Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... Describe the resulting membrane potential when a particular post-synaptic site on a neuron is affected by a group of end bulbs in the following way (assume it started at resting): [ 2 (5 IPSP's) ] + 35 EPSP's: a. hyperpolarized b. supra-threshold depolarization c. sub-threshold depolarization d. exa ...
... Describe the resulting membrane potential when a particular post-synaptic site on a neuron is affected by a group of end bulbs in the following way (assume it started at resting): [ 2 (5 IPSP's) ] + 35 EPSP's: a. hyperpolarized b. supra-threshold depolarization c. sub-threshold depolarization d. exa ...
13 Nervous System
... communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual association area occurs in the occipital lobe, and an auditory association area occurs in the temporal lobe. In the ...
... communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual association area occurs in the occipital lobe, and an auditory association area occurs in the temporal lobe. In the ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... tip with epoxylite varnish. Adjacent perimetric electrodes had a 1 mm tip separation, and each was 1 mm from the central electrode. A switching device allowed activation of the central, and any one of the peripheral, electrodes, with either of the pair serving as cathode. All electrodes of the array ...
... tip with epoxylite varnish. Adjacent perimetric electrodes had a 1 mm tip separation, and each was 1 mm from the central electrode. A switching device allowed activation of the central, and any one of the peripheral, electrodes, with either of the pair serving as cathode. All electrodes of the array ...
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia
... significantly lower GAD activity in the sensory association, calcarine fissure and insular cortex in the schizophrenic group compared with controls but not in many other cortical and subcortical regions (McGeer and McGeer, 1977). The second divergent study found significantly lower GAD activity in p ...
... significantly lower GAD activity in the sensory association, calcarine fissure and insular cortex in the schizophrenic group compared with controls but not in many other cortical and subcortical regions (McGeer and McGeer, 1977). The second divergent study found significantly lower GAD activity in p ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... minutes, but Philip Whiting got so interested in what he was describing that the sessions often went on for an hour and a half, or even two or three hours. He was very keen that we should realize that neurology was not based on books but on histological specimens and would set up lots of microscope ...
... minutes, but Philip Whiting got so interested in what he was describing that the sessions often went on for an hour and a half, or even two or three hours. He was very keen that we should realize that neurology was not based on books but on histological specimens and would set up lots of microscope ...
Dopamine D, Receptors in the Rat Brain
... Figure 2. Distribution of dopamine D, receptors, as labeled with 3H-205-502, in coronal sections of the rat brain. A-K, Photographs from autoradiograms obtained by incubating rat coronal sections with ‘H-205-502 as described in the text. Dark areus indicate relevant levels of binding. The photograph ...
... Figure 2. Distribution of dopamine D, receptors, as labeled with 3H-205-502, in coronal sections of the rat brain. A-K, Photographs from autoradiograms obtained by incubating rat coronal sections with ‘H-205-502 as described in the text. Dark areus indicate relevant levels of binding. The photograph ...
animal_responses_to_the_environment
... Nerve impulses are conducted from the cell body along a single axon to the terminal branches. Ends of terminal branches do not touch the dendrites of the neurons in the spinal cord because of a gap. Ends of terminal branches of axons contain neurotransmitters which are released into the synapse when ...
... Nerve impulses are conducted from the cell body along a single axon to the terminal branches. Ends of terminal branches do not touch the dendrites of the neurons in the spinal cord because of a gap. Ends of terminal branches of axons contain neurotransmitters which are released into the synapse when ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
Paraneoplastic Antigen-Like 5 Gene (PNMA5) Is
... and washing were carried out as described above, except that both DIG- and fluorescein-labeled probes were used for the hybridization. After blocking in 1% blocking buffer (Roche Diagnostics) for 1 h, the probes were detected in 2 different ways. For the detection of fluorescein probes, the sections w ...
... and washing were carried out as described above, except that both DIG- and fluorescein-labeled probes were used for the hybridization. After blocking in 1% blocking buffer (Roche Diagnostics) for 1 h, the probes were detected in 2 different ways. For the detection of fluorescein probes, the sections w ...
pdf
... Background: Tinnitus is an auditory sensation characterized by the perception of sound or noise in the absence of any external sound source. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory sy ...
... Background: Tinnitus is an auditory sensation characterized by the perception of sound or noise in the absence of any external sound source. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory sy ...
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
... to possess a domain-general capacity for sophisticated abstract reasoning, and it would be surprising as well if this capacity played no role in human moral judgment. Thus, we sought evidence in support of the hypothesis that moral judgment in response to violations familiar to our primate ancestors ...
... to possess a domain-general capacity for sophisticated abstract reasoning, and it would be surprising as well if this capacity played no role in human moral judgment. Thus, we sought evidence in support of the hypothesis that moral judgment in response to violations familiar to our primate ancestors ...
USF Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory
... equipment used to measure cellular function in real time via electrophysiology, polarography, fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy during experimental perturbations of barometric pressure and gas partial pressures. The mission of the USF-HBRL is to identify the molecular and cellular ...
... equipment used to measure cellular function in real time via electrophysiology, polarography, fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy during experimental perturbations of barometric pressure and gas partial pressures. The mission of the USF-HBRL is to identify the molecular and cellular ...
