Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... been confirmed and extended using more selective and sensitive techniques. Thus, afferent inputs to the VTA from a large number of regions have been described, which include the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum (VP), lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, and brain stem r ...
... been confirmed and extended using more selective and sensitive techniques. Thus, afferent inputs to the VTA from a large number of regions have been described, which include the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum (VP), lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, and brain stem r ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
May 21, 04copy.doc
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
May 21, 04.doc
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... between individual nerve cells. Synapses can be modulated in their strength by a variety of different mechanisms. We have investigated a number of these mechanisms, ranging from homeostatic control of synaptic efficacy to morphological manifestations of synaptic strengthening or weakening, and the r ...
... between individual nerve cells. Synapses can be modulated in their strength by a variety of different mechanisms. We have investigated a number of these mechanisms, ranging from homeostatic control of synaptic efficacy to morphological manifestations of synaptic strengthening or weakening, and the r ...
attention - CMU Graphics
... focus, creating an enhanced representation at that location that is akin to a local increase in contrast ...
... focus, creating an enhanced representation at that location that is akin to a local increase in contrast ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... is prevented by infusion of APV into the visual cortex (KleinSchmidt et al., 1987). The effects of visual deprivation on development of the visual cortex are generally specific to the deprivation. Monocular deprivation leads to a decrease in the influence of the deprived eye without changes in orien ...
... is prevented by infusion of APV into the visual cortex (KleinSchmidt et al., 1987). The effects of visual deprivation on development of the visual cortex are generally specific to the deprivation. Monocular deprivation leads to a decrease in the influence of the deprived eye without changes in orien ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... the target rate everywhere (Supplementary Online Material, SOM). From this homogeneous state, a small potentiation of one excitatory weight leads to an increased firing rate of the output neuron at the location of the associated place field (highlighted red curve in Fig. 1e). To bring the output neu ...
... the target rate everywhere (Supplementary Online Material, SOM). From this homogeneous state, a small potentiation of one excitatory weight leads to an increased firing rate of the output neuron at the location of the associated place field (highlighted red curve in Fig. 1e). To bring the output neu ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... Neuronal interactions are an intricate part of cortical information processing generating internal representations of the environment beyond simple one-to-one mappings of the input parameter space. Here we examined functional ranges of interaction processes within ensembles of neurons in cat primary ...
... Neuronal interactions are an intricate part of cortical information processing generating internal representations of the environment beyond simple one-to-one mappings of the input parameter space. Here we examined functional ranges of interaction processes within ensembles of neurons in cat primary ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... removal of parameters that particular areas of cortex may be specialized for. An approach within the formal likelihood framework can eliminate nuisance parameters by profiling or integrating out parameters, and affords an analysis of the impact of parameter reduction on information. Under some condi ...
... removal of parameters that particular areas of cortex may be specialized for. An approach within the formal likelihood framework can eliminate nuisance parameters by profiling or integrating out parameters, and affords an analysis of the impact of parameter reduction on information. Under some condi ...
fluctuations in somatosensory responsiveness and baseline firing
... administered in the second group of experiments (N⫽30 neurons). In the third group, injection manipulations with the empty device on the rat’s head were simulated (N⫽24 neurons). The latter two groups did not statistically differ from each other in any parameter, which made it possible to combine th ...
... administered in the second group of experiments (N⫽30 neurons). In the third group, injection manipulations with the empty device on the rat’s head were simulated (N⫽24 neurons). The latter two groups did not statistically differ from each other in any parameter, which made it possible to combine th ...
How Spike Generation Mechanisms Determine the Neuronal
... Figure 1. A, B, f–I curves of the LIF, QIF, EIF, and WB neurons for a constant input current ( A) and a noisy input current ( B) (Gaussian white noise, ⫽ 5 mV). The parameters of the EIF model were chosen to match the f–I curve of the WB model. The parameters of the QIF model were chosen to match ...
... Figure 1. A, B, f–I curves of the LIF, QIF, EIF, and WB neurons for a constant input current ( A) and a noisy input current ( B) (Gaussian white noise, ⫽ 5 mV). The parameters of the EIF model were chosen to match the f–I curve of the WB model. The parameters of the QIF model were chosen to match ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... in the second layer have approximately the same tuning width than receptive fields in the recurrent model, and are ~3.5 times larger than first-layer RFs. Notice also that by choosing T = 0 and S0 = 0, neurons in the first layer never use the rectification mechanism in their input-output relationships. ...
... in the second layer have approximately the same tuning width than receptive fields in the recurrent model, and are ~3.5 times larger than first-layer RFs. Notice also that by choosing T = 0 and S0 = 0, neurons in the first layer never use the rectification mechanism in their input-output relationships. ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... a chief property of two-photon microscopy because it implies that the exact place of origin of fluorescence photons is well defined at each point in time. Consequently, photons multiply scattered on their way out of the tissue can still be correctly assigned to the respective volume element. This no ...
