kwanPNAS08
... by SOX5 (L-SOX5), a transcription factor that has been shown to regulate chondrogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, and the sequential generation of cortical neurons (13–16). In this study, we show that Sox5 postmitotically controls the laminar positioning, molecular differentiation, and layer-specific pat ...
... by SOX5 (L-SOX5), a transcription factor that has been shown to regulate chondrogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, and the sequential generation of cortical neurons (13–16). In this study, we show that Sox5 postmitotically controls the laminar positioning, molecular differentiation, and layer-specific pat ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... periphery. This coding format discrepancy therefore poses a potential problem for brain regions responsible for representing both visual and auditory information. Here, we investigated the coding of auditory space in the primate superior colliculus(SC), a structure known to contain visual and oculom ...
... periphery. This coding format discrepancy therefore poses a potential problem for brain regions responsible for representing both visual and auditory information. Here, we investigated the coding of auditory space in the primate superior colliculus(SC), a structure known to contain visual and oculom ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... The functional role of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as the central chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are ...
... The functional role of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as the central chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are ...
Basis Functions for Object
... not provide a basis set for motor commands. In the case of eye movements, this is easy to see: you cannot move your eye to the right side of an object if you do not know where this right side is relative to your fovea. In addition to the object-centered location of the object subparts, one needs to ...
... not provide a basis set for motor commands. In the case of eye movements, this is easy to see: you cannot move your eye to the right side of an object if you do not know where this right side is relative to your fovea. In addition to the object-centered location of the object subparts, one needs to ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... can perform face recognition without requiring that neighboring pixels in its camera be connected to neighboring positions on its circuit board. Organisms could still be using topographic relationships for decoding, but it remains unclear for most biological systems whether the accuracy of such deco ...
... can perform face recognition without requiring that neighboring pixels in its camera be connected to neighboring positions on its circuit board. Organisms could still be using topographic relationships for decoding, but it remains unclear for most biological systems whether the accuracy of such deco ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... Ventral Patterning in the Hindbrain and Midbrain Early in its development, the hindbrain becomes subdivided into a series of seven to eight segments called rhombomeres (r1–8) (reviewed in Kiecker & Lumsden 2005). Nevertheless, the topological organization of neurons along the DV axis of the hindbrai ...
... Ventral Patterning in the Hindbrain and Midbrain Early in its development, the hindbrain becomes subdivided into a series of seven to eight segments called rhombomeres (r1–8) (reviewed in Kiecker & Lumsden 2005). Nevertheless, the topological organization of neurons along the DV axis of the hindbrai ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... Associated With the Concepts of Local and Distributed Coding Hubel and Wiesel (1962, 1968) provided some of the first insights into the neural representations that support early vision. They observed that single cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) were driven by simple but readily interpretable ...
... Associated With the Concepts of Local and Distributed Coding Hubel and Wiesel (1962, 1968) provided some of the first insights into the neural representations that support early vision. They observed that single cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) were driven by simple but readily interpretable ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of the map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are gui ...
... and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of the map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are gui ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... MIRA: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands ...
... MIRA: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... there may be rostral and caudal subdivisions of Brodmann’s area 24. Finally, a thorough modification of Brodmann’s original scheme has been made that includes Braak’s observations as well as those made in macaque monkey cingulate cortex based on the connections of anterior and posterior area 24 (Vog ...
... there may be rostral and caudal subdivisions of Brodmann’s area 24. Finally, a thorough modification of Brodmann’s original scheme has been made that includes Braak’s observations as well as those made in macaque monkey cingulate cortex based on the connections of anterior and posterior area 24 (Vog ...
Temporal fate specification and neural progenitor competence
... The roles of the later candidate temporal-identity factors Pdm and Cas have been characterized in multiple neuroblast lineages, with different results in each lineage tested. In the NB7‑1 lineage (FIG. 1b), Pdm is necessary and sufficient to specify the U4 motor neuron fate, and Pdm and Cas together ...
... The roles of the later candidate temporal-identity factors Pdm and Cas have been characterized in multiple neuroblast lineages, with different results in each lineage tested. In the NB7‑1 lineage (FIG. 1b), Pdm is necessary and sufficient to specify the U4 motor neuron fate, and Pdm and Cas together ...
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the
... to recognize the identity and rank of the individuals encountered. Further support for the role of the amygdala in face processing is provided by neuroimaging studies that demonstrate reliable activation of the amygdala in response to passive viewing of faces in both humans (Breiter et al. 1996; Mor ...
... to recognize the identity and rank of the individuals encountered. Further support for the role of the amygdala in face processing is provided by neuroimaging studies that demonstrate reliable activation of the amygdala in response to passive viewing of faces in both humans (Breiter et al. 1996; Mor ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... not appear to encode value itself, but rather a teaching signal used to update value representations elsewhere in the brain. To review, we have outlined a broad framework loosely categorizing value-related neural activity into action selection, value representation, and value updating. This conceptu ...
