Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity for the raisin than for the apple (Figure 3; [15]). Such neurons appear to be sensitive to the reward that has the highest utility at a given moment for the animal. The ...
... block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity for the raisin than for the apple (Figure 3; [15]). Such neurons appear to be sensitive to the reward that has the highest utility at a given moment for the animal. The ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... dural stimulation site to the trigeminal ganglion (10±12 mm) and from the ganglion to the C2 segment (15±17 mm), as well as from the GON stimulation site to the central recording site (38±40 mm), was measured and the conduction velocities were calculated. According to the latencies to stimulation, n ...
... dural stimulation site to the trigeminal ganglion (10±12 mm) and from the ganglion to the C2 segment (15±17 mm), as well as from the GON stimulation site to the central recording site (38±40 mm), was measured and the conduction velocities were calculated. According to the latencies to stimulation, n ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... most disparity sensitive neurons in V1 was found to alter when the absolute disparity was changed, leaving the relative disparity constant (Cumming and Parker, 1999). We found a group of disparity sensitive neurons in area CIP (caudal intraparietal) in the parietal cortex, which borders V3A and LIP ...
... most disparity sensitive neurons in V1 was found to alter when the absolute disparity was changed, leaving the relative disparity constant (Cumming and Parker, 1999). We found a group of disparity sensitive neurons in area CIP (caudal intraparietal) in the parietal cortex, which borders V3A and LIP ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V3A/ B differ from those in the two other central representations. Specifically, the central representation in V1/2/3 and the central representation in V7 include ...
... shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V3A/ B differ from those in the two other central representations. Specifically, the central representation in V1/2/3 and the central representation in V7 include ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... rate suggests that vM1 controls these slowly varying motor parameters, as expected from previous motor cortex mapping5,8,16,18,29,39 and neurophysiological experiments5,29,39. The low sampling rate of imaging may have missed rapid modulation in neural activity29. We also quantified decoding accuranc ...
... rate suggests that vM1 controls these slowly varying motor parameters, as expected from previous motor cortex mapping5,8,16,18,29,39 and neurophysiological experiments5,29,39. The low sampling rate of imaging may have missed rapid modulation in neural activity29. We also quantified decoding accuranc ...
PDF
... soma, dendrite, and axon positions may constrain the synaptic connections made between different types of neuron sufficiently as the spinal cord first develops and in this way allow functional networks to form rapidly. For example, if “geographically”the dendrites of some neurons are located mainly do ...
... soma, dendrite, and axon positions may constrain the synaptic connections made between different types of neuron sufficiently as the spinal cord first develops and in this way allow functional networks to form rapidly. For example, if “geographically”the dendrites of some neurons are located mainly do ...
PMAPh_Kirke_AISB_final6
... computation. It has been said that almost any set of symbols with some structural interaction rules can be used to compute. However music holds a unique place as a form of emotional expression [3]. Thus if the symbols and rules of music can be used in computations related to affective (emotional) pr ...
... computation. It has been said that almost any set of symbols with some structural interaction rules can be used to compute. However music holds a unique place as a form of emotional expression [3]. Thus if the symbols and rules of music can be used in computations related to affective (emotional) pr ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... This chapter is about information representation and related competitive dynamics in neural tissue Brief outline of a basic model of a hypercolumn in which neurons respond to specific sensory input with characteristic tuning curves. Discussion of models that show how topographic feature maps can be ...
... This chapter is about information representation and related competitive dynamics in neural tissue Brief outline of a basic model of a hypercolumn in which neurons respond to specific sensory input with characteristic tuning curves. Discussion of models that show how topographic feature maps can be ...
On Theoretical Properties of Sum
... exponentially more concise, using consistency? The answer we give is negative. We show that any distribution represented by a consistent SPN can also be represented by a decomposable SPN, using only polynomially more arithmetic operations. Furthermore, we show that consistent SPNs are not amenable t ...
