Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... behavioral experiments have demonstrated that both the auditory thalamus and the area surrounding including the AAr are involved in auditory orienting behavior2. These behaviors are mediated, in part, by efferent projections of this area to midbrain and brain stem structures that are known to be inv ...
... behavioral experiments have demonstrated that both the auditory thalamus and the area surrounding including the AAr are involved in auditory orienting behavior2. These behaviors are mediated, in part, by efferent projections of this area to midbrain and brain stem structures that are known to be inv ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the right as a function of the EV on the right (mean ± standard error of mean across all the subjects for the last 10 trials in a set). The EV for a left choice was 9 pence, ...
... responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the right as a function of the EV on the right (mean ± standard error of mean across all the subjects for the last 10 trials in a set). The EV for a left choice was 9 pence, ...
Axon
... • Axon collaterals or branches • Axon terminal • End of axon adjacent to synapse • Synapse where neuron communicates with another cell • Presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell on either side ...
... • Axon collaterals or branches • Axon terminal • End of axon adjacent to synapse • Synapse where neuron communicates with another cell • Presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell on either side ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... example, perhaps some of the ‘visual’ properties of AIP neurons are the result of input from the superior colliculus. Similarly, some of the ‘motor’ properties of AIP neurons could be a consequence of input from the cerebellum. In addition, given the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, w ...
... example, perhaps some of the ‘visual’ properties of AIP neurons are the result of input from the superior colliculus. Similarly, some of the ‘motor’ properties of AIP neurons could be a consequence of input from the cerebellum. In addition, given the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, w ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... correctly describes the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of delay conditioning, extinction, latent inhibition, generalization, blocking, overshadowing, discrimination reversal, and sensory preconditioning. However, the S-P-H model has difficulty describing the effect of hippocampal lesio ...
... correctly describes the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of delay conditioning, extinction, latent inhibition, generalization, blocking, overshadowing, discrimination reversal, and sensory preconditioning. However, the S-P-H model has difficulty describing the effect of hippocampal lesio ...
Number, size and distribution of ganglion neurons in urinary bladder
... the specimens we studied, although their densities were not uniform. Thus, although ganglia and neurons, were found in all parts of the Guinea-pig bladder, most were located in the region near the entrance of the ureter. According to Gabella (1990), this area of the bladder is also the point of entr ...
... the specimens we studied, although their densities were not uniform. Thus, although ganglia and neurons, were found in all parts of the Guinea-pig bladder, most were located in the region near the entrance of the ureter. According to Gabella (1990), this area of the bladder is also the point of entr ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
review glutamate and gaba receptor signalling in - lópez
... subunit mRNA or protein changes seen during development. Although the exact changes in subunit expression vary with brain region, it now appears that many different types of neurotransmitter receptors are present in the embryonic brain, while others are dominant in the postnatal brain or in the adul ...
... subunit mRNA or protein changes seen during development. Although the exact changes in subunit expression vary with brain region, it now appears that many different types of neurotransmitter receptors are present in the embryonic brain, while others are dominant in the postnatal brain or in the adul ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured glue (KOA 300, Kemxert). The ventral head and anterior thorax were partly inserted through a hole in the pl ...
... modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured glue (KOA 300, Kemxert). The ventral head and anterior thorax were partly inserted through a hole in the pl ...
Leap 2 - Entire - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
... After making observations and inferences in Making the Leap Part 1, students will rotate through six stations, each with Station Cards that explain how nerve impulses are transmitted through neurons. In this way, information is automatically chunked into small batches for students. Using the six sta ...
... After making observations and inferences in Making the Leap Part 1, students will rotate through six stations, each with Station Cards that explain how nerve impulses are transmitted through neurons. In this way, information is automatically chunked into small batches for students. Using the six sta ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... Although conditioned responses in LA may be responsible for triggering fear to the CS, there is a mismatch between the duration of CS-elicited activity in LA, and CS-elicited fear responses. A commonly used measure of conditioned fear in rodents is freezing, which is a sustained response that can ou ...
