Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
The basal ganglia and cortex implement optimal decision making
... training the animals undergo before these experiments). These cortical connections are assumed to encode the stimulus-response mapping. However, even in simple, highly constrained laboratory tasks, there will be more than one possible response and so there is a problem of action selection in which t ...
... training the animals undergo before these experiments). These cortical connections are assumed to encode the stimulus-response mapping. However, even in simple, highly constrained laboratory tasks, there will be more than one possible response and so there is a problem of action selection in which t ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... from the pair shown in Figure 1. B, EPSP unitary amplitude histogram for this connection. White, noise; gray, sweeps including failures. C, AP-to-EPSP onset latency histogram. Note the narrow distribution (Gaussian fit with full width at half-maximum of 0.2 ms). D, Relationship between EPSP amplitud ...
... from the pair shown in Figure 1. B, EPSP unitary amplitude histogram for this connection. White, noise; gray, sweeps including failures. C, AP-to-EPSP onset latency histogram. Note the narrow distribution (Gaussian fit with full width at half-maximum of 0.2 ms). D, Relationship between EPSP amplitud ...
Human Brain Networks: Spiking Neuron Models
... have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” and produce a large voltage spike (the action potential) before returning to the resting potential [3,4]. The neurons of the brain are connected in a complex network in which the firing of one neuron can ...
... have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” and produce a large voltage spike (the action potential) before returning to the resting potential [3,4]. The neurons of the brain are connected in a complex network in which the firing of one neuron can ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... between rodents and carnivores or primates, but the basic circuitry underlying vision and the transmission of visual information from retina to thalamus to V1 is conserved. It is important at this point to draw a distinction between OD plasticity and OD column plasticity. OD columns reflect the segr ...
... between rodents and carnivores or primates, but the basic circuitry underlying vision and the transmission of visual information from retina to thalamus to V1 is conserved. It is important at this point to draw a distinction between OD plasticity and OD column plasticity. OD columns reflect the segr ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... understand the more we come to realise the magnitude of this undertaking. As there are billions of neurons separated by different classes with even more connections of differing types, a top down approach has to be taken. We can only begin to try to replicate processes once the architecture of the b ...
... understand the more we come to realise the magnitude of this undertaking. As there are billions of neurons separated by different classes with even more connections of differing types, a top down approach has to be taken. We can only begin to try to replicate processes once the architecture of the b ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... far. Contrary to current views3,5,7–9, this suggests that premotor activity in the frontal cortex does not have a role in the accumulation process, but instead has a more categorical function, such as transforming accumulated evidence into a discrete choice. To probe causally the role of FOF activit ...
... far. Contrary to current views3,5,7–9, this suggests that premotor activity in the frontal cortex does not have a role in the accumulation process, but instead has a more categorical function, such as transforming accumulated evidence into a discrete choice. To probe causally the role of FOF activit ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... variability in spike count seems to be a partially correlated background input from other parts of the cortical network (Gawne and Richmond, 1993; Arieli et al., 1996; Bair et al., 2001; Steriade et al., 2001; Destexhe et al., 2003; De Weese and Zador, 2004). Correlations in the background input cou ...
... variability in spike count seems to be a partially correlated background input from other parts of the cortical network (Gawne and Richmond, 1993; Arieli et al., 1996; Bair et al., 2001; Steriade et al., 2001; Destexhe et al., 2003; De Weese and Zador, 2004). Correlations in the background input cou ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... 1972b; Ogren and Hendrickson, 1979; Abramson and Chalupa, 1985; Guillery et al., 2001; Li et al., 2003b; Huppé-Gourgues et al., 2006). The idea that each thalamic nucleus is driven by a single primary input suggested that the function of higher order thalamic nuclei may be to transfer information fr ...
... 1972b; Ogren and Hendrickson, 1979; Abramson and Chalupa, 1985; Guillery et al., 2001; Li et al., 2003b; Huppé-Gourgues et al., 2006). The idea that each thalamic nucleus is driven by a single primary input suggested that the function of higher order thalamic nuclei may be to transfer information fr ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... What are the physiological changes that take place in the brain when we solve a problem or learn a new skill? It is commonly assumed that behavior adaptations are realized on the microscopic level by changes in synaptic efficacies. However, this is hard to verify experimentally due to the difficulti ...
... What are the physiological changes that take place in the brain when we solve a problem or learn a new skill? It is commonly assumed that behavior adaptations are realized on the microscopic level by changes in synaptic efficacies. However, this is hard to verify experimentally due to the difficulti ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... Aston-Jones, 1997; Jodo et al., 1998; Celada et al., 2001). As such, the PFC is able to regulate its own neuromodulatory input by driving or inhibiting subcortical centers. In addition to regulating its own neuromodulatory input, the PFC may also alter the output of neuromodulatory centers to other ...
... Aston-Jones, 1997; Jodo et al., 1998; Celada et al., 2001). As such, the PFC is able to regulate its own neuromodulatory input by driving or inhibiting subcortical centers. In addition to regulating its own neuromodulatory input, the PFC may also alter the output of neuromodulatory centers to other ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... the electrode track tended to have similar ERF properties, either inhibitory (S ⬍ 0) or facilitatory (S ⬎ 0). Second, the length of electrode track covering neurons of similar ERF properties appeared to be limited, with each electrode track encountering several groups of neurons that alternated betw ...
... the electrode track tended to have similar ERF properties, either inhibitory (S ⬍ 0) or facilitatory (S ⬎ 0). Second, the length of electrode track covering neurons of similar ERF properties appeared to be limited, with each electrode track encountering several groups of neurons that alternated betw ...
