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Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... mediate certain deficits in cognitive functions observed following cannabinoid administration in humans and animals (Winsauer and others 1999; Schneider and Koch 2003; D’Souza and others 2004). In rodents, the CB1 receptor is almost exclusively expressed by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons ...
... mediate certain deficits in cognitive functions observed following cannabinoid administration in humans and animals (Winsauer and others 1999; Schneider and Koch 2003; D’Souza and others 2004). In rodents, the CB1 receptor is almost exclusively expressed by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. 4). There was a significant interaction between stimulation in ...
... inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. 4). There was a significant interaction between stimulation in ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... Sterman, Goodman, & Fairchild, 1979). Finally, in studies of humans with high spinal cord injuries, where clinical trauma has provided for somatosensory deafferentation, a significant enhancement of SMR and sleep spindle activity has been observed as well (Sterman, 1977). We may conclude, therefore, ...
... Sterman, Goodman, & Fairchild, 1979). Finally, in studies of humans with high spinal cord injuries, where clinical trauma has provided for somatosensory deafferentation, a significant enhancement of SMR and sleep spindle activity has been observed as well (Sterman, 1977). We may conclude, therefore, ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal dierences were found between species; in some species, the peak level of synaptic density is obtained at a very early age after birth (e.g. 2 weeks for the macaque monkeys [Bourgeois, 1993]). The changes in synaptic density are not a result of cha ...
... frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal dierences were found between species; in some species, the peak level of synaptic density is obtained at a very early age after birth (e.g. 2 weeks for the macaque monkeys [Bourgeois, 1993]). The changes in synaptic density are not a result of cha ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... Theta oscillations represent the neural network configuration underlying active awake behavior and paradoxical sleep. This major EEG pattern has been extensively studied, from physiological to anatomical levels, for more than half a century. Nevertheless the cellular and network mechanisms accountabl ...
... Theta oscillations represent the neural network configuration underlying active awake behavior and paradoxical sleep. This major EEG pattern has been extensively studied, from physiological to anatomical levels, for more than half a century. Nevertheless the cellular and network mechanisms accountabl ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... C1q KO mice had a significantly higher percentage of overlapping projections, independent of threshold (Figure 4B). The lack of a phenotype at P5 suggests that refinement defects in the P10 C1q KO mice are not due to early defects in axonal path finding or targeting. In addition, this segregation ph ...
... C1q KO mice had a significantly higher percentage of overlapping projections, independent of threshold (Figure 4B). The lack of a phenotype at P5 suggests that refinement defects in the P10 C1q KO mice are not due to early defects in axonal path finding or targeting. In addition, this segregation ph ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... forebrain circuits [3,4] and for signaling postural changes to the autonomic nervous system [5]. Several decades of electrophysiological recordings from the vestibular system have provided insights into the activity and roles of identified populations of neurons in both anesthetized and awake behavi ...
... forebrain circuits [3,4] and for signaling postural changes to the autonomic nervous system [5]. Several decades of electrophysiological recordings from the vestibular system have provided insights into the activity and roles of identified populations of neurons in both anesthetized and awake behavi ...
Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents
... thalamic projection neurons including motor and sensory thalamic nuclei (Kuramoto et al. 2009; Ohno et al. 2012). In the VA-VL, IZ neurons were classified as matrix-type neurons from the observation that more than half of their projecting axon fibers were distributed in L1 of the cerebral cortex (Kura ...
... thalamic projection neurons including motor and sensory thalamic nuclei (Kuramoto et al. 2009; Ohno et al. 2012). In the VA-VL, IZ neurons were classified as matrix-type neurons from the observation that more than half of their projecting axon fibers were distributed in L1 of the cerebral cortex (Kura ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... Histological processing. Survival times were 2 d for case 1 and 8-l 4 d for cases 2-5. For case 6, the survival time was 6 d following the AA injection and 2 d following the WGA-HRP injection. Cases 14 were given a lethal dose of pentobarbital and perfused transcardially with 0.9% saline followed by ...
... Histological processing. Survival times were 2 d for case 1 and 8-l 4 d for cases 2-5. For case 6, the survival time was 6 d following the AA injection and 2 d following the WGA-HRP injection. Cases 14 were given a lethal dose of pentobarbital and perfused transcardially with 0.9% saline followed by ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... ventral part of the IPL are also recognized. Distinct functional and anatomical regions, MIP and PE, occupy the medial bank of the IPS and the superior parietal lobule (SPL). The functional specializations of these regions have been investigated with electrophysiology in macaque and imaging and lesi ...
... ventral part of the IPL are also recognized. Distinct functional and anatomical regions, MIP and PE, occupy the medial bank of the IPS and the superior parietal lobule (SPL). The functional specializations of these regions have been investigated with electrophysiology in macaque and imaging and lesi ...
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... Emerging task-relevant effects clearly support the conclusion that DMN suppression is functionally important for successful operation of certain cognitive processes, such as focused attention and WM. Group differences in the capacity to suppress the DMN may also be meaningful. Indeed, a recent study ...
