP1b) mRNA, which is inappropriately translated in both Drosophila dFmr1 (dfxr) null (Zhang et al., 2001a,b; Pan et al., 2004) and m ...
... FMRP has been shown to associate with mRNAs that encode proteins regulating the cytoskeleton and synapses. One such FMRP target is the microtubule associated protein (MAP1b) mRNA, which is inappropriately translated in both Drosophila dFmr1 (dfxr) null (Zhang et al., 2001a,b; Pan et al., 2004) and m ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... binds to the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor. Like other neurotrophic factors, BDNF is involved in the development and differentiation of neurons. Recently, studies have suggested important roles for BDNF in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is crit ...
... binds to the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor. Like other neurotrophic factors, BDNF is involved in the development and differentiation of neurons. Recently, studies have suggested important roles for BDNF in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is crit ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
Prevalent Presence of Periodic Actin-spectrin-based
... neuronal processes, cargo trafficking, and plasticity of synapses (1-3). Spectrin is an actin-binding protein that is important for the development and stabilization of axons, and maintenance of neuronal polarization (4-6). In C. elegans, spectrin is important for the stability and integrity of axon ...
... neuronal processes, cargo trafficking, and plasticity of synapses (1-3). Spectrin is an actin-binding protein that is important for the development and stabilization of axons, and maintenance of neuronal polarization (4-6). In C. elegans, spectrin is important for the stability and integrity of axon ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals ...
... Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... These ‘‘atypical’’ forms of parkinsonism are associated with different and more widespread pathologic abnormalities than those seen in PD proper, and will not be dealt with further in this chapter. The salient pathologic feature of idiopathic PD is relatively selective degeneration of dopaminergic n ...
... These ‘‘atypical’’ forms of parkinsonism are associated with different and more widespread pathologic abnormalities than those seen in PD proper, and will not be dealt with further in this chapter. The salient pathologic feature of idiopathic PD is relatively selective degeneration of dopaminergic n ...
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... method, which allows estimation of the release probability, is based on the irreversible block of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-gated channels by MK-801 (Huettner and Bean 1988). Because the MK-801 blocks only open channels, the rate of the blockade of the NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic ...
... method, which allows estimation of the release probability, is based on the irreversible block of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-gated channels by MK-801 (Huettner and Bean 1988). Because the MK-801 blocks only open channels, the rate of the blockade of the NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... 1:400) or 488 (donkey anti-mouse for TH, orex, or HDC, 1:1000; Invitrogen). Wake neurons with visible nuclei were examined not only for nuclear CC3 but also for cytoplasmic CC3, as observed in hypoxic programmed necrosis in dopaminergic neurons (Niquet et al., 2003). Cytoplasmic and nuclear CC3 pres ...
... 1:400) or 488 (donkey anti-mouse for TH, orex, or HDC, 1:1000; Invitrogen). Wake neurons with visible nuclei were examined not only for nuclear CC3 but also for cytoplasmic CC3, as observed in hypoxic programmed necrosis in dopaminergic neurons (Niquet et al., 2003). Cytoplasmic and nuclear CC3 pres ...
http://www.uvm.edu/~neurogp/pdfs/Pav_Soc_2009.pdf
... P2. Modeling conditioned fears without recall of causes: Stimulus-response associations, their extinction, and recovery Mario A. Laborda, James E. Witnauer, & Ralph R. Miller (SUNY–Binghamton) Associative accounts of the etiology of phobias have been criticized because of numerous cases in which cli ...
... P2. Modeling conditioned fears without recall of causes: Stimulus-response associations, their extinction, and recovery Mario A. Laborda, James E. Witnauer, & Ralph R. Miller (SUNY–Binghamton) Associative accounts of the etiology of phobias have been criticized because of numerous cases in which cli ...
Electrolytic lesion of globus pallidus ameliorates the behavioral and
... these measures were compared between the striatal and combined Žstriatal and pallidal. groups. No difference in dorsal striatal size was found, suggesting no differential shrinkage or swelling of the brain as a result of lesion or fixation. The striatal lesions were located in the medial half of the ...
... these measures were compared between the striatal and combined Žstriatal and pallidal. groups. No difference in dorsal striatal size was found, suggesting no differential shrinkage or swelling of the brain as a result of lesion or fixation. The striatal lesions were located in the medial half of the ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures an early view of how multiple column systems in the primary visual cortex might be organized. Although the prominent cell bands seen in Nissl sections do not represent individual orientation columns, they ...
... columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures an early view of how multiple column systems in the primary visual cortex might be organized. Although the prominent cell bands seen in Nissl sections do not represent individual orientation columns, they ...