Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in feature processing interfaces with its role in visual attention. This review captures our current knowledge of V4, larg ...
... and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in feature processing interfaces with its role in visual attention. This review captures our current knowledge of V4, larg ...
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... Aversive dopamine signals thus act on restricted domains within a compartmentalized memory system. RESULTS Drosophila’s ability to learn and remember has been extensively probed by training and analyzing groups of flies in the olfactory T maze (Quinn et al., 1974; Tully and Quinn, 1985). Though stat ...
... Aversive dopamine signals thus act on restricted domains within a compartmentalized memory system. RESULTS Drosophila’s ability to learn and remember has been extensively probed by training and analyzing groups of flies in the olfactory T maze (Quinn et al., 1974; Tully and Quinn, 1985). Though stat ...
Clinical Investigative Study Detectability of Neural Tracts and Nuclei
... exclusively from neural fibers, principally axons. There are many applications for neuroimaging methods based on diffusion anisotropy, known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), including 3DAC imaging, fiber tracking (ie, tractography), and fractional anisotropy imaging.17, 18 The main drawback of DTI ...
... exclusively from neural fibers, principally axons. There are many applications for neuroimaging methods based on diffusion anisotropy, known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), including 3DAC imaging, fiber tracking (ie, tractography), and fractional anisotropy imaging.17, 18 The main drawback of DTI ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... indicates that a unit is untuned, e.g., the dot-product values were not statistically significantly greater than 0. A value of 10, on the other hand, corresponds to a unit whose dot-product values were significantly greater than a threshold of 0.45. In this way, TF provides a direct indication of th ...
... indicates that a unit is untuned, e.g., the dot-product values were not statistically significantly greater than 0. A value of 10, on the other hand, corresponds to a unit whose dot-product values were significantly greater than a threshold of 0.45. In this way, TF provides a direct indication of th ...
Review The Neural Basis of Perceptual Learning
... orientation or the location of stimulus elements discussed above, the specificity of learning to more complex features requires a mechanism that is context dependent. This leads to the alternate possibilities that the learning involves higher order cortical areas that can encode more complex stimulu ...
... orientation or the location of stimulus elements discussed above, the specificity of learning to more complex features requires a mechanism that is context dependent. This leads to the alternate possibilities that the learning involves higher order cortical areas that can encode more complex stimulu ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules encoding spatial information about sensory events. In insects like grasshopper and Drosophila, 16 modules can be identified, which integrate sensory information that is processed in 8 PB units per hemispher ...
... that columnar projection neurons connect all CX substructures and are subdivided into modules encoding spatial information about sensory events. In insects like grasshopper and Drosophila, 16 modules can be identified, which integrate sensory information that is processed in 8 PB units per hemispher ...
Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... In this dissertation, we present an abstract model of infant reaching that is neurally-plausible. This model is grounded in embodied artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of the sensorimotor interaction of an agent and the world. It includes both learning sensorimotor correlations ...
... In this dissertation, we present an abstract model of infant reaching that is neurally-plausible. This model is grounded in embodied artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of the sensorimotor interaction of an agent and the world. It includes both learning sensorimotor correlations ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional significance of neuronal noise, the noise has to be related to the stimul ...
... immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional significance of neuronal noise, the noise has to be related to the stimul ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... as a single autoassociation network, it can allow arbitrary associations between inputs originating from very different parts of the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the temporal visual cortex about the presence of an object, and infor ...
... as a single autoassociation network, it can allow arbitrary associations between inputs originating from very different parts of the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the temporal visual cortex about the presence of an object, and infor ...
Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using
... Although vTwINS ensures that all neurons will have distinct “paired” spatial profiles in the projection image, the analysis problem of identifying which image regions correspond to pairs reflecting the activity of single neurons is ill-posed from single images. This difficulty can be solved by a demix ...
... Although vTwINS ensures that all neurons will have distinct “paired” spatial profiles in the projection image, the analysis problem of identifying which image regions correspond to pairs reflecting the activity of single neurons is ill-posed from single images. This difficulty can be solved by a demix ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... The intrinsic activity of the brain The first proposal that neurons are not passive relays being driven by external inputs dates back to the early 20th century with the Belgian electrophysiologist Frederic Bremer [16, 17]. He proposed that neurons generate intrinsic and self-sustained activity under ...
