leipzip08
... values to RGBA space, defined by colors and opacity (red, green, blue, alpha). Using volume visualization techniques, 2–dimensional projections on different planes can then be displayed. The opacity of voxels depends on cell tissue that the voxels represent. Therefore, distinguishing between differe ...
... values to RGBA space, defined by colors and opacity (red, green, blue, alpha). Using volume visualization techniques, 2–dimensional projections on different planes can then be displayed. The opacity of voxels depends on cell tissue that the voxels represent. Therefore, distinguishing between differe ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... selectively and jointly the saliency of all responses that contain episodes of synchronous spiking because synchronous EPSPs summate optimally in target cell populations. If temporal synchronization is exploited by the nervous system to select constellations of responses for further joint processing ...
... selectively and jointly the saliency of all responses that contain episodes of synchronous spiking because synchronous EPSPs summate optimally in target cell populations. If temporal synchronization is exploited by the nervous system to select constellations of responses for further joint processing ...
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN MARKET
... generally, predicting the effects of changes in marketing variables. Cluster analysis is a common tool for market segmentation. Conventional research usually employs the multivariate analysis procedures. Kuo et al., (2002a,b, 2006) compared three clustering methods and proposed that SOM performs be ...
... generally, predicting the effects of changes in marketing variables. Cluster analysis is a common tool for market segmentation. Conventional research usually employs the multivariate analysis procedures. Kuo et al., (2002a,b, 2006) compared three clustering methods and proposed that SOM performs be ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... constituting two different stages in the cortical processing of information coming from the LGN. This stems from the fact that, as mentioned above, the LGN projects mostly to VI and that V2 depends on Vl for its visual activation (Schiller and Malpeli, 1977). Here again, the situation in the macaque ...
... constituting two different stages in the cortical processing of information coming from the LGN. This stems from the fact that, as mentioned above, the LGN projects mostly to VI and that V2 depends on Vl for its visual activation (Schiller and Malpeli, 1977). Here again, the situation in the macaque ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... In Eq. 2, tspk denotes the spike times and the integral is taken over all experiment times. We optimized the GLM parameters (k, b, and h) to maximize the log-likelihood. The STRFs had 3 ms time resolution and 387.5 Hz frequency resolution. The analyses presented here focus on the STRF parameters, be ...
... In Eq. 2, tspk denotes the spike times and the integral is taken over all experiment times. We optimized the GLM parameters (k, b, and h) to maximize the log-likelihood. The STRFs had 3 ms time resolution and 387.5 Hz frequency resolution. The analyses presented here focus on the STRF parameters, be ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Hasselmo, Michael E., Christiane Linster, Madhvi Patil, Daveena Ma, and Milos Cekic. Noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission may influence cortical signal-to-noise ratio. J. Neurophysi ...
... Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Hasselmo, Michael E., Christiane Linster, Madhvi Patil, Daveena Ma, and Milos Cekic. Noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission may influence cortical signal-to-noise ratio. J. Neurophysi ...
discrete variational autoencoders
... Unsupervised learning of probabilistic models is a powerful technique, facilitating tasks such as denoising and inpainting, and regularizing supervised tasks such as classification (Hinton et al., 2006; Salakhutdinov & Hinton, 2009; Rasmus et al., 2015). Many datasets of practical interest are proje ...
... Unsupervised learning of probabilistic models is a powerful technique, facilitating tasks such as denoising and inpainting, and regularizing supervised tasks such as classification (Hinton et al., 2006; Salakhutdinov & Hinton, 2009; Rasmus et al., 2015). Many datasets of practical interest are proje ...
The Superior Olivary Nucleus and Its Influence on Nucleus
... NA, NL, and nucleus magnocellularis (NM). The reciprocal connections between the SON and NL are of particular interest because they constitute a feedback circuit for coincidence detection. In the present study, the chick SON was investigated. In vivo tracing studies show that the SON projects predom ...
... NA, NL, and nucleus magnocellularis (NM). The reciprocal connections between the SON and NL are of particular interest because they constitute a feedback circuit for coincidence detection. In the present study, the chick SON was investigated. In vivo tracing studies show that the SON projects predom ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... discipline of neuromorphic engineering recognizes and exploits such similarities, and maps the properties of neural computation onto silicon to implement new types of computing devices. Such a neuromorphic system can be designed to emulate the spike-based synaptic plasticity of a biological neural n ...
... discipline of neuromorphic engineering recognizes and exploits such similarities, and maps the properties of neural computation onto silicon to implement new types of computing devices. Such a neuromorphic system can be designed to emulate the spike-based synaptic plasticity of a biological neural n ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... (Barroso-Chinea et al., 2007). In the MGC, VGluT1 mRNA expression was confined to the MGv, whereas neurons expressing VGluT2 were widely distributed in all divisions. In consideration of all of these findings, then, it appears that VGluT2-ir is a general marker of the glutamatergic thalamocortical pro ...
... (Barroso-Chinea et al., 2007). In the MGC, VGluT1 mRNA expression was confined to the MGv, whereas neurons expressing VGluT2 were widely distributed in all divisions. In consideration of all of these findings, then, it appears that VGluT2-ir is a general marker of the glutamatergic thalamocortical pro ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... •Preganglionic axons to intra-abdominal structures go through paravertebral ganglia to prevetebral ganglia ...
... •Preganglionic axons to intra-abdominal structures go through paravertebral ganglia to prevetebral ganglia ...
Resonance Effect for Neural Spike Time Reliability
... the time-series variance normalized so that it ranges from zero to one R Å s 2X / s 2max ...
... the time-series variance normalized so that it ranges from zero to one R Å s 2X / s 2max ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
... hemispheres of four animals (P25–P36, both sexes) were analyzed. All the slices contained the center of D2 (n = 5) and either C2 (n = 3) or E2 (n = 2). Markers were manually placed in somata of neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in th ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... and the idea that different visual areas constitute highly specialized representations of visual information. MT has also proven to be a fertile culture dish—full of direction- and disparity-selective neurons— exploited by many labs to study the neural circuits underlying computations of motion and ...
... and the idea that different visual areas constitute highly specialized representations of visual information. MT has also proven to be a fertile culture dish—full of direction- and disparity-selective neurons— exploited by many labs to study the neural circuits underlying computations of motion and ...
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Mass Spectrometry
... Specific attention is paid to applications that demonstrate how important features of MS are now dependent on AI and ESs. The following topics are specifically covered: history, MS data systems, biological applications, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and optimization techniques. ...
... Specific attention is paid to applications that demonstrate how important features of MS are now dependent on AI and ESs. The following topics are specifically covered: history, MS data systems, biological applications, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and optimization techniques. ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... neurons that respond to saccade-like stimulus movement (e.g., Ballas and Hoffmann, 1985) and project to the lateralis posterior nucleus of the thalamus (Sudkamp and Schmidt, 1995); and saccade neurons that are slightly direction selective, activated during saccades, and project to the lateral genicu ...
... neurons that respond to saccade-like stimulus movement (e.g., Ballas and Hoffmann, 1985) and project to the lateralis posterior nucleus of the thalamus (Sudkamp and Schmidt, 1995); and saccade neurons that are slightly direction selective, activated during saccades, and project to the lateral genicu ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... and the idea that different visual areas constitute highly specialized representations of visual information. MT has also proven to be a fertile culture dish—full of direction- and disparity-selective neurons— exploited by many labs to study the neural circuits underlying computations of motion and ...
... and the idea that different visual areas constitute highly specialized representations of visual information. MT has also proven to be a fertile culture dish—full of direction- and disparity-selective neurons— exploited by many labs to study the neural circuits underlying computations of motion and ...
the koniocellular pathway in primate vision
... As recently as five years ago, only the K layers of bushbabies were well studied and well understood. In studies conducted by Casagrande and her colleagues, the aggregation of K cells into two wide layers was exploited to determine the connectional and physiological properties of these neurons (Casa ...
... As recently as five years ago, only the K layers of bushbabies were well studied and well understood. In studies conducted by Casagrande and her colleagues, the aggregation of K cells into two wide layers was exploited to determine the connectional and physiological properties of these neurons (Casa ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... They are relatively insensitive to simple stimulus features such as orientation and color. Instead, the vast majority possess large, centrally located receptive fields and encode complex stimulus features. These selectivities often appear somewhat arbitrary. An individual neuron might, for example, ...
... They are relatively insensitive to simple stimulus features such as orientation and color. Instead, the vast majority possess large, centrally located receptive fields and encode complex stimulus features. These selectivities often appear somewhat arbitrary. An individual neuron might, for example, ...
Guided Incremental Construction of Belief Networks
... a plausible subset. But if this subset is selected in advance, we cannot handle situations where implausible rules suddenly become plausible, for example, if the car contains unfamiliar belongings or small grey men with large eyes. Knowledge-based systems could be both more robust and generally appl ...
... a plausible subset. But if this subset is selected in advance, we cannot handle situations where implausible rules suddenly become plausible, for example, if the car contains unfamiliar belongings or small grey men with large eyes. Knowledge-based systems could be both more robust and generally appl ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... What is the place and value of sensory reports in the testing of physiological hypotheses? He formulated the argument that phenomenal terms and physiological terms are from different realms of discourse, and that, if terms from the two different realms were to be used together in a single sentence, ...
... What is the place and value of sensory reports in the testing of physiological hypotheses? He formulated the argument that phenomenal terms and physiological terms are from different realms of discourse, and that, if terms from the two different realms were to be used together in a single sentence, ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... cross-correlations. The neuron pair analyzed here crosscorrelated strongly (and negatively) only in the presence of nicotine (orange line) and citric acid (green line). Peaked cross correlations were not found for sucrose (black), NaCl (maroon) or quinine (dark blue). When cross-correlations are tak ...
... cross-correlations. The neuron pair analyzed here crosscorrelated strongly (and negatively) only in the presence of nicotine (orange line) and citric acid (green line). Peaked cross correlations were not found for sucrose (black), NaCl (maroon) or quinine (dark blue). When cross-correlations are tak ...
3 Implementation of Language Model Based on Mirror Neuron System
... Felix/Felix++ simulation tool. For more details refer to Knoblauch (2003, 2004) and to prototype 3. Originally, the C based simulation tool Felix has been developed by Thomas Wennekers at the University of Ulm (Wennekers 1999, 2004) as a universal simulation environment for physical and in particula ...
... Felix/Felix++ simulation tool. For more details refer to Knoblauch (2003, 2004) and to prototype 3. Originally, the C based simulation tool Felix has been developed by Thomas Wennekers at the University of Ulm (Wennekers 1999, 2004) as a universal simulation environment for physical and in particula ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... operators that specifically detect those regions. Irrespective of the method used for early feature detection, several fundamental computational principles have emerged from both experimental and modelling studies. First, different features contribute with different strengths to perceptual saliency5 ...
... operators that specifically detect those regions. Irrespective of the method used for early feature detection, several fundamental computational principles have emerged from both experimental and modelling studies. First, different features contribute with different strengths to perceptual saliency5 ...