local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... Data Analysis Percent changes of SAP and perturbation of nerve activity following stimulation of the sympathoexcitatory or sympathoinhibitory sites were calculated by dividing the value of maximum change with the control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control ...
... Data Analysis Percent changes of SAP and perturbation of nerve activity following stimulation of the sympathoexcitatory or sympathoinhibitory sites were calculated by dividing the value of maximum change with the control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... locations of the map. The topographic activation patterns showed individual variability from subject to subject but were reproducible within subjects. Notably, only saccade-related activation, but no topographic organization, was found in the region of the human supplementary eye field in dorsomedia ...
... locations of the map. The topographic activation patterns showed individual variability from subject to subject but were reproducible within subjects. Notably, only saccade-related activation, but no topographic organization, was found in the region of the human supplementary eye field in dorsomedia ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... Information processing in the cortex is believed to be facilitated by the interaction of large numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activati ...
... Information processing in the cortex is believed to be facilitated by the interaction of large numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activati ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... This study presents a double dissociation between the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1. Rats with either DG or CA1 lesions were tested on tasks requiring either spatial or spatial temporal order pattern separation. To assess spatial pattern separation, rats were trained to displace an object which covered ...
... This study presents a double dissociation between the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1. Rats with either DG or CA1 lesions were tested on tasks requiring either spatial or spatial temporal order pattern separation. To assess spatial pattern separation, rats were trained to displace an object which covered ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
... different visual areas is relevant to understanding the neural correlates of the maturation of different visual functions, since these do not all develop at the same age. For example, in humans, cells show responses that are orientation-selective at around 6 weeks of age, but responses to direction ...
... different visual areas is relevant to understanding the neural correlates of the maturation of different visual functions, since these do not all develop at the same age. For example, in humans, cells show responses that are orientation-selective at around 6 weeks of age, but responses to direction ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) neurons (Figure 2A) [39]. Recently, a subgroup of neurons in LHA was identified to expresses LepRb, but not orexin/ ...
... (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) neurons (Figure 2A) [39]. Recently, a subgroup of neurons in LHA was identified to expresses LepRb, but not orexin/ ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... indicate sensory processing has adapted to account for differences in the stimuli experienced by each species in its natural environment. Alternatively, it is also possible that neuronal sensi ...
... indicate sensory processing has adapted to account for differences in the stimuli experienced by each species in its natural environment. Alternatively, it is also possible that neuronal sensi ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex that arise during prenatal and p ...
... chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex that arise during prenatal and p ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... cranial to mesencephalon. Also, the fastigial pressor response does not require higher levels of the nervous system since decerebration does not abolish the blood pressure increase upon fastigial stimulation6. There are, however, indications that higher autonomic centers, like the hypothalamus and t ...
... cranial to mesencephalon. Also, the fastigial pressor response does not require higher levels of the nervous system since decerebration does not abolish the blood pressure increase upon fastigial stimulation6. There are, however, indications that higher autonomic centers, like the hypothalamus and t ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... theory, alternatively called the Extreme Male Brain hypothesis (27–29). In one study, typically developing adult males were more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the n ...
... theory, alternatively called the Extreme Male Brain hypothesis (27–29). In one study, typically developing adult males were more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the n ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... Na+ with N-methyl-glucamine+ (NMG+), retarded the rate of recovery from GLU-induced acidification. The rapid acidification and rebound alkalinization could be mimicked by challenging neurons with elevated external K+ or replacement of external Na+ with NMG+. Two or more hours following toxic GLU exp ...
... Na+ with N-methyl-glucamine+ (NMG+), retarded the rate of recovery from GLU-induced acidification. The rapid acidification and rebound alkalinization could be mimicked by challenging neurons with elevated external K+ or replacement of external Na+ with NMG+. Two or more hours following toxic GLU exp ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... reich et al. 1999; Laaris and Keller 2002; Petersen and Sakmann 2001). L4 cells also target pyramidal cells in L2/3 (Armstrong-James et al. 1992; Feldmeyer et al. 2002) whose axons arborize in L2/3 and in L5 (Gottlieb and Keller 1997). Signal processing in L2/3 is no longer confined to a barrel colu ...