... The intrinsic activity of the brain The first proposal that neurons are not passive relays being driven by external inputs dates back to the early 20th century with the Belgian electrophysiologist Frederic Bremer [16, 17]. He proposed that neurons generate intrinsic and self-sustained activity under ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... all trials of dominant versus non-dominant cue presentation. As exit behavior is consistent across trials containing presentations of either cue, this approach allows us to use the nondominant response as a comparison for any modulation resulting from the animal's immediate behavior. Of 842 well-iso ...
... all trials of dominant versus non-dominant cue presentation. As exit behavior is consistent across trials containing presentations of either cue, this approach allows us to use the nondominant response as a comparison for any modulation resulting from the animal's immediate behavior. Of 842 well-iso ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... anatomical data, without any distortion by verbal description. Linking these levels requires computational models which are constructed at a neural level within the constraints of physiological and anatomical data. Ultimately, linking these levels will require not only that the models of information ...
... anatomical data, without any distortion by verbal description. Linking these levels requires computational models which are constructed at a neural level within the constraints of physiological and anatomical data. Ultimately, linking these levels will require not only that the models of information ...
Comprehensive imaging of cortical networks
... A variety of wave front shaping methods have been proposed to overcome sample-induced aberrations, such as spherical aberrations and astigmatism [60,61,62]. These methods can dramatically improve signal levels for small structures that are on the order of or smaller than the two-photon excitation v ...
... A variety of wave front shaping methods have been proposed to overcome sample-induced aberrations, such as spherical aberrations and astigmatism [60,61,62]. These methods can dramatically improve signal levels for small structures that are on the order of or smaller than the two-photon excitation v ...
Classification of jobs with risk of low back disorders by applying data
... patterns, rules, relationships, rare events, correlations, and deviations in data [9]. This process relies on well-established technologies, such as machine learning, pattern recognition, statistics, neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computing, database theory, artificial intelligence, and ...
... patterns, rules, relationships, rare events, correlations, and deviations in data [9]. This process relies on well-established technologies, such as machine learning, pattern recognition, statistics, neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computing, database theory, artificial intelligence, and ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... a high precision, which has been used to model auditory processing in the barn-owl (Gerstner et al. 1996). Sequence learning, an important task for an organism to establish directional association between events, can also be accomplished using the temporal asymmetry inherent in STDP (Blum and Abbott ...
... a high precision, which has been used to model auditory processing in the barn-owl (Gerstner et al. 1996). Sequence learning, an important task for an organism to establish directional association between events, can also be accomplished using the temporal asymmetry inherent in STDP (Blum and Abbott ...
Identification of Mechanoafferent Neurons in Terrestrial Snail
... were termed pleural ventrolateral (PlVL) neurons, mediated part of the withdrawal response of the animal via activation of the withdrawal interneurons. Between 15 and 30 pleural mechanosensory neurons were located on the ventrolateral side of each pleural ganglion. Intracellular injection of neurobi ...
... were termed pleural ventrolateral (PlVL) neurons, mediated part of the withdrawal response of the animal via activation of the withdrawal interneurons. Between 15 and 30 pleural mechanosensory neurons were located on the ventrolateral side of each pleural ganglion. Intracellular injection of neurobi ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... integrated by the visual system is constrained by the limitations of connections between neurons located in the different cortical areas of the visual system. In order to compute interactions between distant regions in the visual field, two sets of connections can be used: the local horizontal conne ...
... integrated by the visual system is constrained by the limitations of connections between neurons located in the different cortical areas of the visual system. In order to compute interactions between distant regions in the visual field, two sets of connections can be used: the local horizontal conne ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is trained by using data recorded from human movements. In the second experiment, ...
... object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is trained by using data recorded from human movements. In the second experiment, ...
Methods for reducing interference in the Complementary Learning
... and O’Reilly (2003) noted that the CPCA Hebbian learning rule used in that paper has a tendency to over-focus on prototypical features. When given a large set of correlated input patterns to memorize, the CPCA Hebbian algorithm is very good at learning what all of these patterns have in common, but ...
... and O’Reilly (2003) noted that the CPCA Hebbian learning rule used in that paper has a tendency to over-focus on prototypical features. When given a large set of correlated input patterns to memorize, the CPCA Hebbian algorithm is very good at learning what all of these patterns have in common, but ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... reason is that these effects may tell us something about the underlying cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. The most straight-forward models of the primary visual cortex involve feedforward connections to linear Gabor-like filters. This type of model cannot describe these surround supp ...
... reason is that these effects may tell us something about the underlying cortical microcircuitry of primary visual cortex. The most straight-forward models of the primary visual cortex involve feedforward connections to linear Gabor-like filters. This type of model cannot describe these surround supp ...