Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The microelectrode was attached perpendicular to the electrode holder of a pulse motor microdrive manipulator (MO-81, Narishige). After determination of the AP and ML stereotaxic coordinates using the guide cannula as a reference, the electrode was placed over a target structure. The exposed brain s ...
... The microelectrode was attached perpendicular to the electrode holder of a pulse motor microdrive manipulator (MO-81, Narishige). After determination of the AP and ML stereotaxic coordinates using the guide cannula as a reference, the electrode was placed over a target structure. The exposed brain s ...
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION
... this dissertation. Other influential Computer Science professors to whom I am grateful for educating me are Nese Yalabik, Gokturk Ucoluk and Sinan Neftci. I would like to present my gratitude to Tosun Terzioglu, Albert Ekip, Turgut Onder and Semih Koray who were professors of the Mathematics Departm ...
... this dissertation. Other influential Computer Science professors to whom I am grateful for educating me are Nese Yalabik, Gokturk Ucoluk and Sinan Neftci. I would like to present my gratitude to Tosun Terzioglu, Albert Ekip, Turgut Onder and Semih Koray who were professors of the Mathematics Departm ...
Recognition Tasks
... Sums up activating and inhibiting stimuli it received – call the sum V If the sum V equals or exceeds its “threshold” value, then neuron sends out its own signal (through its axon) [fires] ...
... Sums up activating and inhibiting stimuli it received – call the sum V If the sum V equals or exceeds its “threshold” value, then neuron sends out its own signal (through its axon) [fires] ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... LI (see the right side of the lower part of Fig. 1). Flies show a conditioned approach towards the trained odor in the test. We interpret this as a change of the hedonic value of the US. The associative strength is less strong than for delay conditioning and the ISI range for learning is smaller. Th ...
... LI (see the right side of the lower part of Fig. 1). Flies show a conditioned approach towards the trained odor in the test. We interpret this as a change of the hedonic value of the US. The associative strength is less strong than for delay conditioning and the ISI range for learning is smaller. Th ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... 136 T.G. Weyand: The multifunctional LGN axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with recep ...
... 136 T.G. Weyand: The multifunctional LGN axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with recep ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Test - University of South Florida
... intervals in baroresponsive respiratory related neuronal assemblies of the cat brain stem. Journal of Neurophysiology 84:1136-1148, 2000. Arata, A., Hernandez, Y. M., Lindsey, B. G., Morris, K. F., and Shannon, R. Transient configurations of baroresponsive respiratory-related brainstem neuronal asse ...
... intervals in baroresponsive respiratory related neuronal assemblies of the cat brain stem. Journal of Neurophysiology 84:1136-1148, 2000. Arata, A., Hernandez, Y. M., Lindsey, B. G., Morris, K. F., and Shannon, R. Transient configurations of baroresponsive respiratory-related brainstem neuronal asse ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... been compiled in the developing and adult spinal cord (Romanes, 1964; Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b; Hollyday, 1980). Motor pools have been linked to three main features of motor organization. First, all neurons within a motor pool project to a single muscle target in the limb (Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b). ...
... been compiled in the developing and adult spinal cord (Romanes, 1964; Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b; Hollyday, 1980). Motor pools have been linked to three main features of motor organization. First, all neurons within a motor pool project to a single muscle target in the limb (Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b). ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... rather than neuronal loss. Several recent studies have examined whether abnormalities of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse can account for the motor behavioral deficits of SMA mice (Murray et al., 2008; Kariya et al., 2008; Kong et al., 2009; Ruiz et al., 2010). Surprisingly, motor neurons in ...
... rather than neuronal loss. Several recent studies have examined whether abnormalities of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse can account for the motor behavioral deficits of SMA mice (Murray et al., 2008; Kariya et al., 2008; Kong et al., 2009; Ruiz et al., 2010). Surprisingly, motor neurons in ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... should desire those things deemed most valuable to it. All mobile organisms possess such discriminatory capacities and can rank numerous dimensions in their world along axes that extend from good to bad. A kind of facile biological wisdom is built into these simple observations and we should expect ...
... should desire those things deemed most valuable to it. All mobile organisms possess such discriminatory capacities and can rank numerous dimensions in their world along axes that extend from good to bad. A kind of facile biological wisdom is built into these simple observations and we should expect ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... the administration of mecamylamine but not methyllycaconitine or DHβE, suggesting a mechanism mediated by nicotinic type III receptors and independent of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission (Supplementary Fig. 8). These results thus demonstrate that the observed effects on VTA neurons following ...
