From Thought to Action
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... themselves complex, created by people, and have no necessary relationship to the real system in question. How do we know these models aren't just completely made up fantasies? The answer seems simple: the models must be constrained by data at as many levels as possible, and they must generate predic ...
... themselves complex, created by people, and have no necessary relationship to the real system in question. How do we know these models aren't just completely made up fantasies? The answer seems simple: the models must be constrained by data at as many levels as possible, and they must generate predic ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role
... Importantly, this opposing signal would be temporally delayed relative to the initial facilitation (given the extra synapse and slower time constant associated with disinhibition). The net result would be that Go signals lead to short-lasting GPi pauses and associated thalamic bursting activity. Thi ...
... Importantly, this opposing signal would be temporally delayed relative to the initial facilitation (given the extra synapse and slower time constant associated with disinhibition). The net result would be that Go signals lead to short-lasting GPi pauses and associated thalamic bursting activity. Thi ...
Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... NOS in preganglionic parasympathetic neurons antibody. In the present study, sections from case N24 (7 h post-mortem delay) were used for mapping the distribution of NOS-positive cells. Nitric oxide synthetase-positive perikarya have been divided into medium sized (long axis >25 (im) and small neur ...
... NOS in preganglionic parasympathetic neurons antibody. In the present study, sections from case N24 (7 h post-mortem delay) were used for mapping the distribution of NOS-positive cells. Nitric oxide synthetase-positive perikarya have been divided into medium sized (long axis >25 (im) and small neur ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... evidence for the existence of the recurrent feedback inhibition between spiny projection neurons has only been forthcoming during the last 2 years, and does not fit the relatively simple previously suggested role of a selection circuit. Similarly, striatal interneurons (e.g., the fast-spiking intern ...
... evidence for the existence of the recurrent feedback inhibition between spiny projection neurons has only been forthcoming during the last 2 years, and does not fit the relatively simple previously suggested role of a selection circuit. Similarly, striatal interneurons (e.g., the fast-spiking intern ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... of the solitary tract (NTS). Limbic, cortical and midbrain structures (not represented here) are responsible for rapid behaviour-related adjustments of sympathetic tone but are probably not involved in the long-term regulation of BP, except perhaps in the context of stress-related hypertension. The ...
... of the solitary tract (NTS). Limbic, cortical and midbrain structures (not represented here) are responsible for rapid behaviour-related adjustments of sympathetic tone but are probably not involved in the long-term regulation of BP, except perhaps in the context of stress-related hypertension. The ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
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... length, branch number, and dendritic end number for each eGFPþ neuron. Neurons were selected for analysis based on expression of eGFP throughout the cell body and its processes. Cells were excluded if they exhibit excessive overlapping with adjacent eGFP expressing neurons, their morphology is not i ...
... length, branch number, and dendritic end number for each eGFPþ neuron. Neurons were selected for analysis based on expression of eGFP throughout the cell body and its processes. Cells were excluded if they exhibit excessive overlapping with adjacent eGFP expressing neurons, their morphology is not i ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... and Braitenberg 1979; Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). In this model, both the orientation specificity and the organization of receptive fields are determined by the geometry of cortical columns. The model is based on the experimental results by Hubel and Wiesel (1974) and postulates that orientations a ...
... and Braitenberg 1979; Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). In this model, both the orientation specificity and the organization of receptive fields are determined by the geometry of cortical columns. The model is based on the experimental results by Hubel and Wiesel (1974) and postulates that orientations a ...
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... (resolvability criterion). For each selected pair of channels, we connect the corresponding input neurons to a single coincidence detector neuron. The connection from the neuron with higher CF has an axonal delay Δ / , where Δ is the phase difference between the two filters at k.f0 (which is known a ...
... (resolvability criterion). For each selected pair of channels, we connect the corresponding input neurons to a single coincidence detector neuron. The connection from the neuron with higher CF has an axonal delay Δ / , where Δ is the phase difference between the two filters at k.f0 (which is known a ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This learning is believed to depend on the outcome of the performed actions in the ...
... motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This learning is believed to depend on the outcome of the performed actions in the ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... viewer-centered frames of reference. This provides evidence that the activity of a subpopulation of parietal neurons active in the construction task represented relative position as referenced to an object and not absolute position with respect to the viewer. ...
... viewer-centered frames of reference. This provides evidence that the activity of a subpopulation of parietal neurons active in the construction task represented relative position as referenced to an object and not absolute position with respect to the viewer. ...
The Use of Cross-Correlation Mapping in Identifying Backwards Projecting Connections between Visual Cortical Areas
... To this end, we will attempt to use CCM in conjunction with fMRI data to gain some insight on large-scale connectivity in the visual cortex. We obtained visual cortical fMRI data from the Gallant lab [6]. The Gallant lab generated the data by taking fMRI reading from humans viewing natural scenes. T ...
... To this end, we will attempt to use CCM in conjunction with fMRI data to gain some insight on large-scale connectivity in the visual cortex. We obtained visual cortical fMRI data from the Gallant lab [6]. The Gallant lab generated the data by taking fMRI reading from humans viewing natural scenes. T ...
Mirror Neuron System in Monkey: A Computational Modeling
... Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by ...
... Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... argued that the representation and inspection of inherently perceptual visual images typically experienced during thinking might not be as important as it has frequently been suggested. In contrast, many experimental findings from the contributor’s own laboratory and from other groups (I apologize t ...
... argued that the representation and inspection of inherently perceptual visual images typically experienced during thinking might not be as important as it has frequently been suggested. In contrast, many experimental findings from the contributor’s own laboratory and from other groups (I apologize t ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... cortical connectivity. Premotor and prefrontal areas form a highly connected core that receives predominantly feedforward inputs from extrastriate visual areas; these inputs are reciprocated with predominantly feedback inputs (left wing). The core areas deliver predominantly feedforward inputs to ot ...
... cortical connectivity. Premotor and prefrontal areas form a highly connected core that receives predominantly feedforward inputs from extrastriate visual areas; these inputs are reciprocated with predominantly feedback inputs (left wing). The core areas deliver predominantly feedforward inputs to ot ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... is only slightly reduced. The complexity of this detailed model, however, makes it difficult to analyze the underlying dynamics. Furthermore, including all relevant interactions at a similar detailed level for e.g. diffusion, synaptic activity, metabolism and cell damage, would result in a very comp ...
... is only slightly reduced. The complexity of this detailed model, however, makes it difficult to analyze the underlying dynamics. Furthermore, including all relevant interactions at a similar detailed level for e.g. diffusion, synaptic activity, metabolism and cell damage, would result in a very comp ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Reward and Aversion
... of the above components DA signals has just started. Furthermore, the field has begun to appreciate the huge degree of heterogeneity in the reward system in terms of functionality, cell composition, transmitter type, and neural connectivity. DA neurons are much more diverse than originally thought, ...
... of the above components DA signals has just started. Furthermore, the field has begun to appreciate the huge degree of heterogeneity in the reward system in terms of functionality, cell composition, transmitter type, and neural connectivity. DA neurons are much more diverse than originally thought, ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... barrels of a five-barreled pipette (39). The recording barrel was filled with 2% Pontamine sky blue dye in 0.5 M sodium acetate. Of the remaining barrels, one contained normal saline for balancing ejection currents. The rest of the barrels contained aqueous solutions of the NMDA receptor agonist NMD ...
... barrels of a five-barreled pipette (39). The recording barrel was filled with 2% Pontamine sky blue dye in 0.5 M sodium acetate. Of the remaining barrels, one contained normal saline for balancing ejection currents. The rest of the barrels contained aqueous solutions of the NMDA receptor agonist NMD ...
Neural constraints on learning
... to the activity of one neural unit. The activity of all neural units during a short time period is represented as a point in this space (Fig. 1b). At each time step, the neural activity (a green point in Fig. 1b) is mapped onto a control space (black line in Fig. 1b; two-dimensional plane in the act ...
... to the activity of one neural unit. The activity of all neural units during a short time period is represented as a point in this space (Fig. 1b). At each time step, the neural activity (a green point in Fig. 1b) is mapped onto a control space (black line in Fig. 1b; two-dimensional plane in the act ...