electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... States, and is a major risk factor for subsequent development of cardiovascular disease. Increased sympathetic outflow precedes the development of HT in humans and is associated with the development of HT in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. The celiac, along with the superior (SMG) and ...
... States, and is a major risk factor for subsequent development of cardiovascular disease. Increased sympathetic outflow precedes the development of HT in humans and is associated with the development of HT in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. The celiac, along with the superior (SMG) and ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ...
... Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... thermosensory ascending pathway from lamina I neurons is the spinothalamocortical pathway, in which lamina I neurons directly synapse on neurons in the thalamus that project to the primary somatosensory cortex, leading to perception and discrimination of cutaneous temperature (25,26). However, the s ...
... thermosensory ascending pathway from lamina I neurons is the spinothalamocortical pathway, in which lamina I neurons directly synapse on neurons in the thalamus that project to the primary somatosensory cortex, leading to perception and discrimination of cutaneous temperature (25,26). However, the s ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... dynamic roll-tilt about the longitudinal axis (Barmack 1996; Barmack et al. 1993a; Fagerson and Barmack 1995). The -nucleus and dmcc send climbing fiber projections to the contralateral uvula-nodulus where vestibular-related climbing fiber responses are mapped onto sagittal strips (Barmack and Shoj ...
... dynamic roll-tilt about the longitudinal axis (Barmack 1996; Barmack et al. 1993a; Fagerson and Barmack 1995). The -nucleus and dmcc send climbing fiber projections to the contralateral uvula-nodulus where vestibular-related climbing fiber responses are mapped onto sagittal strips (Barmack and Shoj ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... after surgery and was therefore excluded from the experiment and euthanized. SHAM and nerve-transected rats were assigned to one of three stimulus conditions: no fluid stimulus (NS), 0.003 M quinine hydrochloride (Q), or distilled water (W). This assignment indicated the stimulus condition on the te ...
... after surgery and was therefore excluded from the experiment and euthanized. SHAM and nerve-transected rats were assigned to one of three stimulus conditions: no fluid stimulus (NS), 0.003 M quinine hydrochloride (Q), or distilled water (W). This assignment indicated the stimulus condition on the te ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons are involved or what mechanisms are responsible. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are good candidates for GI integration, because disruptio ...
... (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates peripheral satiety signals and relays this signal to central feeding centers, little is known about which NTS neurons are involved or what mechanisms are responsible. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are good candidates for GI integration, because disruptio ...
Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate
... column that is about the same width as the injection site, through laminae 4C and 4B into laminae 2/3A and 1 where they form a prominent fan of fibers that spreads about the radial axis (see Fig. 15). When the injection is centered in lamina 5A, this efferent projection assumes a columnar form (200 ...
... column that is about the same width as the injection site, through laminae 4C and 4B into laminae 2/3A and 1 where they form a prominent fan of fibers that spreads about the radial axis (see Fig. 15). When the injection is centered in lamina 5A, this efferent projection assumes a columnar form (200 ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... relationships between visual and motor signals in the primate Superior Colliculus (SC, a midbrain structure located at the nexus between visual input and motor output that is critical for visual orienting). I recorded extracellular action potentials (spikes) from single neurons related to: 1) the ap ...
... relationships between visual and motor signals in the primate Superior Colliculus (SC, a midbrain structure located at the nexus between visual input and motor output that is critical for visual orienting). I recorded extracellular action potentials (spikes) from single neurons related to: 1) the ap ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... I compared constraining a compartmental model to fit the EAP with matching the intracellular action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and ce ...
... I compared constraining a compartmental model to fit the EAP with matching the intracellular action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and ce ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... ventral areas (hV4, V8/V4␣) showed an equal adaptation to both; and 3) early visual areas (V1, V2, V3) showed a small effect in both experiments. These results indicate that processing in dorsal areas may rely mostly on information about absolute disparities, while ventral areas split neural resourc ...
... ventral areas (hV4, V8/V4␣) showed an equal adaptation to both; and 3) early visual areas (V1, V2, V3) showed a small effect in both experiments. These results indicate that processing in dorsal areas may rely mostly on information about absolute disparities, while ventral areas split neural resourc ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... of the spindle-specific slow-developmental myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform in nuclear bag fibers of the residual spindles of mutants (Fig. 1). Expression of this isoform by intrafusal fibers of spindles is dependent on the presence of Ia afferent innervation. Innervation of residual spindles by af ...
... of the spindle-specific slow-developmental myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform in nuclear bag fibers of the residual spindles of mutants (Fig. 1). Expression of this isoform by intrafusal fibers of spindles is dependent on the presence of Ia afferent innervation. Innervation of residual spindles by af ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... tones encompassing the neurons’ excitatory tuning ranges. Neurons with unstable responses over time were rejected from the data set. Serotonin was iontophoresed using currents that did not exceed 90 nA. Because monoamines can have qualitatively different effects at different dosages (Devilbiss and Wate ...
