Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... condition as “dark” in our experiments because we were removing the light as much as possible. This condition allowed us to test the functional role of JO neurons in the absence of visual feedback. Each flight trial was 4 – 6 min long. To avoid strong bias in baseline wing position from affecting th ...
... condition as “dark” in our experiments because we were removing the light as much as possible. This condition allowed us to test the functional role of JO neurons in the absence of visual feedback. Each flight trial was 4 – 6 min long. To avoid strong bias in baseline wing position from affecting th ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... to narcolepsy. Additionally, it has been reported that the number of orexin neurons is greatly reduced and that orexin peptide levels are decreased to undetectable levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic patients4-6). Orexin/ataxin-3 mice are a well-studied model for narcolepsy; however, or ...
... to narcolepsy. Additionally, it has been reported that the number of orexin neurons is greatly reduced and that orexin peptide levels are decreased to undetectable levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic patients4-6). Orexin/ataxin-3 mice are a well-studied model for narcolepsy; however, or ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... referred to as “fields”) viewed with the 40⫻ objective. For animal R-283, images for nearly-adjacent fields were obtained sequentially until the whole IC was covered; for case R-1119 fields were more sparse but still evenly distributed over the IC slice. Each field was numbered and assigned approximate ...
... referred to as “fields”) viewed with the 40⫻ objective. For animal R-283, images for nearly-adjacent fields were obtained sequentially until the whole IC was covered; for case R-1119 fields were more sparse but still evenly distributed over the IC slice. Each field was numbered and assigned approximate ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... Figure 1. (Opposite.) A diagram of pathways in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system: (a) all pathways overlapped. The bulbospinal red pathways are in the RVLM (figure 2a) and integrate information from the centre and the periphery. The output from this nucleus is crucial for maintaining no ...
... Figure 1. (Opposite.) A diagram of pathways in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system: (a) all pathways overlapped. The bulbospinal red pathways are in the RVLM (figure 2a) and integrate information from the centre and the periphery. The output from this nucleus is crucial for maintaining no ...
Document
... Each neuron has a threshold value Input lines carry weights that represent stimuli The neuron fires when the sum of the incoming weights equals or exceeds its threshold value © Leong Hon Wai, 2003-2008 ...
... Each neuron has a threshold value Input lines carry weights that represent stimuli The neuron fires when the sum of the incoming weights equals or exceeds its threshold value © Leong Hon Wai, 2003-2008 ...
BMC Neuroscience
... emerged. Medial areas received the most widespread projections on the ipsilateral side (average = 12.4 areas), followed by orbitofrontal (average = 11.7 areas), and lateral prefrontal cortices with comparatively more restricted projections (average = 6.3 areas). The more widespread ipsilateral proje ...
... emerged. Medial areas received the most widespread projections on the ipsilateral side (average = 12.4 areas), followed by orbitofrontal (average = 11.7 areas), and lateral prefrontal cortices with comparatively more restricted projections (average = 6.3 areas). The more widespread ipsilateral proje ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... likely that they will fire together in the future, even if only a subset of the cell assembly gets excited by an incomplete stimulus. For example, if we observe a bird singing a characteristic song, we will later be able to identify the type of bird if we only hear its song. Around 20 years after Heb ...
... likely that they will fire together in the future, even if only a subset of the cell assembly gets excited by an incomplete stimulus. For example, if we observe a bird singing a characteristic song, we will later be able to identify the type of bird if we only hear its song. Around 20 years after Heb ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... This study examined the morphology of thalamocortical neurons projecting to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI; hand region of areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2) and their relationship to the spinothalamic (STT) terminals in the squirrel monkey. Retrogradely labeled thalamocortical neurons were intracellular ...
... This study examined the morphology of thalamocortical neurons projecting to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI; hand region of areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2) and their relationship to the spinothalamic (STT) terminals in the squirrel monkey. Retrogradely labeled thalamocortical neurons were intracellular ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... McCormick et al. 1985; Steriade et al. 1998a). Neurons belonging to different neuronal classes do not have preferential anatomical distribution and can be found in different layers of neocortex (Timofeev et al. 2000b). The RS neurons, when depolarized with intracellularly applied steady current puls ...
... McCormick et al. 1985; Steriade et al. 1998a). Neurons belonging to different neuronal classes do not have preferential anatomical distribution and can be found in different layers of neocortex (Timofeev et al. 2000b). The RS neurons, when depolarized with intracellularly applied steady current puls ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... retina consisting mainly of ganglion cell axons and blood vessels, which generates a visual scotoma known as the blind spot (BS). Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena ...
... retina consisting mainly of ganglion cell axons and blood vessels, which generates a visual scotoma known as the blind spot (BS). Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning. Under the aggregate prediction hypothesis, the S-P-H model correctly describes the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of delay conditioning, extinction, latent inhibition, generalization, blocking, overshadowing, discrimination reversa ...
... second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning. Under the aggregate prediction hypothesis, the S-P-H model correctly describes the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of delay conditioning, extinction, latent inhibition, generalization, blocking, overshadowing, discrimination reversa ...
Financial Time Series Forecasting Using Improved Wavelet Neural
... Relational Artificial Neural Network and linear ARIMA model for time series forecasting. The experimental results indicate that the hybrid method outperforms ARIMA, Multiple Regression, GRANN, MARMA, MR ANN, ARIMA and traditional Neural Network approaches. [112] presents a hybrid forecasting model t ...
... Relational Artificial Neural Network and linear ARIMA model for time series forecasting. The experimental results indicate that the hybrid method outperforms ARIMA, Multiple Regression, GRANN, MARMA, MR ANN, ARIMA and traditional Neural Network approaches. [112] presents a hybrid forecasting model t ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... Origin of the NPY-IR innervation of the CRH neurons in the PVN of rats Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the dis ...
... Origin of the NPY-IR innervation of the CRH neurons in the PVN of rats Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the dis ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... investigated, tectal cell receptive fields probed with flashed or moving spots of light vary greatly in size, ranging from roughly circular fields 2-5 degrees across to complex fields extending some 160 degrees. The latter may have elongated or irregular shapes, with multiple subregions with differi ...
... investigated, tectal cell receptive fields probed with flashed or moving spots of light vary greatly in size, ranging from roughly circular fields 2-5 degrees across to complex fields extending some 160 degrees. The latter may have elongated or irregular shapes, with multiple subregions with differi ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
No Slide Title
... A special case: The recognition of two (or three) dimensional trajectories in physical space Simplest solution: Map temporal information into spatial domain. Then apply known pattern recognition techniques. Problem with simplest solution: The speed of the moving point can be a problem! The spatial r ...
... A special case: The recognition of two (or three) dimensional trajectories in physical space Simplest solution: Map temporal information into spatial domain. Then apply known pattern recognition techniques. Problem with simplest solution: The speed of the moving point can be a problem! The spatial r ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... the perirhinal cortex is the most important for performance of the visual recognition memory task (Murray et al., 1993; Eacott et al., 1994; Gaffan, 1994; Leonard et al., 1995). The perirhinal cortex projects to the hippocampus via the entorhinal cortex (area 28) (Van Hoesen and Pandya, 1975b; Insau ...
... the perirhinal cortex is the most important for performance of the visual recognition memory task (Murray et al., 1993; Eacott et al., 1994; Gaffan, 1994; Leonard et al., 1995). The perirhinal cortex projects to the hippocampus via the entorhinal cortex (area 28) (Van Hoesen and Pandya, 1975b; Insau ...
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... Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and possibly other related fields. My long-term vision for such a course is based on the idea that it will include not only specific techniques, such as neural network computing, fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation, but more importantly it wi ...
... Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and possibly other related fields. My long-term vision for such a course is based on the idea that it will include not only specific techniques, such as neural network computing, fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation, but more importantly it wi ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... frequently distributed in bilaminar bands in the superficial and deep layers, by columns spanning the entire cortical depth, and less frequently as small patches centered in the superficial or deep layers. Heavy terminations in layers 1–2 overlapped with calbindin-positive inhibitory neurons. A comp ...
... frequently distributed in bilaminar bands in the superficial and deep layers, by columns spanning the entire cortical depth, and less frequently as small patches centered in the superficial or deep layers. Heavy terminations in layers 1–2 overlapped with calbindin-positive inhibitory neurons. A comp ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... morphological plasticity reflects the degree of stimulation in the living environment of individual animals (Technau, 1984; Heisenberg et al., 1995). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for MB-mediated brain functions, it is important ...
... morphological plasticity reflects the degree of stimulation in the living environment of individual animals (Technau, 1984; Heisenberg et al., 1995). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for MB-mediated brain functions, it is important ...