Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
Organization of acetylcholine-containing structures in the cranial
... and Shimizu, 1998). Our experiment revealed internuclear differences between the ChAT-positive bouton-like structures and motoneurons of the particular motor nuclei of the porcine rhombencephalon. Based on these differences the nuclei might be classified into two main groups. The first group of nucl ...
... and Shimizu, 1998). Our experiment revealed internuclear differences between the ChAT-positive bouton-like structures and motoneurons of the particular motor nuclei of the porcine rhombencephalon. Based on these differences the nuclei might be classified into two main groups. The first group of nucl ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... state or prospective rating in the stimulus-dependent crosscorrelations between the voxels, i.e., in the higher-order statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another ...
... state or prospective rating in the stimulus-dependent crosscorrelations between the voxels, i.e., in the higher-order statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... in Fan et al. (1996)). Sim1 is expressed in the developing hypothalamus, including cells of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), anterior periventricular nucleus (aPV), and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Genetic analysis of Sim1 homozygous mutant mice revealed an absence of the PVN, aPV, and SON and implic ...
... in Fan et al. (1996)). Sim1 is expressed in the developing hypothalamus, including cells of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), anterior periventricular nucleus (aPV), and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Genetic analysis of Sim1 homozygous mutant mice revealed an absence of the PVN, aPV, and SON and implic ...
A Cognitive Computation Fallacy?
... ... and hence that computationalism—the idea that the essence of thinking lies in computational processes and that such processes thereby underlie and explain conscious thinking—is false [38]. In the CRA Searle emphasises the distinction between syntax and semantics to argue that while computers can ...
... ... and hence that computationalism—the idea that the essence of thinking lies in computational processes and that such processes thereby underlie and explain conscious thinking—is false [38]. In the CRA Searle emphasises the distinction between syntax and semantics to argue that while computers can ...
Dysregulating Factors
... It has been proposed that impairments of motor coordination following hypoxia might be the result of altered function of Purkinje neurons [16169666] (see Brain and Motor/Sensory). Perinatal anoxia has been observed to have negative effect on development and functioning of auditory systems, also clos ...
... It has been proposed that impairments of motor coordination following hypoxia might be the result of altered function of Purkinje neurons [16169666] (see Brain and Motor/Sensory). Perinatal anoxia has been observed to have negative effect on development and functioning of auditory systems, also clos ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... physical pain is aroused, comparable to immobilization or the foot shocks used in other experiments, NGF concentration in the central cholinergic system, e.g., in the hippocampus, seems to be reduced [36]. In our experiment, we observed a significant reduction of NGF content in amygdala and frontal ...
... physical pain is aroused, comparable to immobilization or the foot shocks used in other experiments, NGF concentration in the central cholinergic system, e.g., in the hippocampus, seems to be reduced [36]. In our experiment, we observed a significant reduction of NGF content in amygdala and frontal ...
Glial heterogeneity: the increasing complexity of the brain
... most frequently asked questions. By and large, the human brain consists of approximately 160 billion cells that mainly represent two types, classified as neurons and glia, each contributing about 50 % to the total cell number. Modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging ( ...
... most frequently asked questions. By and large, the human brain consists of approximately 160 billion cells that mainly represent two types, classified as neurons and glia, each contributing about 50 % to the total cell number. Modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging ( ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
Promega Notes: Primer Pairs for Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Analysis
... nonspecific amplification products. Complementary DNA was generated by reverse transcribing rat brain total RNA using Promega's Reverse Transcription System (Cat.# A3500). PCR products generated by using the Primer Pair for betaactin (285bp) in lanes 1 and 3, and BDNF (296bp) in lanes 2 and 4, were ...
... nonspecific amplification products. Complementary DNA was generated by reverse transcribing rat brain total RNA using Promega's Reverse Transcription System (Cat.# A3500). PCR products generated by using the Primer Pair for betaactin (285bp) in lanes 1 and 3, and BDNF (296bp) in lanes 2 and 4, were ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebellar learning. In contrast to previous theories of amygdala– cerebellum interactions, the sensory gating hypothesis posits that the gating mechanism continues to be necessary for retrieval of cerebellar memory after learning is well established. ...
... attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebellar learning. In contrast to previous theories of amygdala– cerebellum interactions, the sensory gating hypothesis posits that the gating mechanism continues to be necessary for retrieval of cerebellar memory after learning is well established. ...
Copyrighted Material
... the selectivity of certain toxicants in injuring only certain cell types; and important differences in basic metabolic requirements of different subpopulations of neurons have been inferred from the effects of toxicants. It is estimated that millions of people worldwide are exposed to known neurotox ...
... the selectivity of certain toxicants in injuring only certain cell types; and important differences in basic metabolic requirements of different subpopulations of neurons have been inferred from the effects of toxicants. It is estimated that millions of people worldwide are exposed to known neurotox ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
HIERARCHICAL MODELS OF VARIANCE SOURCES Harri Valpola
... report experiments with artificial data which demonstrate the ability of learning algorithm to find the underlying explanations—variance sources—for the variance in the data. Experiments with MEG data verify that variance sources are present in real-world signals. 1. INTRODUCTION Most unsupervised l ...