Lineage origins of GABAergic versus glutamatergic neurons in the
... within these two progenitor lineages. Some of this diversity is apparently established at the level of postmitotic neurons [1]. For example, the transcription factors Fezf2, Ctip2, Tbr1 and Satb2 show layer specific expression in differentiated cortical neurons. Fezf2 is expressed at high levels in ...
... within these two progenitor lineages. Some of this diversity is apparently established at the level of postmitotic neurons [1]. For example, the transcription factors Fezf2, Ctip2, Tbr1 and Satb2 show layer specific expression in differentiated cortical neurons. Fezf2 is expressed at high levels in ...
Endocrine and nervous systems
... No, because the sensations received separately by the left and right cerebral hemispheres from the right and left hands are integrated before hey are interpreted into language Yes, because the sensations from the right and left hands are carried to the left and right cerebral hemispheres respectivel ...
... No, because the sensations received separately by the left and right cerebral hemispheres from the right and left hands are integrated before hey are interpreted into language Yes, because the sensations from the right and left hands are carried to the left and right cerebral hemispheres respectivel ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... onset of the plateau (latency, s) was defined as the time interval between the onset of the bicuculline application and the moment at which mean discharge value exceeded mean baseline activity by two standard deviations. The recovery time was defined as the time-interval between the offset of the ej ...
... onset of the plateau (latency, s) was defined as the time interval between the onset of the bicuculline application and the moment at which mean discharge value exceeded mean baseline activity by two standard deviations. The recovery time was defined as the time-interval between the offset of the ej ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... region, the first challenge in examining the neurophysiology of DA systems is to ensure that the neurons recorded are indeed DAergic in nature. The first ...
... region, the first challenge in examining the neurophysiology of DA systems is to ensure that the neurons recorded are indeed DAergic in nature. The first ...
How Do Neurons Convey Information?
... Many other researchers have used Galvani’s technique of electrically stimulating the nervous system to produce muscle contraction. This technique requires an electrical stimulator, which is a device like a battery that can deliver an electrical current. Figure 4-2A illustrates an electrical stimulat ...
... Many other researchers have used Galvani’s technique of electrically stimulating the nervous system to produce muscle contraction. This technique requires an electrical stimulator, which is a device like a battery that can deliver an electrical current. Figure 4-2A illustrates an electrical stimulat ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... upregulation of some growth-associated genes by Purkinje cells (Zagrebelsky et al., 1998). The molecule recognized by IN-1, named Nogo, is a member of the reticulon family of membrane-associated molecules (Chen et al., 2000; GrandPre et al., 2000; Prinjha et al., 2000). Three different transcripts ( ...
... upregulation of some growth-associated genes by Purkinje cells (Zagrebelsky et al., 1998). The molecule recognized by IN-1, named Nogo, is a member of the reticulon family of membrane-associated molecules (Chen et al., 2000; GrandPre et al., 2000; Prinjha et al., 2000). Three different transcripts ( ...
Energy balance
... Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine ...
... Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... horizontal disparity was presented in a central region a stereofigure was perceived (‘Figure’) either in front or behind the surrounding field of dots (‘Background’). Uncorrelated stereograms were similar but instead of horizontally shifting a small region of the random dot field (‘Figure’), all dot ...
... horizontal disparity was presented in a central region a stereofigure was perceived (‘Figure’) either in front or behind the surrounding field of dots (‘Background’). Uncorrelated stereograms were similar but instead of horizontally shifting a small region of the random dot field (‘Figure’), all dot ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... from the balance outside the cell. This uneven distribution of ions creates an electrical potential across the cell membrane. This is called the resting membrane potential. In humans, the resting membrane potential ranges from –40 millivolts (mV) to –80 mV, with –65 mV as an average resting membrane ...
... from the balance outside the cell. This uneven distribution of ions creates an electrical potential across the cell membrane. This is called the resting membrane potential. In humans, the resting membrane potential ranges from –40 millivolts (mV) to –80 mV, with –65 mV as an average resting membrane ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... to errors that arise when actioneoutcome expectations are not met, and where actioneoutcome rather than stimulusereinforcer representations need to be corrected ...
... to errors that arise when actioneoutcome expectations are not met, and where actioneoutcome rather than stimulusereinforcer representations need to be corrected ...
Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor
... consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field p ...
... consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field p ...
Visual Responses of Pulvinar and Collicular Neurons During Eye
... stimulus movement during periods of fixation with those to motion caused by saccadic or pursuit eye movements. Neurons in the inferior pulvinar (PI), lateral pulvinar (PL), and superior colliculus were tested. 2. Cells in PI and PL respond to stimulus movement over a wide range of speeds. Some of th ...
... stimulus movement during periods of fixation with those to motion caused by saccadic or pursuit eye movements. Neurons in the inferior pulvinar (PI), lateral pulvinar (PL), and superior colliculus were tested. 2. Cells in PI and PL respond to stimulus movement over a wide range of speeds. Some of th ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... that the vigorous neural stimulation arising from the brainstem during active sleep substitutes for the lack of waking stimulation. Specifically, they suggested that this sleep-related stimulation assists in a variety of developmental processes, including “neuronal differentiation, maturation, and m ...
... that the vigorous neural stimulation arising from the brainstem during active sleep substitutes for the lack of waking stimulation. Specifically, they suggested that this sleep-related stimulation assists in a variety of developmental processes, including “neuronal differentiation, maturation, and m ...