Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... Characterizing the relationship between stimulus and response is difficult because neuronal responses are complex and variable. Neurons typically respond by producing complex spike sequences that reflect both the intrinsic dynamics of the neuron and the temporal characteristics of the stimulus. Isol ...
... Characterizing the relationship between stimulus and response is difficult because neuronal responses are complex and variable. Neurons typically respond by producing complex spike sequences that reflect both the intrinsic dynamics of the neuron and the temporal characteristics of the stimulus. Isol ...
hanPNAS11
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... Unless otherwise indicated, statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test with a level of significance of P ⬍ 0.05. Data are presented as means ⫾ SE. RESULTS ...
... Unless otherwise indicated, statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test with a level of significance of P ⬍ 0.05. Data are presented as means ⫾ SE. RESULTS ...
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... Both stimulus features and attention inXuence the synchronization of action potentials generated by diVerent cortical neurons. For example, neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) increase their synchronization during long continuous tones (deCharms and Merzenich, 1996). In visual cortex, neurons wi ...
... Both stimulus features and attention inXuence the synchronization of action potentials generated by diVerent cortical neurons. For example, neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) increase their synchronization during long continuous tones (deCharms and Merzenich, 1996). In visual cortex, neurons wi ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... intracortical processing plays a major role in the generation of cortical modulatory surrounds. Relating the organization of the responsive and modulatory regions of cortical neurons to a simple model with a center and a surround is not as easy as it is for retinal ganglion cells. A complicating fac ...
... intracortical processing plays a major role in the generation of cortical modulatory surrounds. Relating the organization of the responsive and modulatory regions of cortical neurons to a simple model with a center and a surround is not as easy as it is for retinal ganglion cells. A complicating fac ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... msec before to 40 msec after saccade initiation for each neuron in the overlap condition. Then, the average activity was measured in a 10 msec interval extending from 5 msec before to 5 msec after the peak. For this analysis, only saccades that landed within a radius that deviated less than 625% of ...
... msec before to 40 msec after saccade initiation for each neuron in the overlap condition. Then, the average activity was measured in a 10 msec interval extending from 5 msec before to 5 msec after the peak. For this analysis, only saccades that landed within a radius that deviated less than 625% of ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... 2001). Almost nothing is known, however, about whether aspects of food other than taste and smell are represented in the amygdala. The texture of food is important in its palatability and acceptability (Bourne, 2002, consider e.g. damp cereal or potato chips), and temperature may also be important ( ...
... 2001). Almost nothing is known, however, about whether aspects of food other than taste and smell are represented in the amygdala. The texture of food is important in its palatability and acceptability (Bourne, 2002, consider e.g. damp cereal or potato chips), and temperature may also be important ( ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... and responses to neurotransmitters of petrosal and geniculate ganglion neurons innervating the tongue. J Neurophysiol 84: 1404 –1413, 2000. The properties of afferent sensory neurons supplying taste receptors on the tongue were examined in vitro. Neurons in the geniculate (GG) and petrosal ganglia ( ...
... and responses to neurotransmitters of petrosal and geniculate ganglion neurons innervating the tongue. J Neurophysiol 84: 1404 –1413, 2000. The properties of afferent sensory neurons supplying taste receptors on the tongue were examined in vitro. Neurons in the geniculate (GG) and petrosal ganglia ( ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... stimuli were presented on a 24-inch cathode-ray tube monitor (GDMFW900; Sony, Tokyo, Japan; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes and subtended 64 3 44 of visual angle. A 0.5 square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (gray, white, red, and green ...
... stimuli were presented on a 24-inch cathode-ray tube monitor (GDMFW900; Sony, Tokyo, Japan; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes and subtended 64 3 44 of visual angle. A 0.5 square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (gray, white, red, and green ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... neurons were performed to assess the effects of serotonin depletion on the normal development of these neurons. The brain and ventral nerve cord of the embryo were dissected free and placed in a well of cold lobster saline on a poly-L-lysine (0.01% in dH2O; Sigma)-coated slide. Preparations were the ...
... neurons were performed to assess the effects of serotonin depletion on the normal development of these neurons. The brain and ventral nerve cord of the embryo were dissected free and placed in a well of cold lobster saline on a poly-L-lysine (0.01% in dH2O; Sigma)-coated slide. Preparations were the ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents [18]. The TRN provides a major inhibitory input to thalamic relay nuclei [19]. The inhibitory TRN cells are densely innervated by collaterals from thalamocortical and corticothalamic neurons, both of which generate s ...
... axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents [18]. The TRN provides a major inhibitory input to thalamic relay nuclei [19]. The inhibitory TRN cells are densely innervated by collaterals from thalamocortical and corticothalamic neurons, both of which generate s ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... The origin of the signals that induce the differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a long-standing question in vertebrate embryology. Here we show that Xenopus neural induction starts earlier than previously thought, at the blastula stage, and requires the combined activity of two dist ...
... The origin of the signals that induce the differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a long-standing question in vertebrate embryology. Here we show that Xenopus neural induction starts earlier than previously thought, at the blastula stage, and requires the combined activity of two dist ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... differential units were closely linked to the sensory features of the stimuli, and some to their behavioural significance, others were conditional, in that they would only respond if a particular stimulus was present, and if it was the one being currently rewarded. Other neurons had activity related ...
... differential units were closely linked to the sensory features of the stimuli, and some to their behavioural significance, others were conditional, in that they would only respond if a particular stimulus was present, and if it was the one being currently rewarded. Other neurons had activity related ...
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... distribution of these scores was less shifted than in shams (Fig. 3f versus Fig. 3i; Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001) and did not differ from zero (Fig. 3i; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.12). There was no significant inverse correlation between changes in firing in response to unexpected reward an ...
... distribution of these scores was less shifted than in shams (Fig. 3f versus Fig. 3i; Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001) and did not differ from zero (Fig. 3i; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.12). There was no significant inverse correlation between changes in firing in response to unexpected reward an ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... enough to demonstrate response (or activity) gain. Indeed, some of the data reported in a prior SSVEP study2 are suggestive of multiplicative attention effects on SSVEP amplitudes. Here we rigorously tested the attentional response and activity gain hypotheses for neural population activity by recor ...
... enough to demonstrate response (or activity) gain. Indeed, some of the data reported in a prior SSVEP study2 are suggestive of multiplicative attention effects on SSVEP amplitudes. Here we rigorously tested the attentional response and activity gain hypotheses for neural population activity by recor ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, there is a small group of putative glutamatergic neurons w ...
... Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, there is a small group of putative glutamatergic neurons w ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... performed with the help of Mathematica (Wolfram Research, Inc.). We provide documented Matlab code for some of the methods described below within the framework of the FIND toolbox (Meier et al., 2007; http://find.bccn.uni-freiburg.de). 2.1.3. Operational time and rate modulation Neurons observed in ...
... performed with the help of Mathematica (Wolfram Research, Inc.). We provide documented Matlab code for some of the methods described below within the framework of the FIND toolbox (Meier et al., 2007; http://find.bccn.uni-freiburg.de). 2.1.3. Operational time and rate modulation Neurons observed in ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... The behavioraltasksaswell asstorageand display of data were the end of the filled area represents dimming of the spot. Bottom : locations of the fixation point and target points (o ) . In most experiments, the target controlled by computer (PC 9801 RA2 1, NEC, Tokyo). Eyeposipoint was chosen from 32 ...
... The behavioraltasksaswell asstorageand display of data were the end of the filled area represents dimming of the spot. Bottom : locations of the fixation point and target points (o ) . In most experiments, the target controlled by computer (PC 9801 RA2 1, NEC, Tokyo). Eyeposipoint was chosen from 32 ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... Although rhythmic STN–GP activity was correlated with SWA, the phase relationships of activities of neurons within the STN and GP and between the nuclei were variable. Even when neurons displayed synchronous bursting activity, correlations on the millisecond time scale, which might indicate shared s ...
... Although rhythmic STN–GP activity was correlated with SWA, the phase relationships of activities of neurons within the STN and GP and between the nuclei were variable. Even when neurons displayed synchronous bursting activity, correlations on the millisecond time scale, which might indicate shared s ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... analog signal is digitized at 20,000 Hz and templates formed during an initial sampling period (60 s). Subsequently, the matching algorithm is engaged only if the digitized voltage levels reach a prespecified value. Spikes are then included in a template only if more than a user-defined percentage o ...
... analog signal is digitized at 20,000 Hz and templates formed during an initial sampling period (60 s). Subsequently, the matching algorithm is engaged only if the digitized voltage levels reach a prespecified value. Spikes are then included in a template only if more than a user-defined percentage o ...