HTM Cortical Learning Algorithms
... Relation to previous documents Parts of HTM theory are described in the 2004 book On Intelligence, in white papers published by Numenta, and in peer reviewed papers written by Numenta employees. We don’t assume you’ve read any of this prior material, much of which has been incorporated and updated ...
... Relation to previous documents Parts of HTM theory are described in the 2004 book On Intelligence, in white papers published by Numenta, and in peer reviewed papers written by Numenta employees. We don’t assume you’ve read any of this prior material, much of which has been incorporated and updated ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... called “life form” rank identified in cross-cultural studies as having folkmotion-correction step—were also regressed out of the time series data biological significance (Berlin, 1992). Each individual species was chosen at this step. Fifth, time series data were z-normalized within each run. becaus ...
... called “life form” rank identified in cross-cultural studies as having folkmotion-correction step—were also regressed out of the time series data biological significance (Berlin, 1992). Each individual species was chosen at this step. Fifth, time series data were z-normalized within each run. becaus ...
1. Materials and Methods
... When we hear or see someone knocking on our door makes no difference – we intuitively realize that knocking on the door is the same thing whether heard or seen. Indeed, we also intuitively grasp that knocking is the same when we do it ourselves, and when other people do it. While these statements se ...
... When we hear or see someone knocking on our door makes no difference – we intuitively realize that knocking on the door is the same thing whether heard or seen. Indeed, we also intuitively grasp that knocking is the same when we do it ourselves, and when other people do it. While these statements se ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... tical circuit is greatly simplified if an individual neuron receives all of its connections essentially from a single source, as Gilbert and Wiesel for the most part assumed. But a feature of cortical neurons is that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise ...
... tical circuit is greatly simplified if an individual neuron receives all of its connections essentially from a single source, as Gilbert and Wiesel for the most part assumed. But a feature of cortical neurons is that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise ...
PDF preprint - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... called “form constants”: (1) tunnels and funnels, (2) spirals, (3) lattices, including honeycombs and triangles, and (4) cobwebs. In general the images do not move with the eyes. We interpret this to mean that they are generated in the brain. Here we present a theory of their origin in visual cortex ...
... called “form constants”: (1) tunnels and funnels, (2) spirals, (3) lattices, including honeycombs and triangles, and (4) cobwebs. In general the images do not move with the eyes. We interpret this to mean that they are generated in the brain. Here we present a theory of their origin in visual cortex ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... 1. Introduction In the visual brain incoming sensory information is first decomposed into elementary features in low-level areas and then transferred to high-level areas. There the features are grouped into coherent perceptual representations. Recent findings, however, have established that stimulus ...
... 1. Introduction In the visual brain incoming sensory information is first decomposed into elementary features in low-level areas and then transferred to high-level areas. There the features are grouped into coherent perceptual representations. Recent findings, however, have established that stimulus ...
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN
... An ANN is a compilation of minor individually interconnected processing units that has certain performance characteristics in common with biological neural networks. Information is passed through these processing units along interconnections. The incoming connection is associated with two values, an ...
... An ANN is a compilation of minor individually interconnected processing units that has certain performance characteristics in common with biological neural networks. Information is passed through these processing units along interconnections. The incoming connection is associated with two values, an ...
PDF
... of columns is of approximately same size in both cats and monkeys. The functional properties of neurons are similar within a column, but significantly differ between adjacent columns (Mountcastle, 1997). Seminal work by Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s and 1970s then triggered tremendous interest in s ...
... of columns is of approximately same size in both cats and monkeys. The functional properties of neurons are similar within a column, but significantly differ between adjacent columns (Mountcastle, 1997). Seminal work by Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s and 1970s then triggered tremendous interest in s ...
with task performance neural responses and determining their
... signals. While this diversity is thought to allow for flexible neural processing, it presents a challenge for understanding how neural responses relate to task performance and to neural computation. To address these challenges, we have developed a new method to parse the responses of individual neur ...
... signals. While this diversity is thought to allow for flexible neural processing, it presents a challenge for understanding how neural responses relate to task performance and to neural computation. To address these challenges, we have developed a new method to parse the responses of individual neur ...
Baseball Prediction Using Ensemble Learning by Arlo Lyle (Under
... In 1998, Baseball Prospectus debuted their first projection system called Vladimir, which they used until the 2003 introduction of PECOTA. Though little information was provided about how Vladimir worked, it utilized artificial neural networks with various statistical categories as well as age and s ...
... In 1998, Baseball Prospectus debuted their first projection system called Vladimir, which they used until the 2003 introduction of PECOTA. Though little information was provided about how Vladimir worked, it utilized artificial neural networks with various statistical categories as well as age and s ...
Mechanisms of Maximum Information Preservation in the Drosophila
... many of the neurons that contribute to information processing as possible. However, quantitative assessment of information processing in large neuronal populations is difficult and few studies have examined large neural populations engaged in sensory information processing [29]. Here, we utilized th ...
... many of the neurons that contribute to information processing as possible. However, quantitative assessment of information processing in large neuronal populations is difficult and few studies have examined large neural populations engaged in sensory information processing [29]. Here, we utilized th ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity for the raisin than for the apple (Figure 3; [15]). Such neurons appear to be sensitive to the reward that has the highest utility at a given moment for the animal. The ...
... block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity for the raisin than for the apple (Figure 3; [15]). Such neurons appear to be sensitive to the reward that has the highest utility at a given moment for the animal. The ...