... exponentially more concise, using consistency? The answer we give is negative. We show that any distribution represented by a consistent SPN can also be represented by a decomposable SPN, using only polynomially more arithmetic operations. Furthermore, we show that consistent SPNs are not amenable t ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... Cl area are local neurons, some of which can be characterized immunocytochemically as containing yaminobutyric acid (GABA),16 or being cholinergic17 or enkephalinergic.18 Neuropepu'de Y is colocalized with PNMT in some Cl neurons," while substance P, also found in the region, is only colocalized wit ...
... Cl area are local neurons, some of which can be characterized immunocytochemically as containing yaminobutyric acid (GABA),16 or being cholinergic17 or enkephalinergic.18 Neuropepu'de Y is colocalized with PNMT in some Cl neurons," while substance P, also found in the region, is only colocalized wit ...
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... the cell body and the axonal diameter of LVN neurons (Deiters, 1865) and physiologic measurements of axonal conduction velocity of LVN neurons activated antidromically from the lumbar cord (Ito et al., 1964; Wilson et al., 1967; Akaike et al., 1973) have confirmed this finding. Finally, these two ne ...
... the cell body and the axonal diameter of LVN neurons (Deiters, 1865) and physiologic measurements of axonal conduction velocity of LVN neurons activated antidromically from the lumbar cord (Ito et al., 1964; Wilson et al., 1967; Akaike et al., 1973) have confirmed this finding. Finally, these two ne ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... and the pons, including rostral dorsolateral pontine respiratory regions (PRG consisting of LPBr, lateral parabrachial region and KF, Kölliker –Fuse nucleus). The top schematic illustrates concentrations of excitatory neurons (red circles) and inhibitory neurons (blue circles) in different compartm ...
... and the pons, including rostral dorsolateral pontine respiratory regions (PRG consisting of LPBr, lateral parabrachial region and KF, Kölliker –Fuse nucleus). The top schematic illustrates concentrations of excitatory neurons (red circles) and inhibitory neurons (blue circles) in different compartm ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... evoked lemniscal response or its characteristic frequency-dependent depression (not shown). This was expected because the lemniscal pathway does not produce feed-forward inhibition due to the lack of inhibitory interneurons in the rodent ventrobasal thalamus (Ohara and Lieberman 1993; Spacek and Lie ...
... evoked lemniscal response or its characteristic frequency-dependent depression (not shown). This was expected because the lemniscal pathway does not produce feed-forward inhibition due to the lack of inhibitory interneurons in the rodent ventrobasal thalamus (Ohara and Lieberman 1993; Spacek and Lie ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... communication. J Neurophysiol 114: 1158 –1171, 2015. First published June 18, 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.01003.2014.—The role of primate frontal cortex in vocal communication and its significance in language evolution have a controversial history. While evidence indicates that vocalization processing occu ...
... communication. J Neurophysiol 114: 1158 –1171, 2015. First published June 18, 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.01003.2014.—The role of primate frontal cortex in vocal communication and its significance in language evolution have a controversial history. While evidence indicates that vocalization processing occu ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... Electrophysiological recordings in locusts and imaging experiments in Drosophila indicated that odor representations do indeed differ remarkably in the AL and the MB. Unlike PNs, KCs respond to odors in a sparse way. However, it is unclear whether this transformation of odor representation is a resu ...
... Electrophysiological recordings in locusts and imaging experiments in Drosophila indicated that odor representations do indeed differ remarkably in the AL and the MB. Unlike PNs, KCs respond to odors in a sparse way. However, it is unclear whether this transformation of odor representation is a resu ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... Figure 31.1 (A) Psychometric curves plot performance as a function of a measure of the stimulus. The dashed line represents the psychometric threshold, which is the stimulus value at which the subject can achieve a certain level of performance. In this example, the relevant stimulus parameter for t ...