... tones encompassing the neurons’ excitatory tuning ranges. Neurons with unstable responses over time were rejected from the data set. Serotonin was iontophoresed using currents that did not exceed 90 nA. Because monoamines can have qualitatively different effects at different dosages (Devilbiss and Wate ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... size 10), 3) the angular dependence of the maximum dendritic extent from the soma (12 parameters, bin size 30, weight factor 2), and 4) the distribution of dendritic length along the y-axis (17 parameters, bin size 50 lm). The angular length distributions were aligned such that the maximum was at ...
... size 10), 3) the angular dependence of the maximum dendritic extent from the soma (12 parameters, bin size 30, weight factor 2), and 4) the distribution of dendritic length along the y-axis (17 parameters, bin size 50 lm). The angular length distributions were aligned such that the maximum was at ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... different parameters of interest, velocity and speed, recorded from primary motor cortex (M1). We find that the type of information encoded by threshold crossings depends strongly on threshold, and the optimal threshold depends on the parameter of interest. In particular, we find that velocity, a dire ...
... different parameters of interest, velocity and speed, recorded from primary motor cortex (M1). We find that the type of information encoded by threshold crossings depends strongly on threshold, and the optimal threshold depends on the parameter of interest. In particular, we find that velocity, a dire ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... out irrelevant information and to attend to information that is of benefit and interest. Generally, attention is thought to include the following components: working memory, competitive selection, top-down signal sensitivity control, and saliency filters, which select sensory information for the pro ...
... out irrelevant information and to attend to information that is of benefit and interest. Generally, attention is thought to include the following components: working memory, competitive selection, top-down signal sensitivity control, and saliency filters, which select sensory information for the pro ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... dissipata and pars compacta). As shown in this figure, the rostral PPN is an area of high neuronal density. SN, substantia nigra. ...
... dissipata and pars compacta). As shown in this figure, the rostral PPN is an area of high neuronal density. SN, substantia nigra. ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... synapse onto these interneurons to drive local inhibition in the circuit. In deeper layers, interneurons have been found to make preferential connections onto different types of projection neurons. For example, inhibitory contacts from PV interneurons are stronger onto corticothalamic than corticoco ...
... synapse onto these interneurons to drive local inhibition in the circuit. In deeper layers, interneurons have been found to make preferential connections onto different types of projection neurons. For example, inhibitory contacts from PV interneurons are stronger onto corticothalamic than corticoco ...
On the Relationship Between Sum-Product Networks and Bayesian
... In the first direction, I use Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs) to compactly represent the local conditional probability distributions at each node in the resulting BN by exploiting context-specific independence (CSI). The generated BN has a simple directed bipartite graphical structure. I establis ...
... In the first direction, I use Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs) to compactly represent the local conditional probability distributions at each node in the resulting BN by exploiting context-specific independence (CSI). The generated BN has a simple directed bipartite graphical structure. I establis ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
PDF
... hindbrain, the facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) undergo a chain-like tangential migration from their birthplace in rhombomere (r) 4 to their final destination in r6/r7. Here, we report that ablation of either the cell body or the trailing axon of the leading FBMN, or ‘pioneer’ neuron, blocks the ...
... hindbrain, the facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) undergo a chain-like tangential migration from their birthplace in rhombomere (r) 4 to their final destination in r6/r7. Here, we report that ablation of either the cell body or the trailing axon of the leading FBMN, or ‘pioneer’ neuron, blocks the ...
AgenaRisk
... Campos, L. M. d., J. A. Gámez, et al. (2001). "Accelerating chromosome evaluation for partial abductive inference in Bayesian networks by means of explanation set absorption." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, ...
... Campos, L. M. d., J. A. Gámez, et al. (2001). "Accelerating chromosome evaluation for partial abductive inference in Bayesian networks by means of explanation set absorption." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, ...
Background - Harvard University
... a reward before or, as a common interpretation has it, “rewards make you come back for more.” This definition comes close to the idea of instrumental conditioning, in that you get a reward for having done something well, and not automatically as with Pavlovian conditioning. It resembles Pavlov’s def ...
... a reward before or, as a common interpretation has it, “rewards make you come back for more.” This definition comes close to the idea of instrumental conditioning, in that you get a reward for having done something well, and not automatically as with Pavlovian conditioning. It resembles Pavlov’s def ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Flexible Categorization
... degree of similarity of activity in response to the different images. If the activity level was similar to the two images, the correlation would be higher than if activity was different. Permutation tests (Manly, 1997) were used to assess whether average coefficient values were greater than those ob ...
... degree of similarity of activity in response to the different images. If the activity level was similar to the two images, the correlation would be higher than if activity was different. Permutation tests (Manly, 1997) were used to assess whether average coefficient values were greater than those ob ...