... report experiments with artificial data which demonstrate the ability of learning algorithm to find the underlying explanations—variance sources—for the variance in the data. Experiments with MEG data verify that variance sources are present in real-world signals. 1. INTRODUCTION Most unsupervised l ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... neurons that received input from SC, sent output to MT, or did both (relay neurons), and found that they were centered in the inferior pulvinar (PI), particularly within and adjacent to the medial subdivision (PIm) known to project densely to MT (see Fig. 1). In this report, we determine what this p ...
... neurons that received input from SC, sent output to MT, or did both (relay neurons), and found that they were centered in the inferior pulvinar (PI), particularly within and adjacent to the medial subdivision (PIm) known to project densely to MT (see Fig. 1). In this report, we determine what this p ...
... of Konorski’s proposal (Konorski, 1968) by integrating these two systems into a biologically grounded computational model. As an additional benchmark we apply this model to control the behavior of an autonomous robot in an obstacle avoidance task (Inderbitzin et al., 2010b). In the last study we con ...
A Comparison of Spiking Statistics in Motion Sensing Neurones of
... scaled so that the quasi-Poisson curve spans the abscissa; this change in scale reflects the larger spike counts obtained in larger time windows. The right endpoint of the quasi-Poisson curve represents the (estimated) maximum spike count for that time window given the refractory period of the neuro ...
... scaled so that the quasi-Poisson curve spans the abscissa; this change in scale reflects the larger spike counts obtained in larger time windows. The right endpoint of the quasi-Poisson curve represents the (estimated) maximum spike count for that time window given the refractory period of the neuro ...
Low Quality
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
3 Implementation of Language Model Based on Mirror Neuron System
... 2 and 6), and the simulation environment and the simulation components are declared. For the sake of flexibility it is recommended to declare the simulation environment and the components as pointer variables which are allocated in the main_init() method (see part 3). For example, if the simulation ...
... 2 and 6), and the simulation environment and the simulation components are declared. For the sake of flexibility it is recommended to declare the simulation environment and the components as pointer variables which are allocated in the main_init() method (see part 3). For example, if the simulation ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... can drive responses. In the cat, where LGN input to layer 6 may differ in density compared with the primate, physiological studies report that all layer 6 neurons, including corticogeniculate neurons, receive subthreshold geniculocortical input that rarely drives suprathreshold spikes (Ferster and L ...
... can drive responses. In the cat, where LGN input to layer 6 may differ in density compared with the primate, physiological studies report that all layer 6 neurons, including corticogeniculate neurons, receive subthreshold geniculocortical input that rarely drives suprathreshold spikes (Ferster and L ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... tip with epoxylite varnish. Adjacent perimetric electrodes had a 1 mm tip separation, and each was 1 mm from the central electrode. A switching device allowed activation of the central, and any one of the peripheral, electrodes, with either of the pair serving as cathode. All electrodes of the array ...
... tip with epoxylite varnish. Adjacent perimetric electrodes had a 1 mm tip separation, and each was 1 mm from the central electrode. A switching device allowed activation of the central, and any one of the peripheral, electrodes, with either of the pair serving as cathode. All electrodes of the array ...
PowerPoint Presentation - University of South Alabama
... • Experimental Ablation • Evaluating the behavioral effects of brain damage ...
... • Experimental Ablation • Evaluating the behavioral effects of brain damage ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... detection and ingestion; only very little is known in other behavioral contexts, such as predator avoidance, orientation in the habitat, interactions with symbiotic partners, or intraspecific communication by pheromones. From recent behavioral and neuroanatomical studies, two important concepts abou ...
... detection and ingestion; only very little is known in other behavioral contexts, such as predator avoidance, orientation in the habitat, interactions with symbiotic partners, or intraspecific communication by pheromones. From recent behavioral and neuroanatomical studies, two important concepts abou ...
Activity of Krebs cycle enzymes in mdx mice - Genoma
... changes reported in energy metabolism7 and oxidative stress6 in the brain previously found by our research group. DMD is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. At the cellular level, the loss of dystrophin initiates a complex series of pathophysiological changes that drive skeleta ...
... changes reported in energy metabolism7 and oxidative stress6 in the brain previously found by our research group. DMD is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. At the cellular level, the loss of dystrophin initiates a complex series of pathophysiological changes that drive skeleta ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... Describe the resulting membrane potential when a particular post-synaptic site on a neuron is affected by a group of end bulbs in the following way (assume it started at resting): [ 2 (5 IPSP's) ] + 35 EPSP's: a. hyperpolarized b. supra-threshold depolarization c. sub-threshold depolarization d. exa ...
... Describe the resulting membrane potential when a particular post-synaptic site on a neuron is affected by a group of end bulbs in the following way (assume it started at resting): [ 2 (5 IPSP's) ] + 35 EPSP's: a. hyperpolarized b. supra-threshold depolarization c. sub-threshold depolarization d. exa ...