the human entorhinal cortex
... morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-pyramidal cells, they also labeled some pyramidal-like neurons. The high density of non-pyramidal neurons containing these calciumbinding proteins in layers II and III suggests they form a critical network that con ...
... morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-pyramidal cells, they also labeled some pyramidal-like neurons. The high density of non-pyramidal neurons containing these calciumbinding proteins in layers II and III suggests they form a critical network that con ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... which alternating left-right contractions lead into a phase of anteriorly directed peristalses that eventually cause head eversion, during which the brain is pushed anterior to the mouth. During the final phase of the behavioral sequence (post ecdysis), alternating left-right contractions and then p ...
... which alternating left-right contractions lead into a phase of anteriorly directed peristalses that eventually cause head eversion, during which the brain is pushed anterior to the mouth. During the final phase of the behavioral sequence (post ecdysis), alternating left-right contractions and then p ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... centers, including the MBs and the lateral horns. Interestingly, individual PNs acquire distinct but invariant axon arborization patterns in the lateral horn, supporting the presence of an odor map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the p ...
... centers, including the MBs and the lateral horns. Interestingly, individual PNs acquire distinct but invariant axon arborization patterns in the lateral horn, supporting the presence of an odor map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the p ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene
... graphene underneath either dehydrated or fixed retinal tissues, verifying that the photocurrent responses generated in the graphene underneath the ONH were indeed induced by the electrical activity in living retina. This method not only provides a way to investigate electrical processes in living ret ...
... graphene underneath either dehydrated or fixed retinal tissues, verifying that the photocurrent responses generated in the graphene underneath the ONH were indeed induced by the electrical activity in living retina. This method not only provides a way to investigate electrical processes in living ret ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... hence the simplif ying term ‘unrewarded’ movement. Thus, each instruction was the unique stimulus in each trial indicating the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial containe ...
... hence the simplif ying term ‘unrewarded’ movement. Thus, each instruction was the unique stimulus in each trial indicating the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial containe ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based synaptic plasticity model that has been shown recently to be able to fit different experimental data-sets from hippoca ...
... modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based synaptic plasticity model that has been shown recently to be able to fit different experimental data-sets from hippoca ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... neuron, and this response failed to follow repeated AVPV stimulation (Fig. 2 B). It could also be abolished by holding the recorded cell to ⫺30 mV to inactivate voltage-dependent sodium channels (Fig. 2 B). The third type of response was seen in only 9 (7%) of the GnRH neurons and resulted from the ...
... neuron, and this response failed to follow repeated AVPV stimulation (Fig. 2 B). It could also be abolished by holding the recorded cell to ⫺30 mV to inactivate voltage-dependent sodium channels (Fig. 2 B). The third type of response was seen in only 9 (7%) of the GnRH neurons and resulted from the ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... excitatory synapses of the perforant pathway arising from layer III ofthe entorhinal cortex (Lorente de No, 1938; Steward, 1976; Witter et al., 1988). A considerable amount of research has focused on the possible Hebbian nature of synaptic modification at the Schaffer collaterals (Kelso et al., 1986 ...
... excitatory synapses of the perforant pathway arising from layer III ofthe entorhinal cortex (Lorente de No, 1938; Steward, 1976; Witter et al., 1988). A considerable amount of research has focused on the possible Hebbian nature of synaptic modification at the Schaffer collaterals (Kelso et al., 1986 ...
PDF file
... factors is shown in Fig. 2. Some typical tasks are positioned in this frame. The direction of each axis denotes the direction of increase in the corresponding muddiness factor. Since the meaning of each muddiness factor is not simple, it is not useful to assign a concrete number to each class of tas ...
... factors is shown in Fig. 2. Some typical tasks are positioned in this frame. The direction of each axis denotes the direction of increase in the corresponding muddiness factor. Since the meaning of each muddiness factor is not simple, it is not useful to assign a concrete number to each class of tas ...
NIH Public Access
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... were only determined after experiments on each rabbit were concluded. For this reason, tuning characteristics were not determined for neurons studied in these animals. In the remaining animals, the tube through the ear molds was made of stainless steel rather than plastic and incorporated a fine pro ...
... were only determined after experiments on each rabbit were concluded. For this reason, tuning characteristics were not determined for neurons studied in these animals. In the remaining animals, the tube through the ear molds was made of stainless steel rather than plastic and incorporated a fine pro ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... frequency, it was briefly retrained at half that spatial frequency to eliminate any potential “side bias.” Then, testing resumed at the spatial frequency below the original failure. The threshold for visual acuity was established once a mouse exhibited a consistent pattern of performance. Acuity thr ...
... frequency, it was briefly retrained at half that spatial frequency to eliminate any potential “side bias.” Then, testing resumed at the spatial frequency below the original failure. The threshold for visual acuity was established once a mouse exhibited a consistent pattern of performance. Acuity thr ...
PPT
... that is inspired by the biological nervous systems, such as the human brain’s information processing mechanism. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) workin ...
... that is inspired by the biological nervous systems, such as the human brain’s information processing mechanism. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) workin ...
PDF
... murine proNGF on the survival of these neurons cultured at low density at stages throughout late fetal and early postnatal development when these neurons are dependent on a supply of mNGF from their targets for survival. In control cultures (no added factors), the majority of neurons died within 48 ...
... murine proNGF on the survival of these neurons cultured at low density at stages throughout late fetal and early postnatal development when these neurons are dependent on a supply of mNGF from their targets for survival. In control cultures (no added factors), the majority of neurons died within 48 ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... We developed novel low-power architectures, programming methodologies, and simplified STDP-like learning rules, optimized specifically for some RRAM technologies. We show the implementation of large-scale energy efficient neuromorphic systems with two different approaches (i) deterministic multi-lev ...
... We developed novel low-power architectures, programming methodologies, and simplified STDP-like learning rules, optimized specifically for some RRAM technologies. We show the implementation of large-scale energy efficient neuromorphic systems with two different approaches (i) deterministic multi-lev ...
The distribution of retino‐collicular axon terminals in rhesus monkey
... a large, oval break in the contralateral projection. The figure is aligned on the midline. M is medial, A is anterior. The overall shape of the colliculus is distorted since including the depth information required elongating the plot along the anterior-posterioraxis. ...
... a large, oval break in the contralateral projection. The figure is aligned on the midline. M is medial, A is anterior. The overall shape of the colliculus is distorted since including the depth information required elongating the plot along the anterior-posterioraxis. ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neurons; if this occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiation (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, the Stop cue only causes a tr ...
... (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neurons; if this occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiation (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, the Stop cue only causes a tr ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... 1985 and Barbas et al., 1999) are normalized against the highest number in the set and expressed as a gradient map. The relative proportions are also represented by the weights of the arrows denoting ...
... 1985 and Barbas et al., 1999) are normalized against the highest number in the set and expressed as a gradient map. The relative proportions are also represented by the weights of the arrows denoting ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... from equation 1 and 3) between the data obtained and each of the model predictions and rsv describes the correlation between the two models. Partial correlation coefficients were then converted to z scores using Fisher’s r-to-z transform to facilitate the comparison between the two models (Angelaki ...
... from equation 1 and 3) between the data obtained and each of the model predictions and rsv describes the correlation between the two models. Partial correlation coefficients were then converted to z scores using Fisher’s r-to-z transform to facilitate the comparison between the two models (Angelaki ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... activate the V glomerulus in control flies (Figure 2E, bottom left) but that robust calcium release was evoked in the V glomerulus of Or43a/Or83b/Gr21a animals (Figure 2E, bottom right). Both control and Or43a/Or83b/ Gr21a flies were then exposed to cyclohexanol for 4 days, using the same protocol a ...
... activate the V glomerulus in control flies (Figure 2E, bottom left) but that robust calcium release was evoked in the V glomerulus of Or43a/Or83b/Gr21a animals (Figure 2E, bottom right). Both control and Or43a/Or83b/ Gr21a flies were then exposed to cyclohexanol for 4 days, using the same protocol a ...