Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... layer of area 18. All recording sites were restricted to within 800 m of the surface of the cortex, above the depth where the high spontaneous activities and brisk ON-OFF responses associated with layer 4 were obtained (Gilbert 1977; Snodderly and Gur 1995). Neuronal signals were amplified (⫻10,000 ...
... layer of area 18. All recording sites were restricted to within 800 m of the surface of the cortex, above the depth where the high spontaneous activities and brisk ON-OFF responses associated with layer 4 were obtained (Gilbert 1977; Snodderly and Gur 1995). Neuronal signals were amplified (⫻10,000 ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
Review. Glial cells in neuronal network function
... The brain is an assembly of cells exquisitely organized in a highly refined structure. Its function in the animal organism is to be a processor of the information received from the environment through the sensory organs as well as from its own activity, and to elaborate different biological response ...
... The brain is an assembly of cells exquisitely organized in a highly refined structure. Its function in the animal organism is to be a processor of the information received from the environment through the sensory organs as well as from its own activity, and to elaborate different biological response ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction cue stimulus. Among 329 CD neurons that were related to memory-guided ...
... a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction cue stimulus. Among 329 CD neurons that were related to memory-guided ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... projection neurons in response to odours without otherwise altering their individual response patterns, even when these patterns include periods of reduced firing, as observed in locusts12. Our results establish picrotoxin as a selective pharmacological tool for testing the role of oscillatory synch ...
... projection neurons in response to odours without otherwise altering their individual response patterns, even when these patterns include periods of reduced firing, as observed in locusts12. Our results establish picrotoxin as a selective pharmacological tool for testing the role of oscillatory synch ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... mixtures at the AL output (Galizia and Kimmerle 2004; Krofczik et al. 2008; Yamagata et al. 2009). 3.2. Characteristic differences of lateral and median uniglomerular projection neurons Based on intracellular recording and staining of uniglomerular projection neurons, Müller et al. (2002) reported t ...
... mixtures at the AL output (Galizia and Kimmerle 2004; Krofczik et al. 2008; Yamagata et al. 2009). 3.2. Characteristic differences of lateral and median uniglomerular projection neurons Based on intracellular recording and staining of uniglomerular projection neurons, Müller et al. (2002) reported t ...
reciprocal inhibition in the motor nervous system of the nematode
... excitatory (DE) motoneurons and one type of ventral inhibitory (VI) motoneuron. Ultrastructural studies have revealed that the axons of the DE motoneurons make monosynaptic contacts with the dorsal processes of VI motoneurons. In this paper, we describe a physiological preparation with which to inve ...
... excitatory (DE) motoneurons and one type of ventral inhibitory (VI) motoneuron. Ultrastructural studies have revealed that the axons of the DE motoneurons make monosynaptic contacts with the dorsal processes of VI motoneurons. In this paper, we describe a physiological preparation with which to inve ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... likely involved in computations enabling detection of object motion (Olveczky, Baccus, & Meister, 2003). Similarly, starburst amacrine cells (so called because of their radiating dendrites), found in many mammalian species, provide a feedforward excitation onto ganglion cells that is selective for m ...
... likely involved in computations enabling detection of object motion (Olveczky, Baccus, & Meister, 2003). Similarly, starburst amacrine cells (so called because of their radiating dendrites), found in many mammalian species, provide a feedforward excitation onto ganglion cells that is selective for m ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... who called it “the rule of dynamic polarisation” [12, 13]. Dendrites are branches that usually extend from one extremity of the soma and are primarily devoted to receiving electrical signals from other neurons and transporting them to the soma. Dendritic trees show extreme diversity in their shape a ...
... who called it “the rule of dynamic polarisation” [12, 13]. Dendrites are branches that usually extend from one extremity of the soma and are primarily devoted to receiving electrical signals from other neurons and transporting them to the soma. Dendritic trees show extreme diversity in their shape a ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... Considerable progress made in neuro-morphic engineering is not yet developed enough to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Compa ...
... Considerable progress made in neuro-morphic engineering is not yet developed enough to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Compa ...
An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric
... experiments with moving animals, no in vivo validation was reported, and the probe shanks were still too bulky for applications that require concurrent optical targeting and electrophysiological monitoring of dense neural population regions such as the hippocampus. In the current application, we hav ...
