Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... morphological plasticity reflects the degree of stimulation in the living environment of individual animals (Technau, 1984; Heisenberg et al., 1995). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for MB-mediated brain functions, it is important ...
... morphological plasticity reflects the degree of stimulation in the living environment of individual animals (Technau, 1984; Heisenberg et al., 1995). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for MB-mediated brain functions, it is important ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... noise in this case is assumed to be random, it can be ‘averaged out’ over time: by monitoring a low signal-to-noise ratio neuron for a long period of time, an observer can increase her confidence that an observed spiking rate or pattern is signal and not noise. Thus, in order to be equally confident ...
... noise in this case is assumed to be random, it can be ‘averaged out’ over time: by monitoring a low signal-to-noise ratio neuron for a long period of time, an observer can increase her confidence that an observed spiking rate or pattern is signal and not noise. Thus, in order to be equally confident ...
Package `FCNN4R`
... mlp_gradij computes gradients of network outputs, i.e the derivatives of outputs w.r.t. active weights, at given data row. The derivatives of outputs are placed in subsequent columns of the returned matrix. Scaled by the output errors and averaged they give the same as gradi(input, output, i). This ...
... mlp_gradij computes gradients of network outputs, i.e the derivatives of outputs w.r.t. active weights, at given data row. The derivatives of outputs are placed in subsequent columns of the returned matrix. Scaled by the output errors and averaged they give the same as gradi(input, output, i). This ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... from the GPe and acts at GABAA receptors. In vitro patch recordings of STN neurons, using the perforated configuration to maintain the natural intracellular concentration of Cl− (the principal permeant ion of the GABAA receptor), have revealed that the equilibrium potential of GABAA receptormediated ...
... from the GPe and acts at GABAA receptors. In vitro patch recordings of STN neurons, using the perforated configuration to maintain the natural intracellular concentration of Cl− (the principal permeant ion of the GABAA receptor), have revealed that the equilibrium potential of GABAA receptormediated ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem reticular formation, discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a low frequency buildup of activity before the burst. It is believe ...
... Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem reticular formation, discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a low frequency buildup of activity before the burst. It is believe ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... are true saccades (Robinson and Fuchs 1969). Neurons in the frontal eye field discharge before purposive saccades, even those made in the absence of visual stimuli (Bruce and Goldberg 1985). Monkeys with lesions of the frontal eye field are at first unable to make saccades into the field contralater ...
... are true saccades (Robinson and Fuchs 1969). Neurons in the frontal eye field discharge before purposive saccades, even those made in the absence of visual stimuli (Bruce and Goldberg 1985). Monkeys with lesions of the frontal eye field are at first unable to make saccades into the field contralater ...
Case Representation Issues for Case
... This theorem was proposed by the Marquis of Condorcet in 1784 (Condorcet, 1784) – a more accessible reference is (Nitzan & Paroush, 1985). We know now that M will be greater that p only if there is diversity in the pool of voters. And we know that the probability of the ensemble being correct will ...
... This theorem was proposed by the Marquis of Condorcet in 1784 (Condorcet, 1784) – a more accessible reference is (Nitzan & Paroush, 1985). We know now that M will be greater that p only if there is diversity in the pool of voters. And we know that the probability of the ensemble being correct will ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
Optimal Ensemble Construction via Meta-Evolutionary
... if the point in question is difficult, i.e., if it has been incorrectly classified by most of the other classifiers in the ensemble. We use feature selection as the mechanism for individual diversity. ...
... if the point in question is difficult, i.e., if it has been incorrectly classified by most of the other classifiers in the ensemble. We use feature selection as the mechanism for individual diversity. ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
Rationalizing Context-Dependent Preferences: Divisive
... dependence arises from neurobiological constraints, explore its predictions for substitution patterns between choice alternatives, provide behavioural evidence for its existence, and demonstrate that it implements the normative solution to the neurobiological choice problem. Just like constraints t ...
... dependence arises from neurobiological constraints, explore its predictions for substitution patterns between choice alternatives, provide behavioural evidence for its existence, and demonstrate that it implements the normative solution to the neurobiological choice problem. Just like constraints t ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses on how one neuron communicates with another neuron. Neurons employ electrical ...
... homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses on how one neuron communicates with another neuron. Neurons employ electrical ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... Taken together, their results suggest a region-specific pattern of cortico-hippocampal interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that the ...
... Taken together, their results suggest a region-specific pattern of cortico-hippocampal interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that the ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... in Supplemental materials). However, this similarity is restricted to the strongest generators only, and the algorithms may have different performance when dealing with weaker generators. In this paper we used the runica algorithm, which has widely been shown to be adequate for EEG applications. One ...
... in Supplemental materials). However, this similarity is restricted to the strongest generators only, and the algorithms may have different performance when dealing with weaker generators. In this paper we used the runica algorithm, which has widely been shown to be adequate for EEG applications. One ...
Slide 1
... and proximal apical/basal dendrites (green) receive separate synaptic inputs in a variety of types of pyramidal cells. (B) Summation of inputs onto a single dendritic branch (but not between branches) leads to a dendritic spike that remains below threshold for an action potential at the soma. It has ...
... and proximal apical/basal dendrites (green) receive separate synaptic inputs in a variety of types of pyramidal cells. (B) Summation of inputs onto a single dendritic branch (but not between branches) leads to a dendritic spike that remains below threshold for an action potential at the soma. It has ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... depolarization and if their spike height was ⬎50 mV (45 mV for commissural studies). Analysis was performed as in Sekirnjak and du Lac (2006). For action potential analysis, cells were injected with hyperpolarizing or depolarizing current (if required) to force a rate of 8 –12 spikes per second for ...
... depolarization and if their spike height was ⬎50 mV (45 mV for commissural studies). Analysis was performed as in Sekirnjak and du Lac (2006). For action potential analysis, cells were injected with hyperpolarizing or depolarizing current (if required) to force a rate of 8 –12 spikes per second for ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... adaptation and MVPA, however those investigators that have used both methods in the same experimental paradigm suggest that the two approaches are highly correlated [33,34]. When assessing the relative merits of these two techniques, it is worth remembering that they each measure different aspects o ...
... adaptation and MVPA, however those investigators that have used both methods in the same experimental paradigm suggest that the two approaches are highly correlated [33,34]. When assessing the relative merits of these two techniques, it is worth remembering that they each measure different aspects o ...
Andrea Kádár
... central regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. These neurosecretory neurons are located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and their axons terminate outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the external zone of the median eminence (ME) where TRH is secreted to th ...
... central regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. These neurosecretory neurons are located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and their axons terminate outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the external zone of the median eminence (ME) where TRH is secreted to th ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... to Gr66aGAL4; UAS-CD8-GFP flies. Resulting tubulin-FRT-GAL80-FRT/+; UASTeTx/Gr66aGAL4; heat shock-FLP/UAS-CD8-GFP progeny were then heat shocked for one hour 15 minutes at the pupal stage to generate clones. Briefly, heat shock activation of hs-FLP randomly causes FRT sites to recombine GAL80 away f ...
... to Gr66aGAL4; UAS-CD8-GFP flies. Resulting tubulin-FRT-GAL80-FRT/+; UASTeTx/Gr66aGAL4; heat shock-FLP/UAS-CD8-GFP progeny were then heat shocked for one hour 15 minutes at the pupal stage to generate clones. Briefly, heat shock activation of hs-FLP randomly causes FRT sites to recombine GAL80 away f ...
PART 1 - FTP Directory Listing
... systems. This could help machine consciousness to become more scientific and it could also be used to make predictions about the consciousness of biological systems. To demonstrate this methodology, a spiking neural network was developed to control the eye movements of the SIMNOS virtual robot. This ...
... systems. This could help machine consciousness to become more scientific and it could also be used to make predictions about the consciousness of biological systems. To demonstrate this methodology, a spiking neural network was developed to control the eye movements of the SIMNOS virtual robot. This ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... on the soma) (Rall 1964; see below, and see also Figure 6). Parallel processing and local computations. Synaptic inputs onto dendrites do not only inject current but also locally change the membrane conductance to certain ions. This leads to a nonlinear interaction between multiple inputs if they co ...
... on the soma) (Rall 1964; see below, and see also Figure 6). Parallel processing and local computations. Synaptic inputs onto dendrites do not only inject current but also locally change the membrane conductance to certain ions. This leads to a nonlinear interaction between multiple inputs if they co ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... PPTN also projects to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Beninato and Spencer 1986) that encode an error signal for reinforcement learning (Schultz 1998). PPTN receives limbic inputs from the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area (Semba and Fibiger 1992), and th ...
... PPTN also projects to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Beninato and Spencer 1986) that encode an error signal for reinforcement learning (Schultz 1998). PPTN receives limbic inputs from the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area (Semba and Fibiger 1992), and th ...
cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... movements in response to inedible or distasteful objects taken into the buccal cavity (Morton and Chiel 1993a). During rejection, the two halves of the radula are closed as the odontophore protracts toward the mouth and they are open as the odontophore retracts, which ejects the inedible object from ...
... movements in response to inedible or distasteful objects taken into the buccal cavity (Morton and Chiel 1993a). During rejection, the two halves of the radula are closed as the odontophore protracts toward the mouth and they are open as the odontophore retracts, which ejects the inedible object from ...