... Although conditioned responses in LA may be responsible for triggering fear to the CS, there is a mismatch between the duration of CS-elicited activity in LA, and CS-elicited fear responses. A commonly used measure of conditioned fear in rodents is freezing, which is a sustained response that can ou ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... overnight. Then, membranes were rinsed at room temperature with 2 = SSC and 0.2% SDS several times, rinsed at 558C twice with 0.1 = SSC and 0.2% SDS, sealed in a plastic bag, and the radioactivity was measured with an image analyzing system ŽBAS 1500, Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan.. To calibrate the amoun ...
... overnight. Then, membranes were rinsed at room temperature with 2 = SSC and 0.2% SDS several times, rinsed at 558C twice with 0.1 = SSC and 0.2% SDS, sealed in a plastic bag, and the radioactivity was measured with an image analyzing system ŽBAS 1500, Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan.. To calibrate the amoun ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... we possibly hope to understand how billions of neurons interacting with 10's of thousands of other neurons produce complex human cognition, just by talking in vague verbal terms, or simple paper diagrams? Certainly, nobody questions the need to use computer models in climate modeling, to make accura ...
... we possibly hope to understand how billions of neurons interacting with 10's of thousands of other neurons produce complex human cognition, just by talking in vague verbal terms, or simple paper diagrams? Certainly, nobody questions the need to use computer models in climate modeling, to make accura ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, United Kingdom, and 6Departments of Statistics and Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ...
... of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, United Kingdom, and 6Departments of Statistics and Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... Abstract. Several types of respiratory reflex actions can be discerned according to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons ...
... Abstract. Several types of respiratory reflex actions can be discerned according to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... with omega-3 fatty acids deficiency showed impaired performance in spatial memory tasks, which could be rectified after dietary replenishment [26]. Moreover, omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are lower in patients with depression [68], and its supplementation has even emerged as a potential treatmen ...
... with omega-3 fatty acids deficiency showed impaired performance in spatial memory tasks, which could be rectified after dietary replenishment [26]. Moreover, omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are lower in patients with depression [68], and its supplementation has even emerged as a potential treatmen ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... within the cortex, as suggested by our preliminary results. A major implication of this, both for biological and for artificial agents, is that it should be possible to train their motor system by simple action-observation and action-recall. The representations, shared by both overt actions and by m ...
... within the cortex, as suggested by our preliminary results. A major implication of this, both for biological and for artificial agents, is that it should be possible to train their motor system by simple action-observation and action-recall. The representations, shared by both overt actions and by m ...
Separating value from choice: delay discounting activity in the lateral
... derived information such as value, strategic planning, and attention. In particular, recent experiments suggest that LIP activity reflects value information such as the probability or magnitude of reinforcement, reward history, and strategic game valuation (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; Dorris and Glimc ...
... derived information such as value, strategic planning, and attention. In particular, recent experiments suggest that LIP activity reflects value information such as the probability or magnitude of reinforcement, reward history, and strategic game valuation (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; Dorris and Glimc ...
optimal feedback control and the neural basis of volitional motor
... investigations of motor behaviour (BOX 1). As knowledge continues to grow in each area, it becomes more challenging to link these levels of the motor system and to maintain a cohesive framework within which to describe motor function or to interpret the role of a brain region. Take, for example, the ...
... investigations of motor behaviour (BOX 1). As knowledge continues to grow in each area, it becomes more challenging to link these levels of the motor system and to maintain a cohesive framework within which to describe motor function or to interpret the role of a brain region. Take, for example, the ...
A Curious Commentary on a Book on Mirror Neurons and Other
... Costantini et al. (Costantini, Ambrosini, Cardellicchio, & Sinigaglia, 2014) report an interesting study showing that eye movement response times during object directed actions were slowed following vPMC stimulation. This suggests a link between handaction motor codes and eye movements, which makes ...
... Costantini et al. (Costantini, Ambrosini, Cardellicchio, & Sinigaglia, 2014) report an interesting study showing that eye movement response times during object directed actions were slowed following vPMC stimulation. This suggests a link between handaction motor codes and eye movements, which makes ...
