supplemental figures
... duration of attention (DA), an interval equaling DA before attention (BA), and the same interval after attention (AA) (one-way ANOVA: F(2,216) = 147.86, P = 3.51e-41). The DA period is divided into 3 equal, consecutive time windows (DA1, DA2 and DA3), and firing rate among the 3 time windows were co ...
... duration of attention (DA), an interval equaling DA before attention (BA), and the same interval after attention (AA) (one-way ANOVA: F(2,216) = 147.86, P = 3.51e-41). The DA period is divided into 3 equal, consecutive time windows (DA1, DA2 and DA3), and firing rate among the 3 time windows were co ...
Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model
... Individuation and enumeration of elements in a visual display depends on spatial processing. For instance, Trick and Pylyshyn (1994) showed that the ability to immediately extract numerosity from a visual display (i.e., subitizing) is hampered when the to-be-enumerated objects are presented concentr ...
... Individuation and enumeration of elements in a visual display depends on spatial processing. For instance, Trick and Pylyshyn (1994) showed that the ability to immediately extract numerosity from a visual display (i.e., subitizing) is hampered when the to-be-enumerated objects are presented concentr ...
Notch resolves mixed neural identities in the
... pathway thus provides a mechanism by which small differences in proneural gene expression between neighboring cells can be readily amplified, thus singling out one cell expressing a higher level of proneural genes from a pool of equivalent cells (Simpson, 1997). Once this selection has occurred, the ...
... pathway thus provides a mechanism by which small differences in proneural gene expression between neighboring cells can be readily amplified, thus singling out one cell expressing a higher level of proneural genes from a pool of equivalent cells (Simpson, 1997). Once this selection has occurred, the ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... The division of functional connectivity into feedforward and feedback components applies only to long-range connections. It has long been hypothesized that local functional connectivity is also abnormal in ASD, and in particular that it is increased in individuals with the disorder (Belmonte et al., ...
... The division of functional connectivity into feedforward and feedback components applies only to long-range connections. It has long been hypothesized that local functional connectivity is also abnormal in ASD, and in particular that it is increased in individuals with the disorder (Belmonte et al., ...
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?
... informants suggested that neurological status was not obviously abnormal. As shown in Table 2, the suspected or known causes of death of MA users were acute aortic dissection (n = 1), gunshot wounds to the chest (n = 2), severe coronary artery atherosclerosis with MA toxicity as a possible contribut ...
... informants suggested that neurological status was not obviously abnormal. As shown in Table 2, the suspected or known causes of death of MA users were acute aortic dissection (n = 1), gunshot wounds to the chest (n = 2), severe coronary artery atherosclerosis with MA toxicity as a possible contribut ...
Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... activated protein kinase (PRK) and the PRK-like ER kinase (PERK). A central role is played by the chaperone GRP 78 by the activation of stress genes, as indicated by the observations that the overexpression of GRP 78 protects cells from death associated with ER stress. The unfolded protein response ...
... activated protein kinase (PRK) and the PRK-like ER kinase (PERK). A central role is played by the chaperone GRP 78 by the activation of stress genes, as indicated by the observations that the overexpression of GRP 78 protects cells from death associated with ER stress. The unfolded protein response ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... (1999) further corroborate Jackson’s idea. Neural activity of motor cortex neurons was recorded during individuated finger movements made by monkeys; wrist muscle activity is inherent to this task. Most neurons were active during many or all of the movements performed. A cluster analysis of motor co ...
... (1999) further corroborate Jackson’s idea. Neural activity of motor cortex neurons was recorded during individuated finger movements made by monkeys; wrist muscle activity is inherent to this task. Most neurons were active during many or all of the movements performed. A cluster analysis of motor co ...
Chapter 2
... Because a module may contain neurons performing similar types of processing, the types of functional zones present in each subdivision will define the function of that subdivision and clarify the differences between it and others. A third aspect of neuronal organization is the definition of the neur ...
... Because a module may contain neurons performing similar types of processing, the types of functional zones present in each subdivision will define the function of that subdivision and clarify the differences between it and others. A third aspect of neuronal organization is the definition of the neur ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... Most studies on the mirror mechanism in humans have investigated transitive movements such as grasping. In a recent fMRI study in which volunteers were asked to observe video clips showing a hand transport movement without an effector–object interaction, activations were found in the dorsal premotor ...
... Most studies on the mirror mechanism in humans have investigated transitive movements such as grasping. In a recent fMRI study in which volunteers were asked to observe video clips showing a hand transport movement without an effector–object interaction, activations were found in the dorsal premotor ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... protocols were followed and whether the tissue was fixed with sodium periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde and stored in PBS or fixed and stored in formol-saline. Controls. The antiserum that we used was kindly provided by Dr. D. Eric M. Lawson of the University of Cambridge and has been reported to be ...
... protocols were followed and whether the tissue was fixed with sodium periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde and stored in PBS or fixed and stored in formol-saline. Controls. The antiserum that we used was kindly provided by Dr. D. Eric M. Lawson of the University of Cambridge and has been reported to be ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... The wasp subsequently lays one egg on the victim and when the larva hatches, it feeds on the paralyzed host. For example, wasps of the family of Pompilidae are the spider’s worst enemies. These wasps paralyzes a spider with multiple variable stings, then drag their victim to a prepared burrow and de ...