... Emerging task-relevant effects clearly support the conclusion that DMN suppression is functionally important for successful operation of certain cognitive processes, such as focused attention and WM. Group differences in the capacity to suppress the DMN may also be meaningful. Indeed, a recent study ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... dysfunction of cortical areas in schizophrenia. Thus, findings revealed a functional abnormality of the frontal cortex in schizophrenia (“hypofrontality”, e.g., Wolkin et al. 1985, 1988, 1992; Gur et al. 1987; Volkow et al. 1987; Weinberger 1988; Weinberger et al. 1988; Berman and Weinberger 1990; B ...
... dysfunction of cortical areas in schizophrenia. Thus, findings revealed a functional abnormality of the frontal cortex in schizophrenia (“hypofrontality”, e.g., Wolkin et al. 1985, 1988, 1992; Gur et al. 1987; Volkow et al. 1987; Weinberger 1988; Weinberger et al. 1988; Berman and Weinberger 1990; B ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... MEP amplitude had increased by approximately 10% during isometric knee extensor contractions of 50, 75 and 100% maximal voluntary contraction. These changes were independent of any change in the responsiveness of the peripheral motor nerve (i.e., hypoxia had no effect on M-waves) suggesting the obse ...
... MEP amplitude had increased by approximately 10% during isometric knee extensor contractions of 50, 75 and 100% maximal voluntary contraction. These changes were independent of any change in the responsiveness of the peripheral motor nerve (i.e., hypoxia had no effect on M-waves) suggesting the obse ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... The typical neural signature of long-range spatial computations at the single cell level is represented by center–surround interactions. These have been described for the first time in the retina 50 years ago [52], and are thought to endow retinal ganglion cells with the ability of signaling relative ...
... The typical neural signature of long-range spatial computations at the single cell level is represented by center–surround interactions. These have been described for the first time in the retina 50 years ago [52], and are thought to endow retinal ganglion cells with the ability of signaling relative ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
L-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction
... Another consequence of this “off-target” effect is that L-dopa can become toxic to 5-HT systems. One mechanism of 5-HT neurotoxicity appears to be related to oxidative stress produced by L-dopa-induced supraphysiologic concentrations of dopamine. Dopamine has long been known to be a potent oxidant [ ...
... Another consequence of this “off-target” effect is that L-dopa can become toxic to 5-HT systems. One mechanism of 5-HT neurotoxicity appears to be related to oxidative stress produced by L-dopa-induced supraphysiologic concentrations of dopamine. Dopamine has long been known to be a potent oxidant [ ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... – The Entorhinal Cortex is a gateway between the neocortex and the hippocampus, therefore it could contribute to this decoupling between neocortical UDS and hippocampal LIA. – Particularly well-suited for this purpose would be entorhinal cortex layer III neurons (ECIII), which directly project to th ...
... – The Entorhinal Cortex is a gateway between the neocortex and the hippocampus, therefore it could contribute to this decoupling between neocortical UDS and hippocampal LIA. – Particularly well-suited for this purpose would be entorhinal cortex layer III neurons (ECIII), which directly project to th ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... the transition between potentiation and depression is very sharp (Fig. 1B). Later studies confirmed this in several brain regions and refined the temporal properties of plasticity (Magee and Johnston 1997; Zhang et al. 1998; Bi and Poo 1998; Feldman 2000; Sjöström et al. 2001). Fueled by these exper ...
... the transition between potentiation and depression is very sharp (Fig. 1B). Later studies confirmed this in several brain regions and refined the temporal properties of plasticity (Magee and Johnston 1997; Zhang et al. 1998; Bi and Poo 1998; Feldman 2000; Sjöström et al. 2001). Fueled by these exper ...
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... ventilatory response of the respiratory CO2 chemoreflex, which normally augments ventilation in response to hypercapnic acidosis to restore normal pH and PCO2. Tac1-Pet1 axonal boutons were found localized to brainstem areas implicated in respiratory modulation, with highest density in motor regions ...
... ventilatory response of the respiratory CO2 chemoreflex, which normally augments ventilation in response to hypercapnic acidosis to restore normal pH and PCO2. Tac1-Pet1 axonal boutons were found localized to brainstem areas implicated in respiratory modulation, with highest density in motor regions ...
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... mostly due to methodological challenges like insufficient spatial resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements ...
... mostly due to methodological challenges like insufficient spatial resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0.1, and a (quasi) normally distributed first-order interval histogram. “Ir ...
... “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0.1, and a (quasi) normally distributed first-order interval histogram. “Ir ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... olfactory bulbs were carefully removed and embedded in hot wax. The sagittal sections of 140-160 µ thickness were obtained using rotary microtome. Camera lucida neuronal tracing of Mitral cells (with minimal damage, high quality of impregnation) was done under 625x magnification using a Leica micros ...
... olfactory bulbs were carefully removed and embedded in hot wax. The sagittal sections of 140-160 µ thickness were obtained using rotary microtome. Camera lucida neuronal tracing of Mitral cells (with minimal damage, high quality of impregnation) was done under 625x magnification using a Leica micros ...