... the administration of mecamylamine but not methyllycaconitine or DHβE, suggesting a mechanism mediated by nicotinic type III receptors and independent of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission (Supplementary Fig. 8). These results thus demonstrate that the observed effects on VTA neurons following ...
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... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... (Rushworth and Behrens, 2008). Lack of confidence in a decision can, for example, promote a change of mind about a previous decision or can promote an exploratory strategy (Sallet and Rushworth, 2009). Therefore decision confidence is a fundamental feature of cognition giving rise to complex adaptiv ...
... (Rushworth and Behrens, 2008). Lack of confidence in a decision can, for example, promote a change of mind about a previous decision or can promote an exploratory strategy (Sallet and Rushworth, 2009). Therefore decision confidence is a fundamental feature of cognition giving rise to complex adaptiv ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields ...
... transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... in FR after systemic injection of nicotine (defined as type-I response; Fig. 2 Aa,Ba). The remaining seven neurons had a monophasic increase in FR (defined as type-II response; Fig. 2 Ab,Bb). Additional analysis (using paired t test) showed that, in 17 VTA DA neurons with type-I response, 1 min afte ...
... in FR after systemic injection of nicotine (defined as type-I response; Fig. 2 Aa,Ba). The remaining seven neurons had a monophasic increase in FR (defined as type-II response; Fig. 2 Ab,Bb). Additional analysis (using paired t test) showed that, in 17 VTA DA neurons with type-I response, 1 min afte ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... related to reward and motivation, such as ventral striatum (Van Hoesen 1981; Witter and Groenewegen 1986) and ventral tegmental region (Akil and Lewis 1993, 1994; Insausti et al. 1987), whereas area TE is not. In addition, surveys of cortex list perirhinal cortex among two or three regions with the ...
... related to reward and motivation, such as ventral striatum (Van Hoesen 1981; Witter and Groenewegen 1986) and ventral tegmental region (Akil and Lewis 1993, 1994; Insausti et al. 1987), whereas area TE is not. In addition, surveys of cortex list perirhinal cortex among two or three regions with the ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... the hilar region, which are not involved in prefrontal cortical projections, arc not included in the two-dimensional map. Comparison of the flattened hippocampal maps in three animals revealed that the overall shape of the flattened subfields was similar arid the contours were relatively invariant a ...
... the hilar region, which are not involved in prefrontal cortical projections, arc not included in the two-dimensional map. Comparison of the flattened hippocampal maps in three animals revealed that the overall shape of the flattened subfields was similar arid the contours were relatively invariant a ...
Adenilton José da Silva
... The concept of quantum parallelism is one of the main characteristics of quantum computing. Quantum parallelism allows the application of a function to several (possibly all) values with the cost of only a single function application. Quantum parallelism has been used to develop quantum algorithms t ...
... The concept of quantum parallelism is one of the main characteristics of quantum computing. Quantum parallelism allows the application of a function to several (possibly all) values with the cost of only a single function application. Quantum parallelism has been used to develop quantum algorithms t ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... the position of each labeled cell body. Therefore, we only needed to image with sufficient resolution to distinguish every cell body throughout the brain (Figure 2C). This resulted in ~2Tb of image data from each brain, allowing us to image many brains, whereas imaging with even 2x higher magnificat ...
... the position of each labeled cell body. Therefore, we only needed to image with sufficient resolution to distinguish every cell body throughout the brain (Figure 2C). This resulted in ~2Tb of image data from each brain, allowing us to image many brains, whereas imaging with even 2x higher magnificat ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... stimulated by close injection of CO2-saturated 0.9 per cent saline solution (pH 5.0–5.2; 0.5–1.0 ml). Delivery catheters were placed so that blood flow forced the test solution through the carotid body (peripheral) or through the vertebral artery to the ventral surface of the medulla (central; figur ...
... stimulated by close injection of CO2-saturated 0.9 per cent saline solution (pH 5.0–5.2; 0.5–1.0 ml). Delivery catheters were placed so that blood flow forced the test solution through the carotid body (peripheral) or through the vertebral artery to the ventral surface of the medulla (central; figur ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-pyramidal cells, they also labeled some pyramidal-like neurons. The high density of non-pyramidal neurons containing these calciumbinding proteins in layers II and III suggests they form a critical network that con ...
... morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-pyramidal cells, they also labeled some pyramidal-like neurons. The high density of non-pyramidal neurons containing these calciumbinding proteins in layers II and III suggests they form a critical network that con ...