... not appear to encode value itself, but rather a teaching signal used to update value representations elsewhere in the brain. To review, we have outlined a broad framework loosely categorizing value-related neural activity into action selection, value representation, and value updating. This conceptu ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... selective attention to particular attributes of visual stimuli, such as color or motion, enhanced the activity in regions of extrastriate cortex that process these attributes (e.g., Corbetta et al., 1990). We therefore hypothesized that focusing attention on features of a mental image, rather than o ...
... selective attention to particular attributes of visual stimuli, such as color or motion, enhanced the activity in regions of extrastriate cortex that process these attributes (e.g., Corbetta et al., 1990). We therefore hypothesized that focusing attention on features of a mental image, rather than o ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... In semi-thin section, the ganglion consisted of an agglomeration of clusters of neurons separated by nerve fibres, blood vessels and prominent septa of collagen. The capsule of the ganglion was conspicuous, 30–50 lm thick and was composed of several layers of collagen fibres and flattened fibroblasts. T ...
... In semi-thin section, the ganglion consisted of an agglomeration of clusters of neurons separated by nerve fibres, blood vessels and prominent septa of collagen. The capsule of the ganglion was conspicuous, 30–50 lm thick and was composed of several layers of collagen fibres and flattened fibroblasts. T ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... an otherwise random growth process and are thereby capable of generating multiple isometric variants of a single reconstructed instance. Because self-referential cues can account for these properties, we propose their descriptions might be useful as an integral part of overall neuronal morphological ...
... an otherwise random growth process and are thereby capable of generating multiple isometric variants of a single reconstructed instance. Because self-referential cues can account for these properties, we propose their descriptions might be useful as an integral part of overall neuronal morphological ...
Mechanisms for Stable, Robust, and Adaptive Development of
... theoretical model of map organization and has strong empirical evidence, with a mean pinwheel density across four species (tree shrew, galago, cat, and ferret) statistically indistinguishable from (Kaschube et al., 2010); see data from three species in Figure 3D. To establish the pinwheel density ...
... theoretical model of map organization and has strong empirical evidence, with a mean pinwheel density across four species (tree shrew, galago, cat, and ferret) statistically indistinguishable from (Kaschube et al., 2010); see data from three species in Figure 3D. To establish the pinwheel density ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Sleep induction is mediated by homeostatic factors adenosine and nitric oxide in BF and neocortex and by increased activity of median pro-optic nucleus GABA neurons that inhibit the wake-promoting neurons of ARAS. Circadian influences are mediated by direct retinal and indirect SCN projections to GA ...
... Sleep induction is mediated by homeostatic factors adenosine and nitric oxide in BF and neocortex and by increased activity of median pro-optic nucleus GABA neurons that inhibit the wake-promoting neurons of ARAS. Circadian influences are mediated by direct retinal and indirect SCN projections to GA ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... Recording in the CN. Two tungsten electrodes of ⬃2 M⍀ impedevaluated data included only neurons with stable spike waveforms over ance separated by 100 m were connected to the TDT 16-channel the entire recording session. Single-unit responses to a series of tone preamplifier of the recording system ...
... Recording in the CN. Two tungsten electrodes of ⬃2 M⍀ impedevaluated data included only neurons with stable spike waveforms over ance separated by 100 m were connected to the TDT 16-channel the entire recording session. Single-unit responses to a series of tone preamplifier of the recording system ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... To restrict our analysis specifically to VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decar ...
... To restrict our analysis specifically to VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decar ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... Neon colour spreading and other illusions. Filling-in occurs in a variety of well-known illusions, three of which are described here. In these cases, filling-in occurs in the normal visual field and does not require prolonged fixation. In FIG. 1b, line ends of coloured parts of the circles are align ...
... Neon colour spreading and other illusions. Filling-in occurs in a variety of well-known illusions, three of which are described here. In these cases, filling-in occurs in the normal visual field and does not require prolonged fixation. In FIG. 1b, line ends of coloured parts of the circles are align ...
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
... protocol layer. Currently five service types have been defined. They are referred to as AAL1-5. AAL1 and AAL2 are connection oriented. AAL1 provides a constant bit rate (CBR) service, where as AAL2 provides a variable bit rate (VBR) service. Initially, AAL 3 was defined to provide connection oriente ...
... protocol layer. Currently five service types have been defined. They are referred to as AAL1-5. AAL1 and AAL2 are connection oriented. AAL1 provides a constant bit rate (CBR) service, where as AAL2 provides a variable bit rate (VBR) service. Initially, AAL 3 was defined to provide connection oriente ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... layer of area 18. All recording sites were restricted to within 800 m of the surface of the cortex, above the depth where the high spontaneous activities and brisk ON-OFF responses associated with layer 4 were obtained (Gilbert 1977; Snodderly and Gur 1995). Neuronal signals were amplified (⫻10,000 ...
... layer of area 18. All recording sites were restricted to within 800 m of the surface of the cortex, above the depth where the high spontaneous activities and brisk ON-OFF responses associated with layer 4 were obtained (Gilbert 1977; Snodderly and Gur 1995). Neuronal signals were amplified (⫻10,000 ...