... Figure 31.1 (A) Psychometric curves plot performance as a function of a measure of the stimulus. The dashed line represents the psychometric threshold, which is the stimulus value at which the subject can achieve a certain level of performance. In this example, the relevant stimulus parameter for t ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... place between the inferior and superior colliculi. In barn owls, the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus provides the main auditory input to the SC and is well studied (Knudsen and Konishi, 1978). It combines cues based on interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD ...
... place between the inferior and superior colliculi. In barn owls, the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus provides the main auditory input to the SC and is well studied (Knudsen and Konishi, 1978). It combines cues based on interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... frequency-modulated audible noise. Imagine further that, using these stimuli, you make the remarkable discovery that the responses of neurons within Wernicke’s area (for example) are correlated with behavioral judgments (of, for instance, whether the frequency modulation was high-to-low or low-to-hi ...
... frequency-modulated audible noise. Imagine further that, using these stimuli, you make the remarkable discovery that the responses of neurons within Wernicke’s area (for example) are correlated with behavioral judgments (of, for instance, whether the frequency modulation was high-to-low or low-to-hi ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... Excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons were modeled separately using experimentally reported input resistances, membrane time constants and firing characteristics of regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) neurons (Connors et al., 1982; McCormick et al., 1985). The cellular parameters used he ...
... Excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons were modeled separately using experimentally reported input resistances, membrane time constants and firing characteristics of regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) neurons (Connors et al., 1982; McCormick et al., 1985). The cellular parameters used he ...
new techniques for imaging, digitization and analysis of
... al., 2003; Schmitt et al., 2004; and see van Pelt et al., 2001 for review), the limited size of the data sets that can be handled, and the general requirement for extensive manual editing renders these impractical in most cases for reconstructing entire neurons or multicellular structures at high re ...
... al., 2003; Schmitt et al., 2004; and see van Pelt et al., 2001 for review), the limited size of the data sets that can be handled, and the general requirement for extensive manual editing renders these impractical in most cases for reconstructing entire neurons or multicellular structures at high re ...
On the realization of asymmetric high radix signed digital
... In the early 1940's scientists came up with the hypothesis that neurons, fundamental, active cells in all animal nervous systems might be regarded as devices for manipulating binary numbers. Thus spawning the use of computers as the traditional replicates of ANNs to be understood is that advancement ...
... In the early 1940's scientists came up with the hypothesis that neurons, fundamental, active cells in all animal nervous systems might be regarded as devices for manipulating binary numbers. Thus spawning the use of computers as the traditional replicates of ANNs to be understood is that advancement ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... isofrequency columns extending along the representations of arcs of vibrissae, in agreement with the gradient in vibrissa resonance across the vibrissa pad. These findings suggest several parallels between frequency processing in the vibrissa system and the auditory system and have important implica ...
... isofrequency columns extending along the representations of arcs of vibrissae, in agreement with the gradient in vibrissa resonance across the vibrissa pad. These findings suggest several parallels between frequency processing in the vibrissa system and the auditory system and have important implica ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... if they mirrored the future. When observing actions, humans also anticipate the next move of the observed individual, and this is evident in their eye movement patterns (Flanagan & Johansson, 2003), as well as in the motor (Kilner et al., 2004) and ventral premotor cortex (Nishitani & Hari, 2000; Ra ...
... if they mirrored the future. When observing actions, humans also anticipate the next move of the observed individual, and this is evident in their eye movement patterns (Flanagan & Johansson, 2003), as well as in the motor (Kilner et al., 2004) and ventral premotor cortex (Nishitani & Hari, 2000; Ra ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... capsule, at the level of the entopeduncular nucleus, was transected by a Halazs knife at 6 - 1 0 days prior to the recording. This was tc eliminate afferents to STH ortginating from the structures rostral to STH. RESULTS The results were obtained from 98 STH neurons which had membrane potentials of ...
... capsule, at the level of the entopeduncular nucleus, was transected by a Halazs knife at 6 - 1 0 days prior to the recording. This was tc eliminate afferents to STH ortginating from the structures rostral to STH. RESULTS The results were obtained from 98 STH neurons which had membrane potentials of ...