... a chief property of two-photon microscopy because it implies that the exact place of origin of fluorescence photons is well defined at each point in time. Consequently, photons multiply scattered on their way out of the tissue can still be correctly assigned to the respective volume element. This no ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... that audition provides a friendlier context for introducing the basic principles of sensation and perception. The chapters on addiction, motivation, emotion, and sex follow the introduction to neurophysiology; this was done to build student motivation before tackling sensation and perception. Perhap ...
... that audition provides a friendlier context for introducing the basic principles of sensation and perception. The chapters on addiction, motivation, emotion, and sex follow the introduction to neurophysiology; this was done to build student motivation before tackling sensation and perception. Perhap ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... to the top edge of a dark square, although the edge in the receptive field is the same. Note that the left and right displays in Figure 2A are indistinguishable over the entire region occupied by the two squares (dashed line in Figure 2B) and that information about the side of the figure can only co ...
... to the top edge of a dark square, although the edge in the receptive field is the same. Note that the left and right displays in Figure 2A are indistinguishable over the entire region occupied by the two squares (dashed line in Figure 2B) and that information about the side of the figure can only co ...
Genetic Generation of Connection Patterns for a Dynamic Artificial
... the extensive dendritic tree structure that is typical of most neurons. Neuron anatomy can be generalized as having three major parts with the following highly simplified functional descriptions: 1) a spatially extensive dendritic tree, which collects and processes the majority of afferent signals; ...
... the extensive dendritic tree structure that is typical of most neurons. Neuron anatomy can be generalized as having three major parts with the following highly simplified functional descriptions: 1) a spatially extensive dendritic tree, which collects and processes the majority of afferent signals; ...
Dynamical Properties of Neuronal Systems with
... the mean activity of these populations is described rather than the spiking of individual neurons. This coarse-graining procedure requires to average over the connectivity structure of the system. Therefore, studies using this approach have mainly focused on networks with a relatively simple connect ...
... the mean activity of these populations is described rather than the spiking of individual neurons. This coarse-graining procedure requires to average over the connectivity structure of the system. Therefore, studies using this approach have mainly focused on networks with a relatively simple connect ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... perceptual discrimination of visual motion, these might be two neurons in the middle temporal cortical area (MT), an area believed to be involved in the representation of visual motion. The response properties of these two neurons to stimuli are identical by construction, yet neuron B2 has no axon a ...
... perceptual discrimination of visual motion, these might be two neurons in the middle temporal cortical area (MT), an area believed to be involved in the representation of visual motion. The response properties of these two neurons to stimuli are identical by construction, yet neuron B2 has no axon a ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... premotor neurons in vivo demonstrate that under normal experimental conditions, action potentials in sympathetic premotor neurons invariably arise from depolarizing events with the characteristics of excitatory synaptic inputs (Lipski et al. 1996). The observation, in the rat, that blockade of excit ...
... premotor neurons in vivo demonstrate that under normal experimental conditions, action potentials in sympathetic premotor neurons invariably arise from depolarizing events with the characteristics of excitatory synaptic inputs (Lipski et al. 1996). The observation, in the rat, that blockade of excit ...
~ Pergamon
... extreme olfactory paleocortical areas have either a nuclear appearance (e.g., anterior olfactory nucleus) or are organized into three layers (e.g., prepiriform cortex). The second category included the agranular area PAll, and the third category included all dysgranular areas. Agranular and dysgranu ...
... extreme olfactory paleocortical areas have either a nuclear appearance (e.g., anterior olfactory nucleus) or are organized into three layers (e.g., prepiriform cortex). The second category included the agranular area PAll, and the third category included all dysgranular areas. Agranular and dysgranu ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... listened, patiently and with polite interest, and, when I was done, he said something I have been thinking about ever since: he said the moment I was able to explain, in one sentence, what my work was about, I would be ready to hand in my thesis. Over three years later, I am finally submitting my di ...
... listened, patiently and with polite interest, and, when I was done, he said something I have been thinking about ever since: he said the moment I was able to explain, in one sentence, what my work was about, I would be ready to hand in my thesis. Over three years later, I am finally submitting my di ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... for a network of neurons within the cortical column. Initially, I compare theoretical predictions with data from mouse neocortex because of their relatively high quality, leaving interspecies comparison to the section on Comparison with Experiment. One cubic millimeter of mouse neocortex contains N ...
... for a network of neurons within the cortical column. Initially, I compare theoretical predictions with data from mouse neocortex because of their relatively high quality, leaving interspecies comparison to the section on Comparison with Experiment. One cubic millimeter of mouse neocortex contains N ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... than when placed directly above deep layers of cortex. Traditional multiphoton imaging in certain thinner cortical areas in mice (e.g., mouse primary visual cortex [V1]) (Glickfeld et al., 2013) can reach layers 4 and 5, but this solution often requires high average laser power and/or sparse labelin ...
... than when placed directly above deep layers of cortex. Traditional multiphoton imaging in certain thinner cortical areas in mice (e.g., mouse primary visual cortex [V1]) (Glickfeld et al., 2013) can reach layers 4 and 5, but this solution often requires high average laser power and/or sparse labelin ...