... reich et al. 1999; Laaris and Keller 2002; Petersen and Sakmann 2001). L4 cells also target pyramidal cells in L2/3 (Armstrong-James et al. 1992; Feldmeyer et al. 2002) whose axons arborize in L2/3 and in L5 (Gottlieb and Keller 1997). Signal processing in L2/3 is no longer confined to a barrel colu ...
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal
... of the asterisks for the eight-stimulus sequence was fixed across trials, whereas the timing of stimulus presentation was varied. Thus subjects repeated the same sequence of finger movements with different timing for each trial. Learning occurred only in terms of the order of finger movements. In th ...
... of the asterisks for the eight-stimulus sequence was fixed across trials, whereas the timing of stimulus presentation was varied. Thus subjects repeated the same sequence of finger movements with different timing for each trial. Learning occurred only in terms of the order of finger movements. In th ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... precentral sulcus @PCS),and the ventral premotor area (PMv), which is in and adjacent to the caudal bank of the arcuate sulcus (ArS) at its inferior limb. In subsequent reports, we will present our findings on the origin of corticospinal projections from (1) the premotor areas on the medial wall of ...
... precentral sulcus @PCS),and the ventral premotor area (PMv), which is in and adjacent to the caudal bank of the arcuate sulcus (ArS) at its inferior limb. In subsequent reports, we will present our findings on the origin of corticospinal projections from (1) the premotor areas on the medial wall of ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... interneurons support separate aspects of this adaptive process. Optogenetic inactivation of Sst+ interneurons during tone sequences weakened forward suppression, whereas inactivating Pvalb+ interneurons altered its spectral dependence. Additionally, these interneuron-specific effects on forward supp ...
... interneurons support separate aspects of this adaptive process. Optogenetic inactivation of Sst+ interneurons during tone sequences weakened forward suppression, whereas inactivating Pvalb+ interneurons altered its spectral dependence. Additionally, these interneuron-specific effects on forward supp ...
M100,907, a selective 5-HT antagonist, attenuates dopamine
... A micro-infusion pump (PHD 2000E, Harvard Apparatus) and liquid swivels were used to perfuse the buffer through the probes at a constant rate. Although each experiment is self-contained with its own appropriate controls, perfusion flow rates differed between some experiments. An initial experiment ( ...
... A micro-infusion pump (PHD 2000E, Harvard Apparatus) and liquid swivels were used to perfuse the buffer through the probes at a constant rate. Although each experiment is self-contained with its own appropriate controls, perfusion flow rates differed between some experiments. An initial experiment ( ...
Quinto trabajo
... processes in some injury models. However, targeted disruption of this protein produces limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during ...
... processes in some injury models. However, targeted disruption of this protein produces limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... nicotinic receptor activation [3]. Nicotine has also been found to stimulate DA release from accumbal synaptosomes [40] and when directly administered into the NAc the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA ...
... nicotinic receptor activation [3]. Nicotine has also been found to stimulate DA release from accumbal synaptosomes [40] and when directly administered into the NAc the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... any associative link to the outcome of those actions. As such, actions under goal-directed control are performed with regard to their consequences, whereas those under habitual control are more reflexive in nature, by virtue of their control by antecedent stimuli rather than their consequences. It s ...
... any associative link to the outcome of those actions. As such, actions under goal-directed control are performed with regard to their consequences, whereas those under habitual control are more reflexive in nature, by virtue of their control by antecedent stimuli rather than their consequences. It s ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... basal firing rate were determined by averaging spike counts done for at least 3 separate 10 s epochs in one given vigilance state prior to bicuculline ejection. Following the application of bicuculline, the discharge rate of the neurons quickly increased and then remained at an elevated stable value ...
... basal firing rate were determined by averaging spike counts done for at least 3 separate 10 s epochs in one given vigilance state prior to bicuculline ejection. Following the application of bicuculline, the discharge rate of the neurons quickly increased and then remained at an elevated stable value ...
Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the striatum and, consequently, other divisions of the basal ganglia. The main synaptic targets of the cortical and thalamic inputs to the basal ganglia are the medium- ...
... (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the striatum and, consequently, other divisions of the basal ganglia. The main synaptic targets of the cortical and thalamic inputs to the basal ganglia are the medium- ...