PowerPoint 簡報
... Note that learning is an important capability for an intelligent system, but not necessary. It can be seen in the recent research, most intelligent systems have been equipped with the learning capability. ...
... Note that learning is an important capability for an intelligent system, but not necessary. It can be seen in the recent research, most intelligent systems have been equipped with the learning capability. ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... Fifty years of research have yielded powerful models for the responses of neurons in the mammalian early visual system. According to these models, neurons process the intensity values in visual images by performing simple arithmetic operations. Initial models proposed that these operations are weigh ...
... Fifty years of research have yielded powerful models for the responses of neurons in the mammalian early visual system. According to these models, neurons process the intensity values in visual images by performing simple arithmetic operations. Initial models proposed that these operations are weigh ...
Anatomy Review - Interactive Physiology
... • Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. •A chemical, called a neurotransmitter, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron. • Chemical synapses transmit signals more slowly than electrical synapses but the signal may be either excitato ...
... • Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. •A chemical, called a neurotransmitter, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron. • Chemical synapses transmit signals more slowly than electrical synapses but the signal may be either excitato ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... with a reduced morphology (Fig. 2a; Supplementary Fig. 1). It comprises one spiking somatic compartment and multiple dendritic compartments, which are electrically coupled to the soma but otherwise independent of each other. The somatic and dendritic compartments have no spatial extent themselves. T ...
... with a reduced morphology (Fig. 2a; Supplementary Fig. 1). It comprises one spiking somatic compartment and multiple dendritic compartments, which are electrically coupled to the soma but otherwise independent of each other. The somatic and dendritic compartments have no spatial extent themselves. T ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... ‘fast’, ‘far’ or ‘near’, are some of the simplest features that we can assign to a visual stimulus and are some of the basic attributes that we can perceive. But the transition from neural activity to perception is not simple and remains largely unknown. This process is not intractable, however, and ...
... ‘fast’, ‘far’ or ‘near’, are some of the simplest features that we can assign to a visual stimulus and are some of the basic attributes that we can perceive. But the transition from neural activity to perception is not simple and remains largely unknown. This process is not intractable, however, and ...
Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single
... principal component analysis can be used to gain insight into the relationship. Here we employ t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) (van der Maaten & Hinton, 2008) to project the high-dimensional space defined by pair-wise spike train distances into a low-dimensional representation th ...
... principal component analysis can be used to gain insight into the relationship. Here we employ t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) (van der Maaten & Hinton, 2008) to project the high-dimensional space defined by pair-wise spike train distances into a low-dimensional representation th ...
Pictures of pain: their contribution to the
... mirroring mechanisms in the forms of simulated embodiment and empathetic engagement that follow upon visual observation’, and ‘no form of esthetic appreciation . . . can be fully envisaged without considering mirror systems and their role in embodied and empathetic responses . . .’ (Gallese and Free ...
... mirroring mechanisms in the forms of simulated embodiment and empathetic engagement that follow upon visual observation’, and ‘no form of esthetic appreciation . . . can be fully envisaged without considering mirror systems and their role in embodied and empathetic responses . . .’ (Gallese and Free ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... Fig. 1. Time course of responses to two stimuli inside the receptive field. (a) The curves indicate the normalized instantaneous firing rate averaged across 64 cells from the middle-temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). The x-axis plots the time (in ms) from the onset of th ...
... Fig. 1. Time course of responses to two stimuli inside the receptive field. (a) The curves indicate the normalized instantaneous firing rate averaged across 64 cells from the middle-temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). The x-axis plots the time (in ms) from the onset of th ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... cooperativity factor which was used to fit the model with physiological data (see below), and was set to one for all the model simulations. D is bounded below at Dmin, which determines the maximum disinhibition and biophysically corresponds to the maximum number of synapses that are cannabinoid sensi ...
... cooperativity factor which was used to fit the model with physiological data (see below), and was set to one for all the model simulations. D is bounded below at Dmin, which determines the maximum disinhibition and biophysically corresponds to the maximum number of synapses that are cannabinoid sensi ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... quickly. Clearly, it is to our advantage to be either asleep or awake. A state that has some of the characteristics of both sleep and wakefulness would be quite problematic! Controlling the switch There is one problem with flip-flop switches however – they can be unstable. In fact, people with narco ...
... quickly. Clearly, it is to our advantage to be either asleep or awake. A state that has some of the characteristics of both sleep and wakefulness would be quite problematic! Controlling the switch There is one problem with flip-flop switches however – they can be unstable. In fact, people with narco ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... length, arranged in a 4 ⫻ 4 configuration. All GABAergic neurons, showing the waveforms and interspike interval distribution. E, Plot of firing rate versus spike width. Neurons arrays were attached to an Omnetics connector with wider action potentials are excluded (other). and fixed to the skull wit ...
... length, arranged in a 4 ⫻ 4 configuration. All GABAergic neurons, showing the waveforms and interspike interval distribution. E, Plot of firing rate versus spike width. Neurons arrays were attached to an Omnetics connector with wider action potentials are excluded (other). and fixed to the skull wit ...
Modeling Visual Cognition
... The visual system has a limited number of processing resources, which must be allocated optimally when we encode visual stimuli. In Kyllingsbæk, Valla, Vanrie, and Bundesen (2007), we manipulated the spatial separation between several stimulus letters in whole report while keeping the eccentricity o ...
... The visual system has a limited number of processing resources, which must be allocated optimally when we encode visual stimuli. In Kyllingsbæk, Valla, Vanrie, and Bundesen (2007), we manipulated the spatial separation between several stimulus letters in whole report while keeping the eccentricity o ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... Western Medical Supply). An adequate level of anesthesia was maintained with supplemental injections of ketamine when necessary. Body temperature was maintained with a heating pad. The skull was immobilized by placing the owl in a stereotaxic head holder such that the palatine ridge (the roof of the ...
... Western Medical Supply). An adequate level of anesthesia was maintained with supplemental injections of ketamine when necessary. Body temperature was maintained with a heating pad. The skull was immobilized by placing the owl in a stereotaxic head holder such that the palatine ridge (the roof of the ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... connections assumes a distinctly punctuate appearance with distance from the injection site. Typically, these patches measure 100-200 pm across and are fairly regularly spaced with a center-to-center spacing of 350-450 pm in squirrel monkeys and 500-600 pm in macaques. These measurements are slightl ...
... connections assumes a distinctly punctuate appearance with distance from the injection site. Typically, these patches measure 100-200 pm across and are fairly regularly spaced with a center-to-center spacing of 350-450 pm in squirrel monkeys and 500-600 pm in macaques. These measurements are slightl ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... trials for both monkeys and is consistent with a bottom-up (i.e. involuntary) bias. When the delay was increased to 650 ms, one monkey continued to show faster responses to the Invalid location whereas the other monkey showed faster responses to the Valid location, consistent with a top-down (i.e. v ...
... trials for both monkeys and is consistent with a bottom-up (i.e. involuntary) bias. When the delay was increased to 650 ms, one monkey continued to show faster responses to the Invalid location whereas the other monkey showed faster responses to the Valid location, consistent with a top-down (i.e. v ...
Maximum likelihood bounded tree-width Markov networks
... are allowed, with an exponential dependence on k. As alluded to earlier, there are two (not necessarily overlapping) reasons for limiting the concept class: regularization (i.e., avoiding a large concept class that might lead to overfitting) and tractability (i.e., ensuring that calculating with the ...
... are allowed, with an exponential dependence on k. As alluded to earlier, there are two (not necessarily overlapping) reasons for limiting the concept class: regularization (i.e., avoiding a large concept class that might lead to overfitting) and tractability (i.e., ensuring that calculating with the ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the reinforcing function of rewards during olfactory conditioning (Hammer 1993, 1997) is probably involved. Since Mauelshagen (1993) suggested that response modulations of the PE1-neuron may be due to altered input from presynaptic Kenyon cells, one may hypothesise that ...
... VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the reinforcing function of rewards during olfactory conditioning (Hammer 1993, 1997) is probably involved. Since Mauelshagen (1993) suggested that response modulations of the PE1-neuron may be due to altered input from presynaptic Kenyon cells, one may hypothesise that ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons of macaques have responses that provide information about objects or faces (Gross et al., 1972; Perrett et al., 1982; Rolls, 1992, 2000; Booth and Rolls, 1998; Rolls and Deco, 2002). The responses of these neurons are often relatively invariant with respect to t ...
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons of macaques have responses that provide information about objects or faces (Gross et al., 1972; Perrett et al., 1982; Rolls, 1992, 2000; Booth and Rolls, 1998; Rolls and Deco, 2002). The responses of these neurons are often relatively invariant with respect to t ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... µm of the striatal border) i.e., the lateral and rostral poles of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘lateral neurons’). The second group is located in the more medial and caudal aspects of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘medial neurons’). Neurons in both groups possess extensive local axonal arbori ...
... µm of the striatal border) i.e., the lateral and rostral poles of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘lateral neurons’). The second group is located in the more medial and caudal aspects of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘medial neurons’). Neurons in both groups possess extensive local axonal arbori ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... representation that is shared by the programming of a hand, eye or attention movement). However, so far, no study has sufficiently shown whether these reference frames are eye- or world-centred. Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; ...
... representation that is shared by the programming of a hand, eye or attention movement). However, so far, no study has sufficiently shown whether these reference frames are eye- or world-centred. Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... tonic eye-position-related activity during fixation. In addition, they showed a variety of transient changes in activity around the time of saccades, including relative suppression, enhancement, and pre-saccadic bursts for one saccade direction over another. We show that a hypothetical neuron that p ...
... tonic eye-position-related activity during fixation. In addition, they showed a variety of transient changes in activity around the time of saccades, including relative suppression, enhancement, and pre-saccadic bursts for one saccade direction over another. We show that a hypothetical neuron that p ...
Potts Networks – Latching – Correlated patterns
... • The robustness of a memory is inverse to how informative it is (Sf). • In addition, popular neurons affect negatively the general performance (decay of F(x)). • These results show how the current trend in category specific deficits (‘living’ weaker than ‘non living’) could emerge even in a purely ...
... • The robustness of a memory is inverse to how informative it is (Sf). • In addition, popular neurons affect negatively the general performance (decay of F(x)). • These results show how the current trend in category specific deficits (‘living’ weaker than ‘non living’) could emerge even in a purely ...
Hebbian Learning of Bayes Optimal Decisions
... and the Bayesian framework provides computational methods for dealing with it. Mathematical models for Bayesian decision making typically require datastructures that are hard to implement in neural networks. This article shows that even the simplest and experimentally best supported type of synaptic ...
... and the Bayesian framework provides computational methods for dealing with it. Mathematical models for Bayesian decision making typically require datastructures that are hard to implement in neural networks. This article shows that even the simplest and experimentally best supported type of synaptic ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... that circuits involving these pyramidal cells may be preferentially affected in schizophrenia (33). Third, from the perspective of regional brain analyses, the PFC has been shown to have subtle reductions in gray matter volume in a number of structural imaging studies of schizophrenia (25). The fail ...
... that circuits involving these pyramidal cells may be preferentially affected in schizophrenia (33). Third, from the perspective of regional brain analyses, the PFC has been shown to have subtle reductions in gray matter volume in a number of structural imaging studies of schizophrenia (25). The fail ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... One of the central ideas of modern genetics is that a particular gene contains the instructions to make a particular protein that has a specific function. One example is the system of genes for photoreceptor proteins. Recently, Nathans et aj30 have mapped the DNA sequences of the genes for the rod a ...
... One of the central ideas of modern genetics is that a particular gene contains the instructions to make a particular protein that has a specific function. One example is the system of genes for photoreceptor proteins. Recently, Nathans et aj30 have mapped the DNA sequences of the genes for the rod a ...