... The wasp subsequently lays one egg on the victim and when the larva hatches, it feeds on the paralyzed host. For example, wasps of the family of Pompilidae are the spider’s worst enemies. These wasps paralyzes a spider with multiple variable stings, then drag their victim to a prepared burrow and de ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computation of the 3D orientation of a relatively wide surface, based on d ...
... in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computation of the 3D orientation of a relatively wide surface, based on d ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
... Place the pink impulse card on the neuron and move it along the axon to the terminal branches. When the impulse reaches the terminal branches, the receiving neuron becomes a sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives ...
Ascorbic acid treatment, similarly to fluoxetine, reverses depressive
... The behavioral experiments were conducted using female Swiss mice (30e40 g), maintained at 20e22 C with free access to water and food, under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle, with lights on at 7:00 a.m. The animals were caged in groups of 15 in a 41 34 16 cm cage. All behavioral tests were carried o ...
... The behavioral experiments were conducted using female Swiss mice (30e40 g), maintained at 20e22 C with free access to water and food, under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle, with lights on at 7:00 a.m. The animals were caged in groups of 15 in a 41 34 16 cm cage. All behavioral tests were carried o ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... representation of meaning (Kintsch, 1988; JohnsonLaird, 1987). As these different forms of linguistic information have different rules and representations, they are generally acknowledged to be independent of one another. However, a fundamental question is whether this linguistic autonomy is paralle ...
... representation of meaning (Kintsch, 1988; JohnsonLaird, 1987). As these different forms of linguistic information have different rules and representations, they are generally acknowledged to be independent of one another. However, a fundamental question is whether this linguistic autonomy is paralle ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... between OPCs and axons, both in the hippocampus and the cerebellum12,13. These OPCs can receive input mediated by the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)14,15. The functional significance of these neuron-to-glia synapses is not known. Although a matter of speculation at presen ...
... between OPCs and axons, both in the hippocampus and the cerebellum12,13. These OPCs can receive input mediated by the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)14,15. The functional significance of these neuron-to-glia synapses is not known. Although a matter of speculation at presen ...
Encoding and decoding in fMRI
... cases of multi-voxel pattern analysis, which encompasses many unsupervised methods for analyzing distributed patterns of activity (Kriegeskorte and Bandettini, 2007; Kriegeskorte et al., 2008a,b). Encoding and decoding models are complementary (Kay and Gallant, 2009). However, the relationship betwe ...
... cases of multi-voxel pattern analysis, which encompasses many unsupervised methods for analyzing distributed patterns of activity (Kriegeskorte and Bandettini, 2007; Kriegeskorte et al., 2008a,b). Encoding and decoding models are complementary (Kay and Gallant, 2009). However, the relationship betwe ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... neurons by shuffling trial order led to improvements in the decoding accuracy of visual attention across the visual field (Tremblay et al., 2015). We investigated whether decorrelating the LFP signal would lead to similar beneficial effects. We applied the same shuffling procedure to the LFP signal ...
... neurons by shuffling trial order led to improvements in the decoding accuracy of visual attention across the visual field (Tremblay et al., 2015). We investigated whether decorrelating the LFP signal would lead to similar beneficial effects. We applied the same shuffling procedure to the LFP signal ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
Activity-dependent editing of neuromuscular synaptic connections
... that initially innervated the same target cell were equally maintained for a period of several days, and each added terminal branches during this time. These structural and functional observations suggested that multiple innervation is transiently maintained for a short period of time, during which ...
... that initially innervated the same target cell were equally maintained for a period of several days, and each added terminal branches during this time. These structural and functional observations suggested that multiple innervation is transiently maintained for a short period of time, during which ...
Complex Biological Systems: When are Simple
... chemical species at a given time. A simpler ODE model would be based on concentrations instead of actual counts. A Boolean model would distinguish only between “high” and “low” concentrations. Problem 3: Under what conditions can we trust that the simpler models will make mathematically equivalent p ...
... chemical species at a given time. A simpler ODE model would be based on concentrations instead of actual counts. A Boolean model would distinguish only between “high” and “low” concentrations. Problem 3: Under what conditions can we trust that the simpler models will make mathematically equivalent p ...
Evolving Robots Able to Visually Discriminate Between - laral
... function) set by the experimenter. Robots might also change during lifetime and therefore might adapt to their environment both phylogenetically and ontogenetically. There is a growing body of literature describing successful applications of evolutionary methods [1-3] to the development of mobile ro ...
... function) set by the experimenter. Robots might also change during lifetime and therefore might adapt to their environment both phylogenetically and ontogenetically. There is a growing body of literature describing successful applications of evolutionary methods [1-3] to the development of mobile ro ...
The Functional Neuroanatomy of the Placebo Effect Article Helen S. Mayberg, M.D.,
... and receptor-mediated second messengers and neurotrophic effects (62–64). Pharmacological studies have emphasized a bottom-up cascade; brainstem, limbic, and subcortical sites are generally viewed as the primary sites of drug action (65, 66), with secondary cortical changes seen as secondary effects ...
... and receptor-mediated second messengers and neurotrophic effects (62–64). Pharmacological studies have emphasized a bottom-up cascade; brainstem, limbic, and subcortical sites are generally viewed as the primary sites of drug action (65, 66), with secondary cortical changes seen as secondary effects ...
Structure of the Nervous System
... The medulla is the most caudal portion of brain and is rostral to the spinal cord The medulla contains part of the reticular formation The nuclei of the medulla control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone ...
... The medulla is the most caudal portion of brain and is rostral to the spinal cord The medulla contains part of the reticular formation The nuclei of the medulla control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone ...