Chapter 9b final
... Melatonin at appropriate time (just before going to bed) reduces the adverse effects of jet lag and shift work Also improved sleep of blind people • light cannot serve as a zeiteber ...
... Melatonin at appropriate time (just before going to bed) reduces the adverse effects of jet lag and shift work Also improved sleep of blind people • light cannot serve as a zeiteber ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... of excitation and 47 of inhibition against 9 of excitation followed by inhibition and 19 of inhibition followed by excitation). The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the sum ...
... of excitation and 47 of inhibition against 9 of excitation followed by inhibition and 19 of inhibition followed by excitation). The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the sum ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... from one object to another. These movements or saccades bring the high resolution of the fovea to bear on different regions of the visual field, exploiting the high density of photoreceptors in the central fovea. Without saccades this high-resolution processing could be achieved only by moving the h ...
... from one object to another. These movements or saccades bring the high resolution of the fovea to bear on different regions of the visual field, exploiting the high density of photoreceptors in the central fovea. Without saccades this high-resolution processing could be achieved only by moving the h ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... which is reciprocally connected to the lateral geniculate nucleus, or L G N , in the thalamus. The second is the primary motor area, Brodmann's area 4, which is reciprocally connected to the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, or VLp, in the thalamus. It appears in the cases which have been closely s ...
... which is reciprocally connected to the lateral geniculate nucleus, or L G N , in the thalamus. The second is the primary motor area, Brodmann's area 4, which is reciprocally connected to the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, or VLp, in the thalamus. It appears in the cases which have been closely s ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... which is reciprocally connected to the lateral geniculate nucleus, or L G N , in the thalamus. The second is the primary motor area, Brodmann's area 4, which is reciprocally connected to the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, or VLp, in the thalamus. It appears in the cases which have been closely s ...
... which is reciprocally connected to the lateral geniculate nucleus, or L G N , in the thalamus. The second is the primary motor area, Brodmann's area 4, which is reciprocally connected to the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, or VLp, in the thalamus. It appears in the cases which have been closely s ...
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (Undergraduate Topics in
... be an accessible introduction to modern AI for self-study or as the foundation of a four-hour lecture, with at most 300 pages. The result is in front of you. In the space of 300 pages, a field as extensive as AI cannot be fully covered. To avoid turning the book into a table of contents, I have atte ...
... be an accessible introduction to modern AI for self-study or as the foundation of a four-hour lecture, with at most 300 pages. The result is in front of you. In the space of 300 pages, a field as extensive as AI cannot be fully covered. To avoid turning the book into a table of contents, I have atte ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... bath-applied. During recording, Neurobiotin was injected into the recorded cell with a 0.3– 0.5 nA current for 2–10 min. After the experiment, the slice was carefully removed from the recording chamber and fixed in fresh 4% paraformaldehyde. The slice was then cryoprotected by passage through a seri ...
... bath-applied. During recording, Neurobiotin was injected into the recorded cell with a 0.3– 0.5 nA current for 2–10 min. After the experiment, the slice was carefully removed from the recording chamber and fixed in fresh 4% paraformaldehyde. The slice was then cryoprotected by passage through a seri ...
Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel
... studies (Durham and Woolsey, 1977; Kossut et al., 1988; McCasland and Woolsey, 1988) and optical imaging of intrinsic reflectance changes of the cortical surface (Masino and Frostig, 1996). An alternative approach is to image neuronal activity with voltage-sensitive dyes, which can record both the s ...
... studies (Durham and Woolsey, 1977; Kossut et al., 1988; McCasland and Woolsey, 1988) and optical imaging of intrinsic reflectance changes of the cortical surface (Masino and Frostig, 1996). An alternative approach is to image neuronal activity with voltage-sensitive dyes, which can record both the s ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... We explored the effective connectivity underpinning abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly const ...
... We explored the effective connectivity underpinning abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly const ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... The processing of sensory information, and most other aspects of brain function, relies on the specificity with which connections are formed between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies of the visual system in particular have shown that several mechanisms are used during development to gui ...
... The processing of sensory information, and most other aspects of brain function, relies on the specificity with which connections are formed between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies of the visual system in particular have shown that several mechanisms are used during development to gui ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... example whether they are egocentric (relative to parts of the body) or allocentric (relative to the external environment), the durations over which different representations are maintained, the uses they are put to, and how they interact with each other. However, there is currently no clear consensu ...
... example whether they are egocentric (relative to parts of the body) or allocentric (relative to the external environment), the durations over which different representations are maintained, the uses they are put to, and how they interact with each other. However, there is currently no clear consensu ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
Probabilistic Inference in Multiply Connected Belief Networks Using
... p. 32). A multiply connected belief network, on the other hand, can have more than one path (in the undirected sense) between nodes (see Fig. lb). Unfortunately, many belief networks of practical use are multiply connected. Pearl presents several ways to apply the SCBN algorithm to such networks (Pe ...
... p. 32). A multiply connected belief network, on the other hand, can have more than one path (in the undirected sense) between nodes (see Fig. lb). Unfortunately, many belief networks of practical use are multiply connected. Pearl presents several ways to apply the SCBN algorithm to such networks (Pe ...
IV. Model Application: the UAV Autonomous Learning in Unknown
... developed, by adding additional connections among nuclei or more areas in the basal ganglia circuitry. They are built using artificial neural network [8, 12, 19], conductance-based biological neuron models [17] or spiking neural networks [20]. While there still need some improvements in these models ...
... developed, by adding additional connections among nuclei or more areas in the basal ganglia circuitry. They are built using artificial neural network [8, 12, 19], conductance-based biological neuron models [17] or spiking neural networks [20]. While there still need some improvements in these models ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
... subject receives a reward if the action was correct. For each stimulus only one of the possible responses is rewarded. Thus, the subject has to learn by trial-and-error which combinations of stimuli and actions yield reward. Although this experimental setup seems to be very specific, it contains man ...
... subject receives a reward if the action was correct. For each stimulus only one of the possible responses is rewarded. Thus, the subject has to learn by trial-and-error which combinations of stimuli and actions yield reward. Although this experimental setup seems to be very specific, it contains man ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer Thinning Within One Month of
... input image data are initially segmented using the inner limiting membrane (ILM) and RPE segmentation algorithms to create a region of interest within which lie within the intraretinal layers. The algorithm continues in such a hierarchical approach, segmenting first the outer boundary of the outer p ...
... input image data are initially segmented using the inner limiting membrane (ILM) and RPE segmentation algorithms to create a region of interest within which lie within the intraretinal layers. The algorithm continues in such a hierarchical approach, segmenting first the outer boundary of the outer p ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... how they affect the rest of the brain. In this thesis, I examine one of the emotional subsystems, the fear system, using a detailed neurocomputational model. The fear system has been extensively studied; the key brain regions involved have been identified, and theories have been developed regarding t ...
... how they affect the rest of the brain. In this thesis, I examine one of the emotional subsystems, the fear system, using a detailed neurocomputational model. The fear system has been extensively studied; the key brain regions involved have been identified, and theories have been developed regarding t ...
Deep Learning for Artificial General Intelligence
... pairs (k, t) to weight indices. xt may directly affect certain xk (k > t) through outgoing connections or links represented through a current set outt of indices k with t ∈ ink . Some of the non-input events are called output events.a a Jürgen Schmidhuber. “Deep learning in neural networks: An over ...
... pairs (k, t) to weight indices. xt may directly affect certain xk (k > t) through outgoing connections or links represented through a current set outt of indices k with t ∈ ink . Some of the non-input events are called output events.a a Jürgen Schmidhuber. “Deep learning in neural networks: An over ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... as providing something akin to an eligibility trace (as in TD[]; Sutton & Barto, 1998; Pan et al., 2005). We believe this sort of actively maintained working memory representation is particularly crucial in trace conditioning paradigms in which there is an interval of time between CS-offset and US- ...
... as providing something akin to an eligibility trace (as in TD[]; Sutton & Barto, 1998; Pan et al., 2005). We believe this sort of actively maintained working memory representation is particularly crucial in trace conditioning paradigms in which there is an interval of time between CS-offset and US- ...
Acoustical Vision of Neglected Stimuli: Interaction among Spatially
... presented at the same position (or at close disparity) as a visual stimulus influenced detection of previously neglected visual targets. Before going on to understand the implications of this finding in a context of a cross-modal interaction between vision and audition, we need to explore the possib ...
... presented at the same position (or at close disparity) as a visual stimulus influenced detection of previously neglected visual targets. Before going on to understand the implications of this finding in a context of a cross-modal interaction between vision and audition, we need to explore the possib ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... in some cases, even the death of inappropriately connected neurons,32 DD remodeling appears to be unique. However, the discovery of this unique form of neural plasticity is primarily because of our complete understanding of the neural connectivity of C. elegans, made possible by work from John White ...
... in some cases, even the death of inappropriately connected neurons,32 DD remodeling appears to be unique. However, the discovery of this unique form of neural plasticity is primarily because of our complete understanding of the neural connectivity of C. elegans, made possible by work from John White ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the suppression of unwanted behavior. Monkeys as well as humans can voluntarily move their eyes not only to look at s ...
... lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the suppression of unwanted behavior. Monkeys as well as humans can voluntarily move their eyes not only to look at s ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... possible to use the light microscope to determine the specific cell type of a neuron in the cerebral cortex, and to then examine the same neuron with the electron nncroscope to identify those regions of its cell membrane which are involved in thalamocortical synapseslsa. In this way the specific cor ...
... possible to use the light microscope to determine the specific cell type of a neuron in the cerebral cortex, and to then examine the same neuron with the electron nncroscope to identify those regions of its cell membrane which are involved in thalamocortical synapseslsa. In this way the specific cor ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... Topographic Map of the Whiskers and Columnar Organization To visualize the organization of the mouse somatosensory cortex, Woolsey and van der Loos45 separated the cerebral cortex from the underlying structures. Then, they flattened the curved cortex between two slides and sectioned the slab in a ta ...
... Topographic Map of the Whiskers and Columnar Organization To visualize the organization of the mouse somatosensory cortex, Woolsey and van der Loos45 separated the cerebral cortex from the underlying structures. Then, they flattened the curved cortex between two slides and sectioned the slab in a ta ...