... experiments with moving animals, no in vivo validation was reported, and the probe shanks were still too bulky for applications that require concurrent optical targeting and electrophysiological monitoring of dense neural population regions such as the hippocampus. In the current application, we hav ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... under inflammatory pain states. In tonic neurons, CFA and melittin inflammation treatments significantly decreased rheobase and AP durations (depolarization and repolarization), enhanced amplitudes of overshoot and afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and increased the number of action potential firings. In ...
... under inflammatory pain states. In tonic neurons, CFA and melittin inflammation treatments significantly decreased rheobase and AP durations (depolarization and repolarization), enhanced amplitudes of overshoot and afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and increased the number of action potential firings. In ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... This paper studies one of the fundamental puzzles in brain development: the massive synaptic pruning observed in mammals during childhood , removing more than half of the synapses until puberty (see [1] for review) . This phenomenon is observed in various areas of the brain both in animal studies an ...
... This paper studies one of the fundamental puzzles in brain development: the massive synaptic pruning observed in mammals during childhood , removing more than half of the synapses until puberty (see [1] for review) . This phenomenon is observed in various areas of the brain both in animal studies an ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... (Luo and Flanagan 2007) have also been reported, establishing the commonality of this design principle across numerous brain regions. In this cross-literature review, we extend this map metaphor to single neurons and submit our argument that several functional parameters that are known to possess or ...
... (Luo and Flanagan 2007) have also been reported, establishing the commonality of this design principle across numerous brain regions. In this cross-literature review, we extend this map metaphor to single neurons and submit our argument that several functional parameters that are known to possess or ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... 2001). Since theses rhythms share many properties with the bursting induced in spinal cultures by disinhibition, we will discuss this model more extensively later in this chapter. 1.1.5 CPGs in rodent spinal cord (rat and mouse) The isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat, introduced in 1987 by Kud ...
... 2001). Since theses rhythms share many properties with the bursting induced in spinal cultures by disinhibition, we will discuss this model more extensively later in this chapter. 1.1.5 CPGs in rodent spinal cord (rat and mouse) The isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat, introduced in 1987 by Kud ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... versus fosGFP– –60.59 ± 2.30 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.375; V thresh fosGFP+ – 36.98 ± 1.65 mV versus fosGFP– –35.10 ± 1.22 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.109). There were small but significant differences, however, in the kinetics of the Upstate, with fosGFP+ neurons showing a faster onset and larger charge t ...
... versus fosGFP– –60.59 ± 2.30 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.375; V thresh fosGFP+ – 36.98 ± 1.65 mV versus fosGFP– –35.10 ± 1.22 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.109). There were small but significant differences, however, in the kinetics of the Upstate, with fosGFP+ neurons showing a faster onset and larger charge t ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, Center for Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 # Co-first authors * Correspondence: [email protected] ...
... Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, Center for Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 # Co-first authors * Correspondence: [email protected] ...
A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis
... invariant spatial–temporal expression of ASH genes sets up the areas where neural progenitors/precursor groups form [17,18,57,58]. The positions of the neural progenitors/precursors are refined by a transcriptional feedback loop between the Notch signalling pathway and the ASH genes, which results i ...
... invariant spatial–temporal expression of ASH genes sets up the areas where neural progenitors/precursor groups form [17,18,57,58]. The positions of the neural progenitors/precursors are refined by a transcriptional feedback loop between the Notch signalling pathway and the ASH genes, which results i ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... simplified, minimalistic form that captures the essence of this spike-based computation, before we add biologically relevant parameters and quantify their effect on the network behavior (Chapter 2). Having understood the basic principles, we describe an implementation of the network in Very-Large-Sc ...
... simplified, minimalistic form that captures the essence of this spike-based computation, before we add biologically relevant parameters and quantify their effect on the network behavior (Chapter 2). Having understood the basic principles, we describe an implementation of the network in Very-Large-Sc ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... set appeared exactly once and, across runs, every object appeared in each condition the same number of times (each time in a different orientation). To maintain participants' attention, three additional (non-analyzed) trials with images of toy vehicles were included in each run, and participants pre ...
... set appeared exactly once and, across runs, every object appeared in each condition the same number of times (each time in a different orientation). To maintain participants' attention, three additional (non-analyzed) trials with images of toy vehicles were included in each run, and participants pre ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...